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Abstract

Radical changes caused by the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions led to the so called “information age” transition to the new era. Economic activities are becoming a knowledge-based and the global competition increase with world trade liberalization. In this context, global competition and trade are shaped around knowledge-based products. Hence, societies producing knowledge and using the information effectively in production activities have a developed economy. While traditional theories perceive that international trade benefits from the comparative advantages of countries, international trade reflects R&D activities and leadership shifts in the close-tech race, for nearly half a century. Obviously, this process of transformation has proven to be the inadequacy of the traditional theory and requires the identification of a new philosophy; thus it is based on the challenge of intra-industry trade to traditional theories.The main aim of this study is to analyze the structure of Turkey’s foreign trade on the axis of IIT theory which increasing its importance permanently. In this context, the study focuses on the modelling on the country and policy-based determinants of intra-industry trade in Turkey for the period 1995-2012, the evaluation of panel data analysis and the results. With the literature review, the basic approaches, measurement techniques and calculation methods adopted by the literature of intra-industry trade are examined in detail. According to results of the analysis in the study, the country and policy-based determinants of intra-industry trade which have an impact on Turkey’s intra-industry trade with its trade partners are development level, differences of development level, the average market size, openness, distance and economic integration

Keywords

• Intra Industry Trade (IIT), Grubel-Lloyd Index, Manufacturing In

TÜRKİYE’NİN ENDÜSTRİ İÇİ TİCARETİNİN ÜLKE VE POLİTİKA TEMELLİ BELİRLEYİCİLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR UYGULAMA

Abstract

Tarım ve Sanayi Devrimi’nin yarattığı köklü değişimle, günümüzde “bilgi çağı” olarak adlandırılan yeni bir çağa geçişin yaşandığı gözlenmektedir. Ekonomik faaliyetler bilgi temelli hale gelmekte ve dünya ticaretinde liberalizasyon ile küresel rekabet de giderek artmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, küresel rekabet ve ticaret, bilgi odaklı ürünler etrafında şekillenmekte; bilgiyi üreten ve ekonomik faaliyetlerin içerisinde etkin olarak kullanan toplumlar gelişmiş bir ekonomiye sahip olmaktadır. Geleneksel teoriler, uluslararası ticareti, ülkelerin karşılaştırmalı üstünlüklerden fayda sağlaması biçiminde algılarken, uluslararası ticaret yaklaşık yarım yüzyıldır ar-ge faaliyetlerini ve yakın teknoloji yarışındaki liderlik kaymalarını yansıtmaktadır. Açıkçası bu dönüşüm geleneksel teorilerin yetersizliğini ve “yeni bir felsefe”nin tanımlanmasını gerekli kılmakta; endüstri-içi ticaretin geleneksel teorilere meydan okumasına dayanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı gittikçe önemi artan endüstri-içi ticaret teorisi ekseninde Türkiye’nin dış ticaret yapısını kapsamlı bir biçimde analiz etmek olarak belirlenmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, 1995-2012 dönemi için Türkiye’nin endüstri içi ticaretinin ülke ve politika temelli belirleyicilerine ilişkin modelleme, panel veri analizi ve sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi yer almaktadır. Literatür incelemesiyle birlikte, endüstri içi ticaret literatüründe temel yaklaşımlar, ölçme teknikleri ve hesaplama yöntemleri detaylı bir şekilde incelenmektedir. Analizlerde, Türkiye’nin ticaret ortakları ile gerçekleştirdiği endüstri içi ticaret üzerinde etkili ülke ve politika temelli belirleyicilerin, ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyi, kalkınma düzeyi farklılıkları, ortalama piyasa büyüklüğü, dışa açıklık, coğrafi uzaklık ve ekonomik entegrasyon olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.

Keywords

• Endüstri İçi Ticaret (EİT), Grubel-Lloyd Endeksi, İmalat Sanayi, Panel Veri Analizi, Türkiye

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