Research Article
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Year 2020, , 198 - 226, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.773604

Abstract

References

  • Ak, Coşkun. (1987). Muhibbî Dîvânı (Divan of Muhibbi). Ankara: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism Publications.
  • Akses, Necil Kazım. (1950). “Musikimize Dair Bazı Düşünceler” (Some Thoughts about Our Music). Filarmoni, 2(22): 4, 12.
  • Akses, Necil Kazım. (1971). Ballade / Orkestra için Partitur (Ballade / Partiture for Orchestra). [Musical score]. Ankara: State Conservatory Publications.
  • Altınbilek, Cemil; Kırım, Ahmet and Gözkân, M. Hâlit. (2010). Hoca Câhit Gözkân’ın Mûsıkî Mîrâsı / Kütük ve Defterler - Cilt 1: Kütük (Musical Heritage of Mr. Cahit Gözkan / Data Set and Copybooks - Vol. 1: Data Set). Istanbul: Kubbealtı Publication.
  • Arda, Fahrettin. (2011). Necil Kazim Akses - Scherzo on the Nevâ Kâr by Itri for Orchestra. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M217AwcpnSY
  • Arda, Fahrettin. (2012). Necil Kazim Akses - Ballade (for orchestra). [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cityHeqBX8s
  • Arel, Hüseyin Sâdeddin. (1968). Türk Musikisi Nazariyatı Dersleri (Lessons in Turkish Music Theory). Istanbul: Hüsnütabiat Matbaası.
  • Aydın, Yılmaz. (1999). “Akses’i anarken / Necil Kâzım Akses’in besteciliği” (Commemorating Akses / Necil Kazım Akses as a Composer). Orkestra, 37(298): 27-33.
  • Başeğmezler, Nejat. (1993). Necil Kâzım Akses’e Armağan (Memorial Book to Necil Kazım Akses). Ankara: Sevda-Cenap And Music Foundation Publications.
  • Bayraktarkatal, M. Ertuğrul and Güray, Cenk. (in press). “Proposing a “Makâm Model” Based on Melodic Nuclei. “The Examples of Hüseynî and Uşşâk Families: Hüseynî, Gülizâr, Muhayyer, Uşşâk, Bayâti, Nevâ””. Analytical Approaches to World Music (AAWM) Journal.
  • Bennett, Roy. (1995). Music Dictionary. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Birkan, Üner. (1999). “Beşler”in sonuncusu: Akses” (The Last One of the Turkish Five). Orkestra, 37(298): 17-22.
  • Deniz, Ünsal. (2016). Millî Mûsiki ve Türk Beşleri (National Music and the Turkish Five). Ankara: Gece Publishing.
  • Devlet Opera ve Tiyatrosu. (1948). “Necil Kâzım Akses, Ballade”. Program Note, 6.
  • “Devlet Tiyatro ve Opera binası dün akşam açıldı” (The building of the State Theater and Opera was opened last evening). (1948, April 3). Ulus, 1, 3.
  • Ebcioğlu, Hikmet Münir. (1948, August 8). “Bir Türk bestekârı ile mülâkat” (An interview with a Turkish composer). Ulus, 4.
  • Ediboğlu, Baki Süha. (1945). “Necil Kâzım Akses / Ankara Kalesi Bestekârı” (Necil Kazım Akses / The Composer of the Ankara Castle). Radyo, 4(38): 15.
  • Ezgi, Suphi. (1935). Nazarî, Amelî Türk Musikisi - Cilt II (Theoretical and Practical Turkish Classical Music - Vol. II) . Istanbul: Kâatçılık ve Matbaacılık Corporation.
  • Ferahfeza Birşab. (2014). Münir Nurettin Selçuk Nevâ Kar. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Tf_PZbZGrE
  • Gizli, Orhan. (1989). Devlet Sanatçıları / Necil Kâzım Akses [TV Program] (The State Artists / Necil Kazım Akses). Ankara: TRT (Turkish Radio and Television).
  • Göğüş, Tuğrul. (1993). “Necil Kazım Akses’in Yaratıları Üzerine Yapılmış Bazı Açıklamalar ile Çözümlemeler ve Sonuç” (Some Statements and Analyses on the Works of Necil Kazım Akses; and a Conclusion). Orkestra, 33(235): 28-53.
  • Gölpınarlı, Abdülbâki. (1992). Alevî - Bektâşî Nefesleri (Alevi - Bektashi Folk Songs). Istanbul: İnkılâp Publications.
  • İlyasoğlu, Evin. (1998). Necil Kâzım Akses / Minyatürden Destana Bir Yolculuk (Necil Kazım Akses / A Journey from Miniature to Epos). Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Culture and Art Publications.
  • Karadeniz, M. Ekrem. (n.d.). Türk Musikîsinin Nazariye ve Esasları (The Theory and Essential Elements of Turkish Classical Music). Istanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Cultural Publications.
  • Kosal, Cüneyd. (1987). Nevâ Kâr [Manuscript]. Retrieved from http://www.sanatmuziginotalari.com/%5CBelgelerim%5Cnotam%5CN%5CNeva%5Cneva0048c.tif
  • “Modern Türk musikisinin mânası” (The meaning of the Modern Turkish Music). (1950, February 13). Vatan, 3.
  • Mouzafphaerre. (2011). Necil Kâzım Akses - Bir divandan gazel (Necil Kazım Akses - Ghazal from a Divan). [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTYoQvkVRE4
  • Nattiez, Jean-Jacques. (1990). Music and Discourse / Toward a Semiology of Music (Abbate, Carolyn, Trans.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [Original work published 1987]
  • Odeon Türkiye. (2016). Zeki Müren - Hem Okudum Hem De Yazdım (Taş Plak Arşivi) (Zeki Müren - I have both read and written (Gramophone Record Archive)). [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XutbxRrBSNg
  • Özalp, M. Nazmi. (1992). Türk Mûsikîsi Beste Formları (Composition Forms of Turkish Classical Music). Ankara: TRT General Secretariat Printing and Publishing Directorate Publications.
  • Özalp, M. Nazmi. (2000). Türk Mûsikîsi Tarihi - I. Cilt (The History of Turkish Classical Music - Vol. I). Istanbul: Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education Publications.
  • Özkan, İsmail Hakkı. (2006). Türk Mûsıkîsi Nazariyatı ve Usûlleri / Kudüm Velveleleri (The Theory and Rhythms of Turkish Classical Music / Rhythmic Structures of Kudum). Istanbul: Ötüken Publication.
  • Özkoç, Önder. (2013). “Necil Kâzım Akses ve Itrî’nin Nevâ Kâr’ı Üzerine Scherzo” (Necil Kazı Akses and Scherzo on Itri’s Neva Kar). Ayvaz, Emre and Baliç, İlkay (Eds.). Itrî ve Dönemine Disiplinlerarası Bakışlar Sempozyumu Kitabı (Symposium Book of Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Itrî and His Period) (pp. 105-115). Istanbul: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts.
  • Rauf Yekta. (1933). İstanbul Konservatuvarı Neşriyatı / Türk Musikisi Klasiklerinden Beşinci Cilt / Bektaşi Nefesleri II (Publications of Istanbul Conservatory / The Classics of Turkish Classical Music, Vol. 5 / The Bektashi Folk Songs II). Istanbul: Feniks Press.
  • Rauf Yekta Bey. (1986). Türk Musikisi (Turkish Classical Music). Orhan Nasuhioğlu (trans.). Istanbul: Pan Publications.
  • Refiğ, Gülper. (2012). Necil Kâzım Akses. Istanbul: MSGSÜ Publications.
  • Salgar, Fatih. (2004). Dede Efendi / Hayatı-Sanatı-Eserleri (Dede Efendi / His Life, Art and Works). Istanbul: Ötüken Publication.
  • Şimşek, Hikmet. (1999). “Beş yapraklı yonca’nın son yaprağı da uçtu…” (Akses Hoca’nın ardından) (The last leaf of five-leaf clover flew away... (in memory of Mr. Akses)). Orkestra, 37(298): 4-9.
  • TRT [Turkish Radio and Television]. (2006). Türk Sanat Müziği Saz Eserleri -1- (Instrumental Works of Turkish Classical Music -1-). Ankara: Music Department Publications.
  • Turhan, Salih. (1999). Anadolu Halk Türküleri ve Ezgileri (Anatolian Folk Songs and Melodies). Ankara: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture Publications.
  • Uğur, Yasin Oğuzhan. (2014). Bekir Sıdkı Sezgin - Önüme Bir Cebel Düştü (Bekir Sıdkı Sezgin – I Came Across a Mountain). [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPRuPJx6jcQ

Traditional References of the Modern Ballade by Akses

Year 2020, , 198 - 226, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.773604

Abstract

The pioneer composers of contemporary classical music in the Republic of Turkey (aka Contemporary Turkish Music) created their first musical compositions by incorporating some of the components of traditional Turkish music — scale, rhythm, motif, and style — and abstracted forms thereof. The Ballade, a one-part orchestral piece dating back to 1947, composed by one of the first-generation composers, Necil Kazım Akses, is an example of this approach to composition. Both the concert program notes and various concert criticisms give an idea about the structures of traditional Turkish music in the Ballade. However, the Ballade, as an example of programmatic music, requires a more detailed analysis, especially in terms of motif and rhythm. In this study, which aims to establish the connection between the composition at hand and primarily traditional Turkish music, I examine the composition in terms of rhythm, motif, scale, and style, and the findings are correlated with the original structures of traditional Turkish music. The findings showed that Akses used rhythmic (usûl) abstractions in his work more than the modal (maqam) structures. When examining the modal structure of the work, I also detected that the composer preferred to abstract the motifs exhibited by the maqams, instead of abstracting the maqam structures directly. The study especially reveals Akses’s creative approach to motivic abstraction, with the explanation of how the basic motif of Ballade was created.

References

  • Ak, Coşkun. (1987). Muhibbî Dîvânı (Divan of Muhibbi). Ankara: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism Publications.
  • Akses, Necil Kazım. (1950). “Musikimize Dair Bazı Düşünceler” (Some Thoughts about Our Music). Filarmoni, 2(22): 4, 12.
  • Akses, Necil Kazım. (1971). Ballade / Orkestra için Partitur (Ballade / Partiture for Orchestra). [Musical score]. Ankara: State Conservatory Publications.
  • Altınbilek, Cemil; Kırım, Ahmet and Gözkân, M. Hâlit. (2010). Hoca Câhit Gözkân’ın Mûsıkî Mîrâsı / Kütük ve Defterler - Cilt 1: Kütük (Musical Heritage of Mr. Cahit Gözkan / Data Set and Copybooks - Vol. 1: Data Set). Istanbul: Kubbealtı Publication.
  • Arda, Fahrettin. (2011). Necil Kazim Akses - Scherzo on the Nevâ Kâr by Itri for Orchestra. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M217AwcpnSY
  • Arda, Fahrettin. (2012). Necil Kazim Akses - Ballade (for orchestra). [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cityHeqBX8s
  • Arel, Hüseyin Sâdeddin. (1968). Türk Musikisi Nazariyatı Dersleri (Lessons in Turkish Music Theory). Istanbul: Hüsnütabiat Matbaası.
  • Aydın, Yılmaz. (1999). “Akses’i anarken / Necil Kâzım Akses’in besteciliği” (Commemorating Akses / Necil Kazım Akses as a Composer). Orkestra, 37(298): 27-33.
  • Başeğmezler, Nejat. (1993). Necil Kâzım Akses’e Armağan (Memorial Book to Necil Kazım Akses). Ankara: Sevda-Cenap And Music Foundation Publications.
  • Bayraktarkatal, M. Ertuğrul and Güray, Cenk. (in press). “Proposing a “Makâm Model” Based on Melodic Nuclei. “The Examples of Hüseynî and Uşşâk Families: Hüseynî, Gülizâr, Muhayyer, Uşşâk, Bayâti, Nevâ””. Analytical Approaches to World Music (AAWM) Journal.
  • Bennett, Roy. (1995). Music Dictionary. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Birkan, Üner. (1999). “Beşler”in sonuncusu: Akses” (The Last One of the Turkish Five). Orkestra, 37(298): 17-22.
  • Deniz, Ünsal. (2016). Millî Mûsiki ve Türk Beşleri (National Music and the Turkish Five). Ankara: Gece Publishing.
  • Devlet Opera ve Tiyatrosu. (1948). “Necil Kâzım Akses, Ballade”. Program Note, 6.
  • “Devlet Tiyatro ve Opera binası dün akşam açıldı” (The building of the State Theater and Opera was opened last evening). (1948, April 3). Ulus, 1, 3.
  • Ebcioğlu, Hikmet Münir. (1948, August 8). “Bir Türk bestekârı ile mülâkat” (An interview with a Turkish composer). Ulus, 4.
  • Ediboğlu, Baki Süha. (1945). “Necil Kâzım Akses / Ankara Kalesi Bestekârı” (Necil Kazım Akses / The Composer of the Ankara Castle). Radyo, 4(38): 15.
  • Ezgi, Suphi. (1935). Nazarî, Amelî Türk Musikisi - Cilt II (Theoretical and Practical Turkish Classical Music - Vol. II) . Istanbul: Kâatçılık ve Matbaacılık Corporation.
  • Ferahfeza Birşab. (2014). Münir Nurettin Selçuk Nevâ Kar. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Tf_PZbZGrE
  • Gizli, Orhan. (1989). Devlet Sanatçıları / Necil Kâzım Akses [TV Program] (The State Artists / Necil Kazım Akses). Ankara: TRT (Turkish Radio and Television).
  • Göğüş, Tuğrul. (1993). “Necil Kazım Akses’in Yaratıları Üzerine Yapılmış Bazı Açıklamalar ile Çözümlemeler ve Sonuç” (Some Statements and Analyses on the Works of Necil Kazım Akses; and a Conclusion). Orkestra, 33(235): 28-53.
  • Gölpınarlı, Abdülbâki. (1992). Alevî - Bektâşî Nefesleri (Alevi - Bektashi Folk Songs). Istanbul: İnkılâp Publications.
  • İlyasoğlu, Evin. (1998). Necil Kâzım Akses / Minyatürden Destana Bir Yolculuk (Necil Kazım Akses / A Journey from Miniature to Epos). Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Culture and Art Publications.
  • Karadeniz, M. Ekrem. (n.d.). Türk Musikîsinin Nazariye ve Esasları (The Theory and Essential Elements of Turkish Classical Music). Istanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Cultural Publications.
  • Kosal, Cüneyd. (1987). Nevâ Kâr [Manuscript]. Retrieved from http://www.sanatmuziginotalari.com/%5CBelgelerim%5Cnotam%5CN%5CNeva%5Cneva0048c.tif
  • “Modern Türk musikisinin mânası” (The meaning of the Modern Turkish Music). (1950, February 13). Vatan, 3.
  • Mouzafphaerre. (2011). Necil Kâzım Akses - Bir divandan gazel (Necil Kazım Akses - Ghazal from a Divan). [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTYoQvkVRE4
  • Nattiez, Jean-Jacques. (1990). Music and Discourse / Toward a Semiology of Music (Abbate, Carolyn, Trans.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [Original work published 1987]
  • Odeon Türkiye. (2016). Zeki Müren - Hem Okudum Hem De Yazdım (Taş Plak Arşivi) (Zeki Müren - I have both read and written (Gramophone Record Archive)). [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XutbxRrBSNg
  • Özalp, M. Nazmi. (1992). Türk Mûsikîsi Beste Formları (Composition Forms of Turkish Classical Music). Ankara: TRT General Secretariat Printing and Publishing Directorate Publications.
  • Özalp, M. Nazmi. (2000). Türk Mûsikîsi Tarihi - I. Cilt (The History of Turkish Classical Music - Vol. I). Istanbul: Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education Publications.
  • Özkan, İsmail Hakkı. (2006). Türk Mûsıkîsi Nazariyatı ve Usûlleri / Kudüm Velveleleri (The Theory and Rhythms of Turkish Classical Music / Rhythmic Structures of Kudum). Istanbul: Ötüken Publication.
  • Özkoç, Önder. (2013). “Necil Kâzım Akses ve Itrî’nin Nevâ Kâr’ı Üzerine Scherzo” (Necil Kazı Akses and Scherzo on Itri’s Neva Kar). Ayvaz, Emre and Baliç, İlkay (Eds.). Itrî ve Dönemine Disiplinlerarası Bakışlar Sempozyumu Kitabı (Symposium Book of Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Itrî and His Period) (pp. 105-115). Istanbul: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts.
  • Rauf Yekta. (1933). İstanbul Konservatuvarı Neşriyatı / Türk Musikisi Klasiklerinden Beşinci Cilt / Bektaşi Nefesleri II (Publications of Istanbul Conservatory / The Classics of Turkish Classical Music, Vol. 5 / The Bektashi Folk Songs II). Istanbul: Feniks Press.
  • Rauf Yekta Bey. (1986). Türk Musikisi (Turkish Classical Music). Orhan Nasuhioğlu (trans.). Istanbul: Pan Publications.
  • Refiğ, Gülper. (2012). Necil Kâzım Akses. Istanbul: MSGSÜ Publications.
  • Salgar, Fatih. (2004). Dede Efendi / Hayatı-Sanatı-Eserleri (Dede Efendi / His Life, Art and Works). Istanbul: Ötüken Publication.
  • Şimşek, Hikmet. (1999). “Beş yapraklı yonca’nın son yaprağı da uçtu…” (Akses Hoca’nın ardından) (The last leaf of five-leaf clover flew away... (in memory of Mr. Akses)). Orkestra, 37(298): 4-9.
  • TRT [Turkish Radio and Television]. (2006). Türk Sanat Müziği Saz Eserleri -1- (Instrumental Works of Turkish Classical Music -1-). Ankara: Music Department Publications.
  • Turhan, Salih. (1999). Anadolu Halk Türküleri ve Ezgileri (Anatolian Folk Songs and Melodies). Ankara: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture Publications.
  • Uğur, Yasin Oğuzhan. (2014). Bekir Sıdkı Sezgin - Önüme Bir Cebel Düştü (Bekir Sıdkı Sezgin – I Came Across a Mountain). [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPRuPJx6jcQ
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Music
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İsmet Karadeniz 0000-0003-1530-2506

Publication Date December 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Karadeniz, İ. (2020). Traditional References of the Modern Ballade by Akses. Musicologist, 4(2), 198-226. https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.773604