Tel Ark Eklemeli İmalat: Son Gelişmeler ve Değerlendirmeler**

Year 2022, Volume: 63 Issue: 706, 82 - 116, 10.12.2021

Serkan Güler Hüseyin Tarık Serindağ Gürel Çam

https://doi.org/10.46399/muhendismakina.995979

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Yenilikçi bir imalat teknolojisi olan metal eklemeli imalat (MEİ) günümüzde havacılık-uzay, enerji, otomotiv, tıp gibi çeşitli endüstriyel alanlarda uygulanmaktadır. Bu imalat yöntemlerinde metal parçaların üretimi, üç farklı şekilde yapılmaktadır. Bunlar toz sermeli ergitme, toz beslemeli ergitme ve tel eklemeli ergitme sistemleridir. Bu yöntemlerden ilk ikisinde hammadde olarak metal veya alaşım tozları kullanılırken üçüncü yöntemde metal veya alaşımlardan imal edilmiş ilave tel başlangıç malzemesidir. Ancak, metal tozlarının özellikle de alaşım tozlarının maliyetleri oldukça yüksektir. Bu da tel kullanılarak yapılan eklemeli metal parça üretimini oldukça cazip hale getirmektedir. Tel ark eklemeli üretimin (TAEİ) diğer bir avantajı da, küçük ve orta büyüklükteki parçaların ekonomik olarak ve yüksek hızda üretebilmesi potansiyelidir. Günümüzde, bu yenilikçi imalat teknolojisi Ti ve alaşımları, Al ve alaşımları, Ni-esaslı alaşımlar ve çelik gibi değişik mühendislik malzemelerinden parça üretiminde ümit vadeden bir üretim teknolojisi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu makalede tel ark eklemeli imalat konusundaki çalışmalar ve yaygın kullanılan metalik teller tartışılacak ve bu yöntem ile üretilen parçaların içyapı ve mekanik özellikleri ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca, TAEİ’ta karşılaşılan deformasyon, porozite ve çatlak oluşumu gibi hatalar ve bunların nedenleri de tartışılacaktır. Son olarak bu üretim yönteminin metal parça imalatında yaygın olarak kullanılabilmesi için aşılması gereken sorunlar özetlenecektir.

Keywords

Eklemeli üretim, Tel ark eklemeli imalat, 3-boyutlu baskı, on ürüne eş şekilli üretim

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM): Recent Developments and Prospects

Abstract

Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) which is an innovative technology is presently being applied in various industries such as aeronautics-space, energy, automotive, and medicine. Metal parts are produced in three different ways in metal additive manufacturing methods. These are powder bed fusion, powder fed fusion and wire fed fusion systems. In the first two of these methods, metal or alloy powders are used as raw materials, while in the third method, the filler wire made of metal or alloys is the starting material. However, metal powders, especially alloy powders, are quite costly. This in turn makes the production of metal parts using filler wire very attractive. Another advantage of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is its potential to produce small- and medium-sized parts economically with high deposition rate. Nowadays, this innovative manufacturing technology is being considered a promising fabrication technology for manufacturing several products from various engineering materials such as titanium and its alloys, aluminum and its alloys, nickel-based alloys and steels. In this paper, studies on WAAM and commonly used metallic wires and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the parts produced by this method will be discussed. In addition, defects such as deformation, porosity and crack formation encountered in WAAM and their reasons will also be discussed. Finally, the problems which have to be overcome for a wider application of this production method in the manufacturing of metallic parts, will be summarized.

Keywords

Additive manufacturing, Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), 3-D printing, Net shape production

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