Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Orofaringeal Tulareminin Tıbbi Görüntüleme Bulguları: Görüntüleme Bulgularının Tanısal Değeri

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 10 - 15, 20.03.2019

Abstract

Francisella tularensis kaynaklı enfeksiyonlar
orofaringeal tularemi (OT) şeklinde kendini gösterebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı
baş ve boyunda görülen bu enfeksiyonun görüntüleme bulgularını tanımlamaktı.
Serolojik olarak OT tanısı almış 13 hastanın tıbbi kayıtları ve görüntüleme
tetkikleri gözden geçirildi (8 USG, 5 BT, 10 MRG ve 1 PET/BT). OT’nin (n=13)
tipik prezentasyonu konvensiyonel antibiyotik tedavisine cevap vermeyen ağrısız,
büyümüş boyun kitlesiydi. Görüntüleme tetkiklerinde elipsoid (n=2), yuvarlak
(n=9) ve şekilsiz (n=2) olmak üzere üç farklı şekilde bilateral asimetrik
lenfadenopatiler ile karşılaşıldı. Bir vakada cilde uzanım ve ciltaltı yağ
dokusunda inflamatuar çizgilenme görüldü. Lenf nodları seviye I (n=3), seviye
II (n=11), seviye III (n=6), seviye IV (n=3), parotid mesafe (n=1) ve
retrofaringeal mesafe (n=2) yerleşimliydi. USG’de izlenen lenf nodları elipsoid
(n=2) veya oval-yuvarlak (n=6) şekilliydi. Üç hastada büyük ve nekrotik lenf
nodları izlenmiş olup bu lenf nodlarının biri çevre dokuyu infiltre etmişti ve
USG’de sternokleidomastoid kasından ayırt edilemiyordu. Bir hastada USG’de lenf
nodları içerisinde kalsifikasyona bağlı belirgin ekojenite artışları kaydedildi.
İki hastada normal nodal şekilde bozulma ve ciltaltı yumuşak dokuya yayılım
mevcuttu. Lenf nodları BT ve MRG’de santral nekroz ve halkasal kontrastlanma
(n=9) , ayrıca difüzyon kısıtlanması ve 0.691 mm2x10-3 ile 0.796 mm2x10-3 arasında
olacak şekilde düşük ADC değerleri gösterdi. PET/BT ile görüntülenen bir
hastada enfekte lenf nodlarında yüksek FDG tutulumu
  (SUV=6.1) izlendi. Baş ve boyunun OT’sinde
bulgular çoğunlukla karakteristik değildir. Ancak, üst boyun seviyeleri ve
retrofaringeal mesafede halkasal kontrastlanan düşük dansiteli
lenfadenopatilerde nadir görülen cilt uzanımı, konglomerasyon ve kalsifikasyon
gibi bugluların olması OT’yi düşündürebilir. Çalışmamız bu hastalığın
saptanması ve tedavi için sınıflandırılmasında tıbbi görüntülemenin kolay bir
non-invaziv yöntem olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

References

  • 1. Dennis DT, Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, et al. Tularemia as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA. 2001; 285(21):2763–73.
  • 2. Karabay O, Yilmaz F, Gurcan S, Goksugur N. Medical image. Tularaemic cervical lymphadenopathy. N Z Med J. 2007 26;120(1248):U2403.
  • 3. Penn RL. Francisella tularensis (tularaemia). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 6th edn. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2005. p. 2674-85.
  • 4. Oztoprak N, Celebi G, Hekimoglu K, et al. Evaluation of cervical computed tomography findings in oropharyngeal tularaemia. Scand J Infect Dis. 2008;40(10):811-4.
  • 5. Coscarón Blanco E, Martín Garrido EP, González Sánchez M, García García I. Clinical study on head and neck tularemia. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2009.60(1):25-31.
  • 6. Som PM, Curtin HD, Mancuso AA. An imaging based classification for the cervical nodes designed as an adjunct to recent clinically based nodal classifications. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;125(4):388-96.
  • 7. Karadenizli A, Gurcan S, Kolayli F, Vahaboglu H. Outbreak of tularaemia in Golcuk, Turkey in 2005: report of 5 cases and an overview of the literature from Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2005;37(10):712–6.
  • 8. Jacobs RF. Tularemia. Adv Pediatr Infect Dis. 1997;12:55–69.
  • 9. Robson CD. Imaging of granulomatous lesions of the neck in children. Radiol Clin North Am. 2000;38(5):969-77.
  • 10. Kanlikama M, Gokalp A. Management of mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis. World J Surg. 1997;21(5):516–9.
  • 11. Stewart MG, Starke JR, Coker NJ. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections of the head and neck. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;120(8):873–6.

Clinical Imaging Findings of Oropharyngeal Tularemia: The Diagnostic Value of Imaging Findings

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 10 - 15, 20.03.2019

Abstract

Infection caused by Francisella tularensis may
manifest as oropharyngeal tularemia (OT). The aim of this study was to
characterize the imaging findings of this infection in the head and neck. The
medical records and imaging examinations of 13 patients with serologically
diagnosed OT were reviewed (8 US, 5 CT, 10 MRI, and 1 PET/CT).The typical
presentation of OT (n=13) was an enlarged, non-tender neck mass that was
unresponsive to conventional antibiotics. Clinical imaging tools revealed
bilateral asymmetric lymphadenopathy with three different shapes: ellipsoid
(n=2), round (n=9) and indistinct (n=2). Cutaneous extension and inflammatory
stranding of the subcutaneous fat were observed in one patient. The lymph nodes
involved level I (n=3), level II (n=11), level III (n=6), level IV (n=3), the
parotid space (n=1), and the retropharyngeal space (n=2). US revealed lymph
nodes with ellipsoid (n=2) or oval-round (n=6) shape. Three patients exhibited
large, necrotic lymph nodes; one of the lymph nodes had invaded the surrounding
tissue and could not be differentiated from the sternocleidomastoid muscle on
sonography. In one patient, sonography revealed strong echoes within the lymph
nodes due to calcifications. Loss of the normal nodal shape with spread into
the subcutaneous tissue was observed in two patients. The lymph nodes showed
central necrosis and ring enhancement (n=9) mostly in CT and MRI scans,
exhibited diffusion restriction and displayed low ADC (apparent diffusion
coefficient) values ranging from 0.691x10-3 mm2/s to 0.796x10-3 mm2/s. The one
patient who underwent PET/CT, exhibited high FDG uptake (SUV=6.1) in the
involved lymph nodes. In OT of the head and neck, most of the imaging features
are not characteristic. However, some suggestive imaging features including
low-density ring-enhancing LAP showing rare cutaneous extension, conglomeration
and calcification including in the upper neck levels and the retropharyngeal
space may be observed. Our data suggest that imaging could serve as an easy
non-invasive method for the detection and classification of this disease for
treatment planning.

References

  • 1. Dennis DT, Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, et al. Tularemia as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA. 2001; 285(21):2763–73.
  • 2. Karabay O, Yilmaz F, Gurcan S, Goksugur N. Medical image. Tularaemic cervical lymphadenopathy. N Z Med J. 2007 26;120(1248):U2403.
  • 3. Penn RL. Francisella tularensis (tularaemia). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 6th edn. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2005. p. 2674-85.
  • 4. Oztoprak N, Celebi G, Hekimoglu K, et al. Evaluation of cervical computed tomography findings in oropharyngeal tularaemia. Scand J Infect Dis. 2008;40(10):811-4.
  • 5. Coscarón Blanco E, Martín Garrido EP, González Sánchez M, García García I. Clinical study on head and neck tularemia. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2009.60(1):25-31.
  • 6. Som PM, Curtin HD, Mancuso AA. An imaging based classification for the cervical nodes designed as an adjunct to recent clinically based nodal classifications. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;125(4):388-96.
  • 7. Karadenizli A, Gurcan S, Kolayli F, Vahaboglu H. Outbreak of tularaemia in Golcuk, Turkey in 2005: report of 5 cases and an overview of the literature from Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2005;37(10):712–6.
  • 8. Jacobs RF. Tularemia. Adv Pediatr Infect Dis. 1997;12:55–69.
  • 9. Robson CD. Imaging of granulomatous lesions of the neck in children. Radiol Clin North Am. 2000;38(5):969-77.
  • 10. Kanlikama M, Gokalp A. Management of mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis. World J Surg. 1997;21(5):516–9.
  • 11. Stewart MG, Starke JR, Coker NJ. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections of the head and neck. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;120(8):873–6.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Ömer Koçak 0000-0002-0143-2206

Aslı Ayan 0000-0001-6311-1785

A.turan Ilıca 0000-0002-8701-6042

Banu Çakır This is me 0000-0002-8508-528X

Yavuz Çekli This is me 0000-0002-0925-925X

Dilek Kösehan 0000-0002-8889-7689

Serdar Karahatay This is me 0000-0002-8391-4267

Muhammet Uzun This is me 0000-0001-8669-7686

Publication Date March 20, 2019
Submission Date July 29, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Koçak, Ö., Ayan, A., Ilıca, A., Çakır, B., et al. (2019). Clinical Imaging Findings of Oropharyngeal Tularemia: The Diagnostic Value of Imaging Findings. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, 6(1), 10-15.
AMA Koçak Ö, Ayan A, Ilıca A, Çakır B, Çekli Y, Kösehan D, Karahatay S, Uzun M. Clinical Imaging Findings of Oropharyngeal Tularemia: The Diagnostic Value of Imaging Findings. MMJ. March 2019;6(1):10-15.
Chicago Koçak, Ömer, Aslı Ayan, A.turan Ilıca, Banu Çakır, Yavuz Çekli, Dilek Kösehan, Serdar Karahatay, and Muhammet Uzun. “Clinical Imaging Findings of Oropharyngeal Tularemia: The Diagnostic Value of Imaging Findings”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 6, no. 1 (March 2019): 10-15.
EndNote Koçak Ö, Ayan A, Ilıca A, Çakır B, Çekli Y, Kösehan D, Karahatay S, Uzun M (March 1, 2019) Clinical Imaging Findings of Oropharyngeal Tularemia: The Diagnostic Value of Imaging Findings. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 6 1 10–15.
IEEE Ö. Koçak, A. Ayan, A. Ilıca, B. Çakır, Y. Çekli, D. Kösehan, S. Karahatay, and M. Uzun, “Clinical Imaging Findings of Oropharyngeal Tularemia: The Diagnostic Value of Imaging Findings”, MMJ, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 10–15, 2019.
ISNAD Koçak, Ömer et al. “Clinical Imaging Findings of Oropharyngeal Tularemia: The Diagnostic Value of Imaging Findings”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 6/1 (March 2019), 10-15.
JAMA Koçak Ö, Ayan A, Ilıca A, Çakır B, Çekli Y, Kösehan D, Karahatay S, Uzun M. Clinical Imaging Findings of Oropharyngeal Tularemia: The Diagnostic Value of Imaging Findings. MMJ. 2019;6:10–15.
MLA Koçak, Ömer et al. “Clinical Imaging Findings of Oropharyngeal Tularemia: The Diagnostic Value of Imaging Findings”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2019, pp. 10-15.
Vancouver Koçak Ö, Ayan A, Ilıca A, Çakır B, Çekli Y, Kösehan D, Karahatay S, Uzun M. Clinical Imaging Findings of Oropharyngeal Tularemia: The Diagnostic Value of Imaging Findings. MMJ. 2019;6(1):10-5.