THE EFFECT OF DIGITALIZATION ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Abstract

This study examines the intersection of digitalization and human resource management (HRM) practices through a bibliometric analysis. Utilizing the VOS Viewer program for quantitative analysis and supplemented by qualitative content reading, the research explores key trends, themes, and authorship patterns within the existing literature. The primary data source is the Web of Science database, yielding 268 relevant studies published between 2005 and 2023. Findings indicate a growing interest in the topic, particularly within the management discipline, and highlight key HRM practices impacted by digitalization, including recruitment, training and development, performance management, and career management. The analysis reveals that digitalization enhances HR efficiency, reduces costs, and supports learning and development, while also presenting challenges such as data security risks, skill gaps, and potential resistance to change. Co-authorship and citation networks identify influential authors and emerging research clusters. The study underscores the interdisciplinary nature of digital HRM research and calls for broader database inclusion to enhance future bibliometric studies.

Keywords

• Digitalization
• Human Resources
• Human Resource Management
• Digital Economy
• Digital Transformation

DİJİTALLEŞMENİN İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİMİ UYGULAMALARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ

Abstract

Bu çalışma, dijitalleşme ve insan kaynakları yönetimi (İKY) uygulamalarının kesişimini bibliyometrik bir analizle incelemektedir. Nicel analiz için VOS Viewer programı kullanılarak ve nitel içerik okumalarıyla desteklenerek, mevcut literatürdeki temel eğilimler, temalar ve yazarlık desenleri araştırılmıştır. Birincil veri kaynağı olarak Web of Science veritabanı kullanılarak 2005-2023 yılları arasında yayınlanmış 268 ilgili çalışma elde edilmiştir. Bulgular, özellikle yönetim disiplininde bu konuya artan bir ilgi olduğunu göstermekte ve dijitalleşmeden etkilenen başlıca İKY uygulamalarının işe alım, eğitim ve gelişim, performans yönetimi ve kariyer yönetimi olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, dijitalleşmenin İK verimliliğini artırdığı, maliyetleri azalttığı, öğrenme ve gelişimi desteklediği ancak veri güvenliği riskleri, beceri eksiklikleri ve değişime direnç gibi zorlukların da var olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Ortak yazarlık ve atıf ağları, etkili yazarları ve ortaya çıkan araştırma kümelerini belirlemektedir. Çalışma, dijital İKY araştırmalarının disiplinler arası doğasını vurgulamakta ve gelecekteki bibliyometrik çalışmaları geliştirmek için daha geniş veritabanı incelemelerine ihtiyaç olduğunu belirtmektedir.

Keywords

• Dijitalleşme
• İnsan Kaynakları
• İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi
• Dijital Ekonomi
• Dijital Dönüşüm

References

1. Akpan, I. J., Soopramanien, D., & Kwak, D. H. (2021). Cutting-edge technologies for small business and innovation in the era of COVID-19 global health pandemic. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 33(6), 607-617. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276.331.2020.1799294
2. Alan, H. (2023). A systematic bibliometric analysis on the current digital human resources management studies and directions for future research. Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management, 14(1), 38-59. DOI:10.47297/wspchrmWSP2040‑800.502.20231401
3. Amladi, P. (2017). HR’s guide to the digital transformation: ten digital economy use cases for transforming human resources in manufacturing. Strategic HR Review, 16(2), 66-70. https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-12-2016-0110
4. Asatiani, A., & Norström, L. (2023). Information systems for sustainable remote workplaces. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 32(101789), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2023.101789
5. Blštáková, J., Joniaková, Z., Jankelová, N., Stachová, K., & Stacho, Z. (2020). Reflection of digitalization on business values: The results of examining values of people management in a digital age. Sustainability, 12(12), 5202. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125202
6. Bloomberg, J. (2018). Digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation: confuse them at your peril. Forbes. Retrieved on August, 28, 2019.
7. Borovskikh, N. V., Kipervar, E. A., & Solovev, D. B. (2020, April). Human Resources Policy of the Enterprise in the Conditions of Digitalization of the Economy: Change of Content and Prospects of Formation. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 459, No. 4, p. 042050). IOP Publishing.
8. Brennen S., & Kreiss D. (2014). Digitalization and Digitization [Online]. Available: http://culturedigitally.org/2014/09/digitalization-and-digitization/ (Last accessed: 18/09/2023).

9. Chen, F., Liu, Z., Cui, W., Han, S., & Jiang, N. (2021). The impact of digital transformation on female career development: dividends or divide? An empirical analysis based on the World Bank Survey Data on Chinese manufacturing companies. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 61(4), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12318
10. Chugunova, M., & Danilov, A. (2023). Use of digital technologies for HR management in Germany: Survey evidence. CESifo Economic Studies, 69(2), 69-90. https://doi.org/10.1093/cesifo/ifad005
11. Conceição, L. C., Pereira, L. F., & Dias, Á. L. (2023). The key competencies for the future of work – A bibliometric study. Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management, 14(1), 3-37. https://dx.doi.org/10.47297/wspchrmWSP2040-800.501.20231401
12. da Silva, L. B. P., Soltovski, R., Pontes, J., Treinta, F. T., Leitão, P., Mosconi, E., de Resende, L. M. M., & Yoshino, R. T. (2022). Human resources management 4.0: Literature review and trends. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 168, 108111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.108111
13. De Bruyne, E., & Gerritse, D. (2018). Exploring the future workplace: results of the futures forum study. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 20(3), 196-213. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRE-09-2017-0030
14. DiRomualdo, A., El-Khoury, D., & Girimonte, F. (2018). HR in the digital age: How digital technology will change HR’s organization structure, processes and roles. Strategic HR Review, 17(5), 234-242. https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-08-2018-0074
15. Duparc, D. (2012, November). Information and Communication Technologies: Their impact on management and key functions to adapt. In ECMLG2012-Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance: ECMLG (p. 141). Academic Conferences Limited.
16. Ensher, E. A., Nielson, T. R., & Grant-Vallone, E. (2002). Tales from the hiring line: Effects of the internet and technology on HR processes. Organizational Dynamics, 31(3), 224-244.
17. Fernandez, V., & Gallardo-Gallardo, E. (2021). Tackling the HR digitalization challenge: Key factors and barriers to HR analytics adoption. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 31(1), 162-187. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-12-2019-0163
18. Gobble, M. M. (2018). Digitalization, digitization, and innovation. Research-Technology Management, 61(4), 56- 59. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956.308.2018.1471280
19. Gyurák Babeľová, Z., Vraňaková, N., & Stareček, A. (2022). Moderating effect of Industry 4.0 on the performance of enterprises in the constrains related to COVID-19 in the perception of employees in Slovakia. Administrative Sciences, 12(183),1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040183
20. Heric, M. (2018). HR new digital mandate. Digital technologies have become essential for HR to engage top talent and add value to the business. Retrieved August, 20, 2019, Bain & Company.
21. Johnson, R. D., & Gueutal, H. G. (2011). Transforming HR through technology: The use of E-HR and HRIS in organizations. Society for Human Resource Management Effective Practice Guidelines Series.
22. Alexandria, VA. Kambur, E., & Yildirim, T. (2023). From traditional to smart human resources management. International Journal of Manpower, 44(3), 422-452. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-10-2021-0622
23. Kaya, N., Koc, E., & Topcu, D. (2010). An exploratory analysis of the influence of human resource management activities and organizational climate on job satisfaction in Turkish banks. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(11), 2031-2051. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585.192.2010.505104
24. Kmecová, I., Stuchlý, J., Sagapova, N., & Tlustý, M. (2021). SME human resources management digitization: Evaluation of the level of digitization and estimation of future developments. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 23(2), 232-248. DOI:10.17512/pjms.2021.23.2.14
25. Kuzior, A., Kettler, K., & Rąb, Ł. (2022). Digitalization of work and human resources processes as a way to create a sustainable and ethical organization. Energies, 15(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010172
26. Langwell, C., & Heaton, D. (2016). Using human resource activities to implement sustainability in SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 23(3), 652-670. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-07-2015-0096
27. Lengnick-Hall, M. L., & Moritz, S. (2003). The impact of e-HR on the human resource management function. Journal of Labor Research, 24(3), 365-379.
28. Lepak, D. P., & Snell, S. A. (1998). Virtual HR: Strategic human resource management in the 21st century. Human Resource Management Review, 8(3), 215-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(98)90003-1
29. Mahmoodi, A., Hashemi, L., Tahan, M. M., Jasemi, M., & Millar, R. C. (2023). Design a technology acceptance model by applying system dynamics: An analysis based on key dimensions of employee behavior. Journal of Modelling in Management, 18(5), 1454-1475. https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-122021-0306
30. Marler, J. H., & Parry, E. (2016). Human resource management, strategic involvement and e-HRM technology. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(19), 2233-2253. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585.192.2015.1091980
31. Melanthiou, Y., Pavlou, F., & Constantinou, E. (2015). The use of social network sites as an e-recruitment tool. Journal of Transnational Management, 20(1), 31-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/15475.778.2015.998141
32. Melkumyan, A., & Sahakyan, M. (2022). Digital technologies and labour market development in the Republic of Armenia. Management Research and Practice, 14(2), 37-45.
33. Minbaeva, D. (2021). Disrupted HR?. Human Resource Management Review, 31(100820), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100820
34. Novac, C., & Ciochină, R. S. (2017, September). The Impact of The Digital Era on Human Resources Management. Social Media as Recruiting Environment for Potential Candidates. In Strategica 2017 Management and Leadership (pp. 97-107). Tritonic Publishing House.
35. Novac, C., & Ciochină, R. S. (2018, October). The Influence of Digitalization in The Recruitment and Selection Process. Present Challenges and Future Perspectives. In Strategica 2018 Challenging The Status Quo In Management and Economics (pp. 470-479). Tritonic Publishing House.
36. Oxford English Dictionary, https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/scope=Entries&q=digitalization (Last accessed: 18/09/2023).
37. Ozkan-Ozen, Y. D., & Kazancoglu, Y. (2022). Analysing workforce development challenges in the Industry 4.0. International Journal of Manpower, 43(2), 310-333. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-03-2021-0167
38. Palumbo, R., & Cavallone, M. (2024). Is work digitalization without risk? Unveiling the psycho-social hazards of digitalization in the education and healthcare workplace. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 36(6), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537.325.2022.2075338
39. Parviainen, P., Tihinen, M., Kääriäinen, J., & Teppola, S. (2017). Tackling the digitalization challenge: howvto benefit from digitalization in practice. International Journal of Information Systems and ProjectvManagement, 5(1), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm050104
40. Ruël, H., Bondarouk, T., & Looise, J. K. (2004). E-HRM: Innovation or irritation. An explorative empirical studyvin five large companies on web-based HRM. Management Revue, 15(3), 364-380. https://www.jstor.org/vstable/41783479
41. Santoso, W., Sitorus, P. M., Batunanggar, S., Krisanti, F. T., Anggadwita, G., & Alamsyah, A. (2021). Talent mapping: A strategic approach toward digitalization initiatives in the banking and financial technology (FinTech) industry in Indonesia. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 12(3), 399-420. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-04-2020-0075
42. Sengupta, A., Lalwani, S., Goswami, S., & Srivastava, P. (2021). Reinventing HR functions with SMAC technologies-an exploratory study. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 10169-10174.
43. Stephan, M., Uzawa S., Volini, E., Walsh, B., & Yoshida, R. (2016). Digital HR: revolution, not evolution. In J.
44. Bersin, B. Dollar, N. Wakefield, D. Mallon, L. Monck, J. Stempel & S. Vijay (Eds.), Global Human Capital Trends 2016. The new organization: different by design (pp. 97-101). Deloitte University Press.
45. Ulrich, D., & Dulebohn, J. H. (2015). Are we there yet? What’s next for HR?. Human Resource Management Review, 25(2), 188-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2015.01.004
46. Vardarlier, P., & Ozsahin, M. (2021). Digital transformation of human resource management: Social media’s performance effect. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 18(3), 2150005-1-22. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021.987.702150005X
47. Vorzhakova, Y., & Boiarynova, K. (2020). The application of digitalization in enterprises on the basis of multiple criteria selection design. Central European Management Journal, 28(3), 127-148. DOI: 10.7206/cemj.2658-0845.29
48. Web of Science, https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/analyze-results/5812053b-20b9-4691-bf7f-18fc0e7cc150-a33d8b79 (Last accessed: 12/09/2023).
49. World Economic Forum Future of Jobs Report 2023 https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-future-of-jobsreport- 2023?gclid=CjwKCAjw6p-oBhAYEiwAgg2Pggnb6tHbI4A2JhpiHH0DQzsjXpmAxTxz8ioBVhPXZVz2MSXRW7cyxoC4H8QAvD_BwE (Last accessed: 18/09/2023).
50. World Economic Forum https://www.weforum.org/focus/fourth-industrial-revolution (Last accessed: 18/09/2023).
51. Zhou, Y., Liu, G., Chang, X., & Wang, L. (2021). The impact of HRM digitalization on firm performance: Investigating three-way interactions. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 59, 20-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12258