Eritrositlerde Oksidatif Stres Oluşumunda Rol Oynayan Özgül Mekanizmalar ve Koruyucu Antioksidan Sistemler

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 170 - 179, 29.12.2020

Onur Elmas , Sinem Elmas

https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.827917

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Eritrositler, kanda sayıca en fazla bulunan ve asıl görevi solunum gazlarını taşımak olan özelleşmiş hücrelerdir. Reaktif oksijen türleri, lipitlerin, nükleik asitlerin, proteinlerin, şekerlerin veya sterollerin oksidasyonuna neden olarak eritrositlerin veya öncüllerinin yapı ve işlevini bozabilir. Özellikle hücre zarlarının oksidasyonu eritrositlerde kırılganlığın artmasına ve dolayısıyla ömürlerinin kısalmasına neden olur. Eritrositler, sitoplazmalarında bulundurdukları hemoglobin sayesinde bol miktarda oksijeni bağlayabilmelerine rağmen, oksijeni enerji üretiminde kullanamazlar. Birçok dokuda oksidatif stresin asıl kaynağı mitokondri ve peroksizomlardır, ancak eritrositlerde bu organeller bulunmaz. Eritrositlerde oksidasyonu katalizleyen bu organellerin bulunmamasına rağmen, organizmada oksidatif stresten en fazla etkilenen hücrelerin başında eritrositler yer almaktadır. Eritrositlerde meydana gelen oksidatif stresin temelini içerdikleri hemoglobin ve demir atomu oluşturur. Bu derlemede, eritrositlerin maruz kaldığı özgül oksidatif stres mekanizmalarının, hücrede meydana gelen değişikliklerin ve bu stresi alt edebilecek hücre içi koruyucu sistemlerin neler olduğu sistematik olarak tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Eritrosit, Kırmızı Kan Hücresi, Oksidatif Stres

Specific Mechanisms and Protective Antioxidant Systems Playing Role in Occurring Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes

Abstract

Erythrocytes are specialized cells that are the most abundant in the blood and whose main task is to carry respiratory gases. Reactive oxygen species can disrupt the structure and the function of erythrocytes or their precursors by causing oxidation of lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, or sterols. In particular, oxidation of cell membranes causes increased fragility in erythrocytes and thus shortening their lifespan. Erythrocytes, despite their ability to bind abundant oxygen due to the hemoglobin they contain in their cytoplasm, they cannot use oxygen in energy production. The main source of oxidative stress in many tissues are mitochondrias and peroxisomes, but these organelles are not found in erythrocytes. Despite the absence of these organelles catalyzing oxidation in erythrocytes, erythrocytes are at the head of the cells most affected by oxidative stress in the organism. The basis of oxidative stress occurring in erythrocytes are hemoglobins and iron atoms. In this review, the specific oxidative stress mechanisms that erythrocytes are exposed to, the changes that occur in the cells, and the intracellular protective systems that can overcome this stress are systematically discussed.

Keywords

Erythrocyte, Oxidative Stress, Red Blood Cell

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