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Svan Funeral Dirges (Zär): Cultural Context

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 133 - 165, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.906765

Abstract

This article is a companion paper to Scherbaum and Mzhavanadze (2020), Mzhavanadze and Scherbaum (2020) and Scherbaum and Mzhavanadze (2021). Together they describe the results of an interdisciplinary study of the three-part funeral dirge of Svan zär (‘zari’ in Georgian). In the present paper, we provide all the contextual (ethnographic, ethnological, historical) data that we collected from various written and/or oral sources and then processed and organized in a comprehensible way to help the reader better understand this unique phenomenon. We believe that in order to help answer the basic question of ‘how zärs work,’ the results of the acoustical, musicological, and phonetic (as well as language-music interface) analyses in the other three articles must be interpreted through an understanding of the full context of this unique cultural behavior.

Thus, not only did we collect and integrate all the related data and review the literature, but we also raise and discuss some problematic issues, such as, for example, the etymology of the term zär. We also offer an interpretation/description of some conflicting historical data to generate interest for its further research. In addition, we introduce the reader to some details of our field research (2015, 2016), as they may be of great importance when discussing or interpreting the results of the analyses presented in other (analytical) parts of this interdisciplinary study.

Supporting Institution

University of Potsdam

Project Number

DFG MU 2686/13-1, SCHE 280/20-1

References

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Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 133 - 165, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.906765

Abstract

Project Number

DFG MU 2686/13-1, SCHE 280/20-1

References

  • Abuladze, Ilia. (1972). Dzveli Kartuli Enis Leksik'oni (Dictionary of Old Georgian Language). Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
  • Akhobadze, Vladimer. (1956). Apkhazuri Khalkhuri Simgherebi [Abkhazian Folk Songs]. [Musical score]. Tbilisi: Tbilisi State Conservatoire.
  • Akhobadze, Vladimer. (1957). Kartuli (Svanuri) Khalkhuri Simgherebi [Georgian (Svan) Folk Songs]. [Musical Score]. Tbilisi: Teknika da Shroma.
  • Arakishvili, Dimitri. (1950). Svanuri Khalkhuri Simgherebi (Svan Folk Songs). Tbilisi: Khelovneba.
  • Arakishvili, Dimitri. (1954). Dasavlet sakartvelos khalkhur simgherata k'ilos tsq'oba (Mode structure of songs of western Georgia). Tbilisi: Khelovneba.
  • Aslanishvili, Shalva. (1954). Nark'vevebi Kartuli Khalkhuri Simgherebis Shesakheb (Essays on Georgian Folk Songs). Vol. I. Tbilisi: Khelovneba.
  • Azikuri, Nanuli. (1986). Mgosanni glovisani (Poets of Sorrow). Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
  • Azikuri, Nanuli. (2002). Khmit Nat'irlebi (Lamentation with voice). Tbilisi: Kavkasiuri sakhli.
  • Baiashvili, Ketevan. (2012). “Sitq’visa da Hangis Urtiertoba Glovis Nimushebshi” (The relationship Between a Tune and a Word in Georgian Mourning Motifs). Unpublished manuscript.
  • Bardavelidze, Vera. (1939). Svanur khalkhur Dgheobata K’alendari. Akhalts'lis Tsik’li. (Calendar of Svan folk festivals. New Year's cycle). Tbilisi: Georgian branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
  • Bardavelidze, Vera. (1941). Kartvelta udzvelesi sarts'munoebis ist'oriidan: ghvtaeba Barbar-Barbar (From the history of the ancient religion of the Georgians: the deity of Barbar-Barbar). Tbilisi: Georgian Academy of Sciences.
  • Bolle-Zemp, Sylvie. (1994). Géorgie: Polyphonies de Svanétie (Georgia: Polyphony of Svaneti). [Liner notes]. [CD]. Paris: Le Chant du Monde: Diffusiona Harmonia Mundi.
  • Bolle-Zemp, Sylvie. (1997). "Mehrstimmige Wehrufe? Ein Begräbnisgesang aus Swanetien" Georgica: (Multi-Voiced Laments? A Funeral Chant From Svaneti). Georgica. 20:134-148.
  • Bolle-Zemp, Sylvie. (2001). “Khmovnebi da Ak'ordebi. Simghera Zemo Svanetshi” (Vowels and Chords. Singing in Zemo Svaneti). Sasuliero Da Saero Musikis Mravalkhmianobis Problemebi (Problems of Polyphony in Sacred and Secular Music). Ed. Rusudan Tsurtsumia: pp. 292–303. Tbilisi: Tbilisi State Conservatoire.
  • Bray, Madge. (2011). "Echoes of the ancestors life, death and transition" Caduceus: 81:6-9.
  • Chamgeliani, Madona; Khizanishvili, Manana. (2019). Earthly and Sacred Universes (Svaneti). Ketevan Margiani (Ed.). Tbilisi: Artanuji.
  • Chartolani, Mikheil. (1977). “Svanetis Mat’erialuri da Sulieri K’ult’uris Shests’avlisatvis” (For the Study of Tengible and Spiritual Culture of Svaneti). Svaneti 1, Masalebi Mat’erialuri da Sulieri K’ult’uris Shests’avlisatvis (Materials for the Study of Tengible and Spiritual Culture), Ed. Mikhail Chartolani: pp. 6-16. Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
  • Chelidze, Gizo. (1987). Kartuli khalkhuri Drama (Georgian Folk Drama). Tbilisi: Ganatleba.
  • Chijavadze, Otar. (1991). Svanuri khalkhuri simgheris adgili kartul khalkhur shemokmedebashi (The place of Svan folk song in Georgian singing folklore). Annual Academic Work. Tbilisi: Tbilisi State Conservatoire.
  • Chimakadze, Niko. (1913). "Tavisupali Svaneti” (Free Svaneti). Dzveli Sakartvelo (Old Georgia). Ethnography: Ethnographical Esseys. Ed. Ekvtime Takaishvili: pp. 1-36. Tbilisi: Electric printer of Spiridon Losaberidze.
  • Chkhikvadze, Grigol. (1948). Kartveli Khalkhis Udzvelesi Samusik'o Kultura (Ancient Musical Culture of the Georgian People). Tbilisi: Musical Foundation of the Georgian SSR.
  • Chokhonelidze, Evsevi. (1973). “Diat’onur K'ilota Sak'itkhebisatvis Kartul Khalkhur Musik’ashi" (On Diatonic Modes in Georgian Folk Music). Sametsniero Shrombi (Scientific Works). Eds. Shaverzashvili Alexandre and Tumanishvili Ketevan: pp. 127-143. Tbilisi: Tbilisi State Conservatoire.
  • Chokhonelidze, Nineli. (2016). “Zar-Pudziani Omonimuri Tsalebis Ist'oriisatvis Kartulshi" [For the History of the Homonymous Parts With Root of "zar" in Georgian]. Arnold Chikobavas sak'itkhavebi [Studies by Arnold Chikobava]. [Paper presented at Academic Session dedicated to A. Chikobava studies on April 19-22, 2016, Tbilisi, Georgia). (pp. 78-80). Tbilisi: Arn. Chikobava Institute of Linguistics.
  • Dadwani, Platon. (1973). “Svanetis chveulebani” [Customs of Svaneti]. Etnograpiuli Tserilebi Svanetze [Ethnographic Records on Svaneti]. Tbilisi: Sabch'ota Sakartvelo.
  • Dirr, Adolf. (1914). “Neunzehn Swanische Lieder” (Statt Eines Referates.) (Nineteen Svan Songs). Anthropos, 9(3/4): 597-621. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/40443095
  • Eristov, Rapiel. (1898). Zamet'k'i o Svanet'ii (Notes on Svaneti). Tiflis: Tipografiya M. Sharadze.
  • Erkvanidze, Malkhaz. (2014). “Kartuli Saek’lesio Galobis Gadaghebis Ist’oria da Kartuli Samusik’o Sist’ema" (History of Recording Georgian Church Chants and Georgian Music System) PhD. Dissertation, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi: Georgia.
  • Firth, Raymond; Mclean, Mervyn. (2006). Tikopia Songs. Poetic and musical art of a Polypnesian people of the Solomon Islands. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gabisonia, Tamaz. (2012). “Krist'ianuli K'vali Svanur himnur simgherebshi” (Christian Traces in Svan Hymn Songs). Arhaic Elements in the Ethnic Culture of Highland Georgia. Tbilisi: Unpublished.
  • Gabliani, Egnate. (1927). Tavisupali svaneti (Free Svaneti). Tbilisi: Sakhelgami.
  • Gasviani, Geronti. (1991). Nark’vevebi Shua Sauk’uneebis Svanetis Ist’oriidan (Essays from the History of Medieval Svaneti). Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
  • Geertz, Clifford. (1973). "Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture", The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books. Retrieved from http://cscs.res.in/dataarchive/textfiles/textfile.2009-08-14.2117562205/file
  • Giorgadze, Dali. (1987). Dak’rdzalvisa da glovis ts'esebi sakartveloshi: tush-pshav-khevsuretis etnogr. masalis mikhedvit (Funeral and Mourning Rules in Georgia: According to Tush-Pshav-Khevsureti Ethnographic Material). Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
  • Goltsev, Viktor. (1933). Savane: Zapisi o Verkhney Svanetii (Savane: Records of Upper Svaneti). Moscow: Moskovskoe Tovarishchestvo Pisateley.
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There are 78 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Music
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nana Mzhavanadze 0000-0001-5726-1656

Frank Scherbaum This is me 0000-0002-5050-7331

Project Number DFG MU 2686/13-1, SCHE 280/20-1
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Mzhavanadze, N., & Scherbaum, F. (2021). Svan Funeral Dirges (Zär): Cultural Context. Musicologist, 5(2), 133-165. https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.906765