Importance of Material Selection in Design of Electric Vehicles

Year 2017, Volume: 58 Issue: 689, 81 - 95, 30.10.2017

Fatih Güven Hikmet Rende

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been developed as an alternative to cars with fossil-fuel engine
in consequence of that fossil fuels are incompetence due to increase in population. It is aimed
that Green House Gases after fossil-fuel consumption will be reduced by prevalence of electric
vehicles. Short ranges, long charging times and high cost are challenges that prevent wide
spreading of EVs. Considerable part of costs result from battery expenditure, however, EVs need
more batteries for more range. But more battery means shortening the range due to its weight.
Lightweight materials are utilized to expand range of vehicle with less battery. Availability,
environmental impact, strength and costs must be considered on design stage. In this study,
lightweight materials and material selection process are investigated in order to lighten of EVs.

Keywords

Lightweight vehicles, automotive parts, alternative materials, recycling, ecological vehicles

Elektrikli Araçların Tasarımında Malzeme Seçiminin Önemi

Abstract

Elektrikli araçlar artan nüfusla birlikte ihtiyacı karşılamakta yetersiz kalan fosil yakıtların kullanıldığı motorlu araçlara alternatif olarak geliştirilmiştir. Elektrikli araçların yaygınlaşması
ile fosil yakıtların kullanımı neticesinde oluşan emisyonların çevresel etkilerinin azaltılması
amaçlanmaktadır. Menzilinin kısa olması, batarya dolum süresinin uzunluğu ve satış fiyatının
yüksek olması elektrikli araçların yaygınlaşmasının önündeki engellerdir. Maliyeti büyük ölçüde bataryalardan kaynaklanan bu araçların menzili artırmak için daha fazla kapasiteye sahip
batarya kullanmak gerekmektedir. Ancak ağır bir araç menzil sorunu oluşturmaktadır. Menzili
artırmak için daha düşük yoğunluğa sahip alternatif malzemeler kullanarak araç hafifletilebilir.
Böylece aynı batarya kapasitesi ile daha uzun yol kat edilebilmektedir. Araçların imalatında
kullanılan bu malzemelerin seçiminde bulunabilirlik, çevresel etki, dayanım ve maliyet gibi
unsurlar dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, elektrikli araçların hafifletilmesi amacı
ile kullanılan malzemeler ve bu malzemelerin seçiminde dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar irdelenmiştir.

Keywords

Hafifletilmiş araçlar, otomotiv malzemeleri, alternatif malzemeler, geri dönüşüm, çevreci araçlar

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