BUS CRASHWORTHINESS IMPROVEMENT WITH LS-DYNA

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 66 Sayı: 719, 189 - 219, 30.06.2025

Namık Kiliç

https://doi.org/10.46399/muhendismakina.1722390

Öz

In terms of logistics and production capabilities, our country is an important supplier of the European bus market. The widespread use of electric buses, especially in public transport, has been constantly increasing the demand for new vehicles in recent years. Turkish bus manufacturing industry should actively work on passive protection of driver and passenger safety issues to increase the share of market and sustainability of production. In this study, safety performance according to ECER-29, which includes non-mandatory frontal collision requirements in addition to roll over performance, which is already mandatory in regulations, was examined by Finite Element Analyses. Before the simulation methodology was applied to vehicle-level designs, it was verified by three-stage physical tests. After it was found that there was a high correlation between the test and analysis results, roll over and frontal collision analyses were applied to an existing intercity bus design. It was found that the bus frame structure, which is at a fairly safe level compared to the ECER-66 in terms of rollover strength, could not meet the requirements of the ECER-29 in frontal collision analyses. It was determined that the vehicle safety performance could be improved to meet the ECER-29 with low-cost structural solutions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rollover , front crash , passive protection , driver and passenger safety , LS-dyna , finite element analysis (FEA)

OTOBÜSLERDE PASİF GÜVENLİK ÇÖZÜMLERİNİN LS-DYNA İLE GELİŞTİRİLMESİ

Öz

Lojistik ve üretim yetenekleri açısından ülkemiz Avrupa otobüs pazarının önemli bir tedarikçisi konumundadır. Özellikle toplu taşımada elektrikli otobüslerin kullanımının yaygınlaşması, yeni araç taleplerini son yıllarda sürekli arttırmaktadır. Otobüs tasarımlarında yolcu ve sürücü güvenliğini ön plana alacak uygulama ve çözümler konusunda proaktif bir yaklaşım sergilenmesi, üretici firmaların Avrupa pazar paylarında olumlu gelişmeleri beraberinde getirecektir. Bu çalışmada, halihazırda regülasyonlarda zorunluk olan devrilme performansına ilaveten zorunlu olmayan önden çarpışma gereksinimlerini içeren ECER-29’a göre güvenlik performansı Sonlu Elemanlar Analizleri ile incelendi. Simülasyon metodolojisi araç seviyesi tasarımlara uygulanmadan önce, üç aşamalı fiziksel testler ile doğrulandı. Test ve analiz sonuçları arasında yüksek korelasyon olduğu görüldükten sonra devrilme ve önden çarpışma analizleri bir şehir içi belediye otobüsü tasarımına uygulandı. Devrilme dayanımı açısından ECER-66’ya göre oldukça güvenli seviyede olan otobüs iskelet yapısının, önden çarpışma analizlerinde ECER-29 gereksinimlerini karşılayamadığı görüldü. İlk bakışta olumsuz olmakla birlikte, düşük maliyetli yapısal çözümlerle araç güvenlik performansı ECER-29’u karşılayacak şekilde iyileştirildi. Dolayısıyla, yeni araç tasarımlarında üreticilerin zorunluluk olmasa bile ECER-29 gereksinimlerini dikkate almasının sürücü ve yolcu güvenliği açısından önemli katkılar yapacağı anlaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Devrilme , önden çarpma , pasif koruma , yolcu ve sürücü güvenliği , LS-dyna , sonlu elemanlar metodu

Kaynakça

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