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Metal ve Alaşımlarda Toplam Karbon (C) ve Toplam Kükürt (S) Tayini, Metot Validasyonu ve Ölçüm Belirsizliği

Year 2022, Volume: 63 Issue: 708, 492 - 510, 16.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.46399/muhendismakina.1022162

Abstract

Ülkemiz, demir-çelik endüstrisi başta olmak üzere, metal hammadde ve uç ürünlerinin üretimi açısından dünya piyasasında büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Verimli ve yüksek kaliteye sahip bir üretim sürecinin gerçekleştirilebilmesi için malzemenin, tüm üretim süreci boyunca Karbon (C) ve Kükürt (S) konsantrasyonlarının sürekli izlenmesi gerekmektedir. Söz konusu ürünlerin pazarlanması aşamasında da, malzeme niteliklerinin uygunluk değerlendirme kuruluşları tarafından raporlanması gerekmektedir. Bu aşamada ürünlerin kalite kontrol testlerinde, ölçüm sonuçlarının doğruluğunun arttırılması ve güvenilirliğinin sağlanması beklenmektedir. Bu amaçla, uygunluk değerlendirme kuruluşları tarafından gerçekleştirilen testlerde öncelikle uygulanan analiz metodunun doğrulanması ve geçerli kılınması sağlanmalıdır. Ancak bu konuda ilgili uluslararası kılavuzlarda açıklanan prosedürlerin dışında kalan farklı uygulamaların olduğu gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, mevcut en iyi tekniklere örnek olarak, metal ve alaşımlarda toplam karbon (C) ve toplam kükürt (S) analizleri için " TS EN ISO/IEC 17025 Deney ve Kalibrasyon Laboratuvarlarının Yeterliliği İçin Genel Gereklilikler " standardında açıklanan prosedürler izlenerek yöntem doğrulama ve belirsizlik tahmini çalışmaları yapılmıştır.

References

  • Davis, J.R. 2001. “Carbon and Alloy Steels Alloying: Understanding the Basics”, ASM International, s. 121-254, ABD.
  • “21 Chemical Elements and Effects on Steel Mechanical Properties”, http://www.astmsteel.com/steel-knowledge/chemical-elements-and-effects-mechanical-properties/, 07.10.2015, Erişim tarihi: 15.09.2021.
  • Biswas, D.K., Venkatraman, M., Narendranath, C.S., Chatterjee, U.K. 1992. “Influence of Sulfide Inclusion on Ductility and Fracture Behavior of Resulfurized HY-80 Steel”, Metallurgical Transactions, 23A, s. 1479-1492.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 2017. ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
  • Türk Akreditasyon Kurumu (TÜRKAK), 2019. Metodun Geçerli Kılınması ve Doğrulanması için Bilgilendirme Kılavuzu.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 2006. ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols —Part1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1994. ISO 5725-1: 1994 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part 1: General principles and definitions. DOI:10.1029/JC095iC10p18303.
  • Miller, J. N., Miller, J. C. 2010. Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry Sixth edition. Pearson Education Canada.
  • ASTM E1019-18, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Inert Gas Fusion Techniques, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018, www.astm.org
  • Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. ISO, Geneva (1993). (ISBN 92-67-10188-9) Reprinted 1995: Reissued as ISO Guide 98-3 (2008)
  • NORDTEST NT TR 537 ed. 3.1 2017:02 Turkish
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 2017. ISO 21748:2017 Guidance for the use of repeatability, reproducibility and trueness estimates in measurement uncertainty evaluation.
  • EURACHEM, 2012. EURACHEM / CITAC Guide CG 4 Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement (third edition).
  • Türk Akreditasyon Kurumu (TÜRKAK), 2015. R20.02 Deney/Analiz Sonuçlarındaki Ölçüm Belirsizliği Tahmini İçin TÜRKAK Prensipleri.
  • EA-4/16: EA guideline on The Expression of uncertainty in quantitative testing, www.european-accreditation.org

Determination Of Total Carbon (C) and Total Sulfur (S) In Metals and Alloys, Method Validation and Measurement Uncertainty

Year 2022, Volume: 63 Issue: 708, 492 - 510, 16.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.46399/muhendismakina.1022162

Abstract

Our country has a great importance in the world market in terms of the production of metal raw materials and end products, especially in the iron and steel industry. In order to realize an efficient and high quality production process, it is necessary to continuously monitor the Carbon (C) and Sulfur (S) concentrations of the material throughout the entire production process. During the marketing phase of the products in question, the material qualities must be reported by the conformity assessment bodies. At this stage, it is expected to increase the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results in the quality control tests of the products. For this purpose, the verification and validation of the analysis method which were employed should be carried out by the conformity assessment bodies. However, it is observed that there are different applications that fall outside the procedures described in the relevant international guidelines. In this study as an example to the best available techniques, method validation and uncertainty estimation studies were carried out for the total carbon (C) and total sulfur (S) analyses in metals and alloys following the procedures described in the standard of "General Requirements for the Competence of Test and Calibration Laboratories".

References

  • Davis, J.R. 2001. “Carbon and Alloy Steels Alloying: Understanding the Basics”, ASM International, s. 121-254, ABD.
  • “21 Chemical Elements and Effects on Steel Mechanical Properties”, http://www.astmsteel.com/steel-knowledge/chemical-elements-and-effects-mechanical-properties/, 07.10.2015, Erişim tarihi: 15.09.2021.
  • Biswas, D.K., Venkatraman, M., Narendranath, C.S., Chatterjee, U.K. 1992. “Influence of Sulfide Inclusion on Ductility and Fracture Behavior of Resulfurized HY-80 Steel”, Metallurgical Transactions, 23A, s. 1479-1492.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 2017. ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
  • Türk Akreditasyon Kurumu (TÜRKAK), 2019. Metodun Geçerli Kılınması ve Doğrulanması için Bilgilendirme Kılavuzu.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 2006. ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols —Part1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1994. ISO 5725-1: 1994 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part 1: General principles and definitions. DOI:10.1029/JC095iC10p18303.
  • Miller, J. N., Miller, J. C. 2010. Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry Sixth edition. Pearson Education Canada.
  • ASTM E1019-18, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Inert Gas Fusion Techniques, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018, www.astm.org
  • Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. ISO, Geneva (1993). (ISBN 92-67-10188-9) Reprinted 1995: Reissued as ISO Guide 98-3 (2008)
  • NORDTEST NT TR 537 ed. 3.1 2017:02 Turkish
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 2017. ISO 21748:2017 Guidance for the use of repeatability, reproducibility and trueness estimates in measurement uncertainty evaluation.
  • EURACHEM, 2012. EURACHEM / CITAC Guide CG 4 Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement (third edition).
  • Türk Akreditasyon Kurumu (TÜRKAK), 2015. R20.02 Deney/Analiz Sonuçlarındaki Ölçüm Belirsizliği Tahmini İçin TÜRKAK Prensipleri.
  • EA-4/16: EA guideline on The Expression of uncertainty in quantitative testing, www.european-accreditation.org
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatih Turan 0000-0002-9969-0405

Sezai Şen 0000-0002-0855-4388

Caner Tulgar This is me 0000-0002-2385-0177

Ziya Çoban This is me 0000-0001-6628-1317

Publication Date September 16, 2022
Submission Date November 11, 2021
Acceptance Date June 3, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 63 Issue: 708

Cite

APA Turan, F., Şen, S., Tulgar, C., Çoban, Z. (2022). Metal ve Alaşımlarda Toplam Karbon (C) ve Toplam Kükürt (S) Tayini, Metot Validasyonu ve Ölçüm Belirsizliği. Mühendis Ve Makina, 63(708), 492-510. https://doi.org/10.46399/muhendismakina.1022162

Derginin DergiPark'a aktarımı devam ettiğinden arşiv sayılarına https://www.mmo.org.tr/muhendismakina adresinden erişebilirsiniz.

ISSN : 1300-3402

E-ISSN : 2667-7520