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Nasıralı İsa’nın Erken Dönem Yahudi Literatüründeki İzlerine Dair Modern Değerlendirmeler

Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 155 - 172, 25.07.2017
https://doi.org/10.19059/mukaddime.296788

Abstract

İsa ve öğretileri hakkında bazı kayıtlar
nakleden kaynaklar arasında muhtelif Hristiyanlık anlayışlarını yansıtan
“kanonik” ve “apokrif” İnciller öncelikli yere sahiptir. Ancak bizzat İsa’nın
da mensubu olduğu İsrailoğulları kavmi bünyesinde İsa’nın kendisi hakkındaki
iddialarına veya gündeme getirdiği dinî içerikli prensiplere iman etmeyen
Yahudiler de konuya ilişkin bazı kayıtlar oluşturmuşlardır. İsa’nın Yahudi bir
muhitte doğup büyüdüğü ve umumiyetle Musa Şeriatı üzerine vaazlar verdiği göz
önünde bulundurulursa, Yahudilerin söz konusu kayıtlarını en azından teorik
açıdan önemsemek gerekir. Bu makale, İsa ve öğretilerinin Miladî takvimin erken
yüzyıllarında Yahudi rivayetlerindeki izlerini ana hatlarıyla tanıtmak ve
değerlendirmek maksadını havidir.        

References

  • Adam, Baki, Yahudi Kaynaklarına Göre Tevrat, Pınar Yayınları: İstanbul 2001.
  • Case, Shirley Jackson, The Historicity of Jesus: A Criticism of the Contention That Jesus Never Lived, A Statement of the Evidence for His Existence, An Estimate of His Relation to Christianity, The University of Chicago Press: Illinois 1912.
  • Dalman, Gustaf, Jesus Christ in the Talmud, Midrash, Zohar and the Liturgy of the Synagogue, İngilizce trc.-ed. A. W. Streane, Cambridge University Press 1893.
  • Drews, Arthur, The Christ Myth, Almanca’dan İngilizce trc. C. Delisle Burns, London 1910.
  • Dunn, James D. G., Jesus Remembered, Grand Rapids: Michigan 2003.
  • Ehrman, Bart D., Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millenium, Oxford University Press 1999.
  • Eisenman, Robert, James, The Brother of Jesus: Recovering the True History of Early Christianity, London 1997.
  • El-A’zami, M. M., Vahyedilişinden Derlenişine Kur’an Tarihi: Eski ve Yeni Ahit ile Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma, Türkçe trc. Ömer Türker-Fetih Serenli, İz Yayıncılık: İstanbul 2006.
  • Dalman, Gustaf, Jesus Christ in the Talmud, Midrash, Zohar and the Liturgy of the Synagogue, İngilizce trc.-ed. A. W. Streane, Cambridge University Press 1893.
  • Drews, Arthur, The Christ Myth, Almanca’dan İngilizce trc. C. Delisle Burns, London 1910.
  • Dunn, James D. G., Jesus Remembered, Grand Rapids: Michigan 2003.
  • Ehrman, Bart D., Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millenium, Oxford University Press 1999.
  • Eisenman, Robert, James, The Brother of Jesus: Recovering the True History of Early Christianity, London 1997.
  • El-A’zami, M. M., Vahyedilişinden Derlenişine Kur’an Tarihi: Eski ve Yeni Ahit ile Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma, Türkçe trc. Ömer Türker-Fetih Serenli, İz Yayıncılık: İstanbul 2006.
  • Evans, Craig A., “Jesus in Non-Christian Sources”, The Historical Jesus: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies, C. 4, ed. Craig A. Evans, London 2004.
  • _____ Jesus and His Contemporaries: Comparative Studies, Brill: Leiden 1995.
  • Feldman, Louis H.-Hata, Gohei (ed.), Josephus, Judaism and Christianity, Wayne State University Press: Detroit 1987.
  • Gero, Stephan, “The Stern Master and His Wayward Disciple: A ‘Jesus’ Story in the Talmud and in Christian Hagiography”, Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period, C. 25, 1994.
  • Goguel, Maurice, Jesus the Nazarene: Myth or History, İngilizce trc. Frederick Stephens, New York 1926.
  • Gowler, David B., “The Quest for the Historical Jesus: An Overview”, The Blackwell Companion to Jesus, ed. Delbert Burkett, 2011.
  • Griffith, Sidney, “Christians Under Muslim Rule”, Cambridge History of Christianity: C. III, ed. Thomas F. X. Noble–J. M. H. Smith, Cambridge University Press 2008, ss. 197-212.
  • Guenther, Alan, “Christian-Muslim Apologetics in the Abbasid Period”, McGill Journal of Middle East Studies, C. 3, 1995, ss. 1-16.
  • Habermas, Gary R., The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Jesus, College Press 1996.
  • Haider, Ghulam Aasi, Muslim Understanding of Other Religions: A Study of Ibn Hazm’s Kitab al-Fasl fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa’ wa al-Nihal, İslamabad 1999.
  • Herford, R. Travers, Christianity in Talmud and Midrash, New York.
  • Holding, James Patrick, Shattering the Christ Myth: Did Jesus Not Exist, USA 2008.
  • Hoyland, Robert, Seeing Islam As Others Saw It, A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam, Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, The Darwin Press: Princeton-New Jersey 1997.
  • Instone-Brewer, David, “Jesus of Nazareth’s Trial in the Uncensored Talmud”, Tyndale Bulletin, 62, 2011.
  • Iosephus, Flavius, Antiquites of Jews, İngilizce trc: William Whiston, Yorum: Paul L. Maier, Grand Rapids 1999.
  • Johnson, Paul, Yahudi Tarihi, Türkçe trc. Filiz Orman, Pozitif Yayınları, İstanbul, tarihsiz.
  • Justin (Martyr) (Şehit Iustinos), “Dialogue with Trypho, the Jew”, Ante Nicene Fathers, C. 1, ed. Philip Schaff, Edinburgh 1867 (yeniden basım 2001).
  • Kanca, Hatice Koç, Hıristiyan ve İslami Kaynaklardan Hareketle Yeni Bir İslami Kristoloji Denemesi, Basılmamış Tez Çalışması, Samsun 2013.
  • Kaplan, İbrahim, “Erken Dönemde Hıristiyan Karşıtı Söylemin Ortaya Çıkmasını Hazırlayan Sebepler”, Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 47: 2, 2006, ss. 165-183.
  • _____ Erken Dönem Müslüman-Hıristiyan İlişkileri, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Danışman: Şaban Ali Kuzgun, Ankara 2006.
  • Köstenberger, Andreas J.-Kellum, L. Scott-Quarles, Charles L., The Cradle, The Cross and The Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament, Nashville: B & H Academic 2009.
  • Liable, Heinrich, Jesus Christ in the Talmud, İngilizce trc. A. W. Streane, Cambridge University Press 1893.
  • Lüdemann, Gerd, Heretics: The Other Side of Early Christianity, Stuttgart 1995, İngilizce trc. John Bowden, Kentucky 1996.
  • Maccoby, Hyam, Judaism on Trial: Jewish-Christian Disputations in the Middle Ages, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press 1982.
  • Olson, Ken, “A Eusebian Reading of the Testimonium Flavianum”, Eusebius of Caesarea: Tradition and Innovations, ed. Aaron Johnson- Jeremy Scott, Harvard University Press 2013, ss. 97-114.
  • Origenes, “Contra Celsum”, Ante Nicene Fathers, C. 4. ed. Philip Schaff, 1885.
  • Pagels, Elaine, The Gnostic Gospels, Vintage: New York 1989.
  • Parkes, James, The Conflict of Church and the Synagogue: A Study in the Origins of Antisemitism, New York 1964.
  • Pick, Bernhard, “The Followers of Jesus in the Talmud”, Monist, 20, 1910.
  • _____ “The Personality of Jesus in the Talmud”, Monist, C. 20, 1910.
  • Powell, Mark Allan, Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee, Louisville: Westminster: John Knox 1998.
  • Pritz, Ray A., Nazarene Jewish Christianity: From the End of the New Testament Period Until Its Disappearance in the Fourth Century, Brill: Jerusalem-Leiden 1988.
  • Riesner, Rainer, “Jesus As Preacher and Teacher”, Jesus and the Oral Gospel Tradition, ed. Henry Wansbrough, Sheffield 1991.
  • Rubenstein, Jeffrey L., Rabbinic Stories, Paulist Press: New Jersey 2002.
  • Schafer, Peter, Jesus in the Talmud, Princeton University Press 2007.
  • Schonfield, Hugh, According to the Hebrews. A New Translation of the Jewish Life of Jesus, the Toldoth Jeshu, with an Inquiry Into the Nature of Its Sources and Special Relationship to the Lost Gospel According to the Hebrews, London 1937.
  • Stanton, Graham N., The Gospels and Jesus, Oxford University Press 1989.
  • Strack, Herman L., Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash, 5. Almanca basımın İngilizce trc, Philadelphia 1931.
  • Thomas, David–Mallett, Alex (ed.), Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, Brill: Leiden-Boston 2013.
  • Toprak, Mehmet Sait, Talmud ve Hadis: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma, Kabalcı Yayınları: İstanbul 2012.
  • Unterman, Isaac, The Talmud: An Analytical Guide to its History and Teachings, New York: Bloch Publishing Company 1971.
  • Varner, William, “On the Trail of Trypho: Two Fragmentary Jewish-Christian Dialogues From the Ancient Churches”, Christian Origins and Hellenistic Judaism: Social and Literary Context for the New Testament, ed. Stanley E. Porter & Andrew W. Pitts, Brill: Leiden-Boston 2013.
  • Wells, George Albert, Did Jesus Exist?, London: Pemberton 1986.
  • _____ The Jesus Legend, Open Court 1996.
Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 155 - 172, 25.07.2017
https://doi.org/10.19059/mukaddime.296788

Abstract

References

  • Adam, Baki, Yahudi Kaynaklarına Göre Tevrat, Pınar Yayınları: İstanbul 2001.
  • Case, Shirley Jackson, The Historicity of Jesus: A Criticism of the Contention That Jesus Never Lived, A Statement of the Evidence for His Existence, An Estimate of His Relation to Christianity, The University of Chicago Press: Illinois 1912.
  • Dalman, Gustaf, Jesus Christ in the Talmud, Midrash, Zohar and the Liturgy of the Synagogue, İngilizce trc.-ed. A. W. Streane, Cambridge University Press 1893.
  • Drews, Arthur, The Christ Myth, Almanca’dan İngilizce trc. C. Delisle Burns, London 1910.
  • Dunn, James D. G., Jesus Remembered, Grand Rapids: Michigan 2003.
  • Ehrman, Bart D., Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millenium, Oxford University Press 1999.
  • Eisenman, Robert, James, The Brother of Jesus: Recovering the True History of Early Christianity, London 1997.
  • El-A’zami, M. M., Vahyedilişinden Derlenişine Kur’an Tarihi: Eski ve Yeni Ahit ile Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma, Türkçe trc. Ömer Türker-Fetih Serenli, İz Yayıncılık: İstanbul 2006.
  • Dalman, Gustaf, Jesus Christ in the Talmud, Midrash, Zohar and the Liturgy of the Synagogue, İngilizce trc.-ed. A. W. Streane, Cambridge University Press 1893.
  • Drews, Arthur, The Christ Myth, Almanca’dan İngilizce trc. C. Delisle Burns, London 1910.
  • Dunn, James D. G., Jesus Remembered, Grand Rapids: Michigan 2003.
  • Ehrman, Bart D., Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millenium, Oxford University Press 1999.
  • Eisenman, Robert, James, The Brother of Jesus: Recovering the True History of Early Christianity, London 1997.
  • El-A’zami, M. M., Vahyedilişinden Derlenişine Kur’an Tarihi: Eski ve Yeni Ahit ile Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma, Türkçe trc. Ömer Türker-Fetih Serenli, İz Yayıncılık: İstanbul 2006.
  • Evans, Craig A., “Jesus in Non-Christian Sources”, The Historical Jesus: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies, C. 4, ed. Craig A. Evans, London 2004.
  • _____ Jesus and His Contemporaries: Comparative Studies, Brill: Leiden 1995.
  • Feldman, Louis H.-Hata, Gohei (ed.), Josephus, Judaism and Christianity, Wayne State University Press: Detroit 1987.
  • Gero, Stephan, “The Stern Master and His Wayward Disciple: A ‘Jesus’ Story in the Talmud and in Christian Hagiography”, Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period, C. 25, 1994.
  • Goguel, Maurice, Jesus the Nazarene: Myth or History, İngilizce trc. Frederick Stephens, New York 1926.
  • Gowler, David B., “The Quest for the Historical Jesus: An Overview”, The Blackwell Companion to Jesus, ed. Delbert Burkett, 2011.
  • Griffith, Sidney, “Christians Under Muslim Rule”, Cambridge History of Christianity: C. III, ed. Thomas F. X. Noble–J. M. H. Smith, Cambridge University Press 2008, ss. 197-212.
  • Guenther, Alan, “Christian-Muslim Apologetics in the Abbasid Period”, McGill Journal of Middle East Studies, C. 3, 1995, ss. 1-16.
  • Habermas, Gary R., The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Jesus, College Press 1996.
  • Haider, Ghulam Aasi, Muslim Understanding of Other Religions: A Study of Ibn Hazm’s Kitab al-Fasl fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa’ wa al-Nihal, İslamabad 1999.
  • Herford, R. Travers, Christianity in Talmud and Midrash, New York.
  • Holding, James Patrick, Shattering the Christ Myth: Did Jesus Not Exist, USA 2008.
  • Hoyland, Robert, Seeing Islam As Others Saw It, A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam, Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, The Darwin Press: Princeton-New Jersey 1997.
  • Instone-Brewer, David, “Jesus of Nazareth’s Trial in the Uncensored Talmud”, Tyndale Bulletin, 62, 2011.
  • Iosephus, Flavius, Antiquites of Jews, İngilizce trc: William Whiston, Yorum: Paul L. Maier, Grand Rapids 1999.
  • Johnson, Paul, Yahudi Tarihi, Türkçe trc. Filiz Orman, Pozitif Yayınları, İstanbul, tarihsiz.
  • Justin (Martyr) (Şehit Iustinos), “Dialogue with Trypho, the Jew”, Ante Nicene Fathers, C. 1, ed. Philip Schaff, Edinburgh 1867 (yeniden basım 2001).
  • Kanca, Hatice Koç, Hıristiyan ve İslami Kaynaklardan Hareketle Yeni Bir İslami Kristoloji Denemesi, Basılmamış Tez Çalışması, Samsun 2013.
  • Kaplan, İbrahim, “Erken Dönemde Hıristiyan Karşıtı Söylemin Ortaya Çıkmasını Hazırlayan Sebepler”, Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 47: 2, 2006, ss. 165-183.
  • _____ Erken Dönem Müslüman-Hıristiyan İlişkileri, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Danışman: Şaban Ali Kuzgun, Ankara 2006.
  • Köstenberger, Andreas J.-Kellum, L. Scott-Quarles, Charles L., The Cradle, The Cross and The Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament, Nashville: B & H Academic 2009.
  • Liable, Heinrich, Jesus Christ in the Talmud, İngilizce trc. A. W. Streane, Cambridge University Press 1893.
  • Lüdemann, Gerd, Heretics: The Other Side of Early Christianity, Stuttgart 1995, İngilizce trc. John Bowden, Kentucky 1996.
  • Maccoby, Hyam, Judaism on Trial: Jewish-Christian Disputations in the Middle Ages, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press 1982.
  • Olson, Ken, “A Eusebian Reading of the Testimonium Flavianum”, Eusebius of Caesarea: Tradition and Innovations, ed. Aaron Johnson- Jeremy Scott, Harvard University Press 2013, ss. 97-114.
  • Origenes, “Contra Celsum”, Ante Nicene Fathers, C. 4. ed. Philip Schaff, 1885.
  • Pagels, Elaine, The Gnostic Gospels, Vintage: New York 1989.
  • Parkes, James, The Conflict of Church and the Synagogue: A Study in the Origins of Antisemitism, New York 1964.
  • Pick, Bernhard, “The Followers of Jesus in the Talmud”, Monist, 20, 1910.
  • _____ “The Personality of Jesus in the Talmud”, Monist, C. 20, 1910.
  • Powell, Mark Allan, Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee, Louisville: Westminster: John Knox 1998.
  • Pritz, Ray A., Nazarene Jewish Christianity: From the End of the New Testament Period Until Its Disappearance in the Fourth Century, Brill: Jerusalem-Leiden 1988.
  • Riesner, Rainer, “Jesus As Preacher and Teacher”, Jesus and the Oral Gospel Tradition, ed. Henry Wansbrough, Sheffield 1991.
  • Rubenstein, Jeffrey L., Rabbinic Stories, Paulist Press: New Jersey 2002.
  • Schafer, Peter, Jesus in the Talmud, Princeton University Press 2007.
  • Schonfield, Hugh, According to the Hebrews. A New Translation of the Jewish Life of Jesus, the Toldoth Jeshu, with an Inquiry Into the Nature of Its Sources and Special Relationship to the Lost Gospel According to the Hebrews, London 1937.
  • Stanton, Graham N., The Gospels and Jesus, Oxford University Press 1989.
  • Strack, Herman L., Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash, 5. Almanca basımın İngilizce trc, Philadelphia 1931.
  • Thomas, David–Mallett, Alex (ed.), Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, Brill: Leiden-Boston 2013.
  • Toprak, Mehmet Sait, Talmud ve Hadis: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma, Kabalcı Yayınları: İstanbul 2012.
  • Unterman, Isaac, The Talmud: An Analytical Guide to its History and Teachings, New York: Bloch Publishing Company 1971.
  • Varner, William, “On the Trail of Trypho: Two Fragmentary Jewish-Christian Dialogues From the Ancient Churches”, Christian Origins and Hellenistic Judaism: Social and Literary Context for the New Testament, ed. Stanley E. Porter & Andrew W. Pitts, Brill: Leiden-Boston 2013.
  • Wells, George Albert, Did Jesus Exist?, London: Pemberton 1986.
  • _____ The Jesus Legend, Open Court 1996.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zafer Duygu

Publication Date July 25, 2017
Submission Date March 8, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Duygu, Z. (2017). Nasıralı İsa’nın Erken Dönem Yahudi Literatüründeki İzlerine Dair Modern Değerlendirmeler. Mukaddime, 8(1), 155-172. https://doi.org/10.19059/mukaddime.296788

Cited By

Talmud Geleneğinde İsa’nın İz Düşümleri
Şırnak Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
Kenan HAS
https://doi.org/10.35415/sirnakifd.713506