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Yutma Rehabilitasyonunda Kullanılan Postüral Teknik Uygulamaları: Bir Derleme Çalışması

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 189 - 196, 28.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1665357

Abstract

Yutma bozukluğu, yutma mekanizmasının herhangi bir evresinde oluşan bozulmalar veya anormallikler sonucu oluşan bir durum olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yutma rehabilitasyonunda; hava yolu koruma teknikleri, duyusal uyarım yöntemleri, egzersiz yaklaşımları, manuel teknikler, davranışsal terapi yaklaşımları, bakım veren eğitimi, telerehabilitasyon kullanılmaktadır. Hava yolu korumada en sık kullanılan terapötik ve kompanse edici yöntemlerden biri de postüral tekniklerdir. Postüral tekniklerin amacı, yutma anatomisi veya fizyolojisinde kısa süreli değişikliklerle bolus akış hızı ve yönünü değiştirerek yutmanın etkinliğini ve güvenliğini sağlamaktır veya arttırmaktır. Postüral teknikler, tanımlanmış protokollerle egzersizler olarak kullanılabilir ve hastalara rehabilitasyonun farklı evrelerinde tanıtılabilir. Postüral teknikler, hastanın ihtiyacına göre kalıntıyı azaltma, gıda akış yönünü sağlam tarafa değiştirme, gıda iletimini sağlama, aspirasyonu azaltma veya engelleme gibi amaçlarla kullanılabilir ve her hastada farklı sonuçlara yol açabilir. Postüral tekniklerin yutma rehabilitasyonundaki yeri ve önemini anlamak için farklı patolojilerde ve durumlarda nasıl çalıştıklarına dair gelecekteki çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Bu derlemenin amacı, postüral tekniklerin önemini güncel literatür ışığında vurgulamak ve gelecekteki çalışmalara fikir vermektir.

References

  • Speyer R. Behavioural treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia. In: Ekberg O, editor. Dysphagia: Diagnosis and Treatment 2nd edn. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 669-83. 2012.
  • McCarty EB, Chao TN. Dysphagia and swallowing disorders. Medical Clinics. 2021;105(5):939-54.
  • Easterling C. Rehabilitative Treatment. In: Shaker R, Belafsky PC, Postma GN, Easterling C. editors. Principles of Deglutition: A Multidisciplinary Text for Swallowing and its Disorders. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 799–808. 2013.
  • Park BH, Seo JH, Ko MH, et. al. Effect of 45 degrees reclining sitting posture on swallowing in patients with dysphagia. Yonsei Med J. 2013;54(5):1137-42.
  • Park JS, Hwang NK. Chin tuck against resistance exercise for dysphagia rehabilitation: A systematic review. J Oral Rehabil. 2021;48(8):968-77.
  • Debucean D, Mihaiu J, Maghiar AM, et al. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Swallowing Rehabilitation in Patients with Forward Head Posture. Medicina. 2023;59(9):1580.
  • Chu ECP, Lo FS, Bhaumik A. Plausible impact of forward head posture on upper cervical spine stability. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(5):2517-20.
  • Cuccia A, Caradonna C. The relationship between the stomatognathic system and body posture. Clinics. 2009;64(1):61-6.
  • Bolmont B, Gangloff P, Vouriot A, et al. Mood states and anxiety influence abilities to maintain balance control in healthy human subjects. Neurosci Lett. 2002;329(1):96-100.
  • The Academy of Prosthodontics. The glossary of prosthodontic terms. J Prosthet Dent. 1987;58(5):664–710.
  • Shiino Y, Sakai S, Takeishi R, et al. Effect of body posture on involuntary swallow in healthy volunteers. Physiology & Behavior. 2016;155:250-9.
  • Lund P, Nishiyama T, Moller E. Postural activity in the muscles of mastication with the subject upright, inclined, and supine. Scand J Dent Res. 1970;78(5):417-24.
  • Moller E, Sheik-Ol-Eslam A, Lous I. Deliberate relaxation of the temporal and masseter muscles in subjects with functional disorders of the chewing apparatus. Scand J Dent Res. 1971;79(7):478-82.
  • Johnsson F, Shaw D, Gabb M, et al. Influence of gravity and body position on normal oropharyngeal swallowing. Am J Physiol. 1995;269(5 Pt 1):G653-8.
  • Tamura F, Kikutani T, Tohara T, et al. Tongue thickness relates to nutritional status in the elderly. Dysphagia. 2012;27:556-61.
  • Feng X, Todd T, Lintzenich CR, et al. Aging-related geniohyoid muscle atrophy is related to aspiration status in healthy older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2013;68(7):853-60.
  • Wakabayashi H. Presbyphagia and Sarcopenic Dysphagia: Association between Aging, Sarcopenia, and Deglutition Disorders. The Journal of frailty & aging. 2014;3(2):97-103.
  • Alghadir AH, Zafar H, Al-Eisa ES, et al. Effect of posture on swallowing. Afr Health Sci. 2017;17(1):133-7.
  • Jeon YH, Cho KH, Park SJ. Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) Plus Upper Cervical Spine Mobilization on Forward Head Posture and Swallowing Function in Stroke Patients with Dysphagia. Brain Sci. 2020;10(8).
  • Bordoni B, Marelli F, Morabito B. The tongue after whiplash: case report and osteopathic treatment. Int Med Case Rep J. 2016;9:179-82.
  • Castro HA, Resende LA, Berzin F, et al. Electromyographic analysis of the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric muscle in tongue and head movements. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 1999;9(3):229-32.
  • Martinez-Mihi V, Silvestre FJ, Orellana LM, et al. Resting position of the head and malocclusion in a group of patients with cerebral palsy. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014;6(1):e1-6.
  • Bordoni B, Morabito B, Mitrano R, et al. The Anatomical Relationships of the Tongue with the Body System. Cureus. 2018;10(12):e3695.
  • Verma S, Shaikh J, Mahato RK, et al. Prevalence of forward head posture among 12-16 year old school going students: A cross sectional study. Applied Medical Research. 2018;4(2):18-21.
  • Papadopoulou S, Exarchakos G, Beris A, et al. Dysphagia associated with cervical spine and postural disorders. Dysphagia. 2013;28(4):469-80.
  • Rogus-Pulia N, Robbins J. Approaches to the rehabilitation of dysphagia in acute poststroke patients. Semin Speech Lang. 2013;34(3):154-69.
  • Ashford J, McCabe D, Wheeler-Hegland K, et al. Evidence-based systematic review: Oropharyngeal dysphagia behavioral treatments. Part III--impact of dysphagia treatments on populations with neurological disorders. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development. 2009;46(2).
  • Bernhard A, Pohl D, Fried M, et al. Influence of bolus consistency and position on esophageal high-resolution manometry findings. Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53(5):1198-205.
  • Tutuian R, Elton JP, Castell DO, et al. Effects of position on oesophageal function: studies using combined manometry and multichannel intraluminal impedance. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2003;15(1):63-7.
  • Ohmae Y, Karaho T, Hanyu Y, et al. Effect of posture strategies on preventing aspiration. Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 1997;100(2):220-6.
  • Groher ME, Crary MA. Dysphagia: Clinical Management in Adults and Children 2nd edn. Elsevier Health Sciences; pp. 187-206, 2015.
  • Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, Pauloski BR, et al. Effects of postural change on aspiration in head and neck surgical patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;110(2):222-7.
  • Rasley A, Logemann JA, Kahrilas PJ, et al. Prevention of barium aspiration during videofluoroscopic swallowing studies: value of change in posture. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;160(5):1005-9.
  • Shiino Y, Sakai S, Takeishi R, et al. Effect of body posture on involuntary swallow in healthy volunteers. Physiol Behav. 2016;155:250-9.
  • Moon IY, Yi CH, Park IW, et al. Effects of sitting posture and bolus volume on activation of swallowing-related muscles. J Oral Rehabil. 2020;47(5):577-83.
  • Inagaki D, Miyaoka Y, Ashida I, et al. Influence of food properties and body posture on durations of swallowing-related muscle activities. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35(9):656-63.
  • Logemann JA. The role of the speech language pathologist in the management of dysphagia. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1988;21(4):783-8.
  • Drake W, O'Donoghue S, Bartram C, et al. Eating in side-lying facilitates rehabilitation in neurogenic dysphagia. Brain Inj. 1997;11(2):137-42.
  • Kaneoka A, Inokuchi H, Yamauchi A, et al. Utility of side-lying posture in a patient with severe dysphagia secondary to oropharyngeal cancer surgery: A single case report. Advances in Communication and Swallowing. 2022;25(1):29-36.
  • Ekberg O. Posture of the head and pharyngeal swallowing. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1986;27(6):691-6.
  • Calvo I, Sunday KL, Macrae P, et al. Effects of chin-up posture on the sequence of swallowing events. Head Neck. 2017;39(5):947-59.
  • Hanamoto H, Kadono K, Boku A, et al. Both head extension and mouth opening impair the ability to swallow in the supine position. J Oral Rehabil. 2014;41(8):588-94.
  • Hanamoto H, Togawa E, Maegawa H, et al. Mandibular advancement impairs swallowing ability more than head extension but less than mouth opening in the supine position. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):20179.
  • Young JL, Macrae P, Anderson C, et al. The Sequence of Swallowing Events During the Chin-Down Posture. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015;24(4):659-70.
  • Nagura H, Kagaya H, Inamoto Y, et al. Effects of head flexion posture in patients with dysphagia. J Oral Rehabil. 2022;49(6):627-32.
  • Ra JY, Hyun JK, Ko KR, et al. Chin tuck for prevention of aspiration: effectiveness and appropriate posture. Dysphagia. 2014;29(5):603-9.
  • Lewin JS, Hebert TM, Putnam JB Jr, et al. Experience with the chin tuck maneuver in postesophagectomy aspirators. Dysphagia. 2001 Summer;16(3):216-9.
  • Bulow M, Olsson R, Ekberg O. Supraglottic swallow, effortful swallow, and chin tuck did not alter hypopharyngeal intrabolus pressure in patients with pharyngeal dysfunction. Dysphagia. 2002;17(3):197-201.
  • Hung D, Sejdic E, Steele CM, et al. Extraction of average neck flexion angle during swallowing in neutral and chin-tuck positions. Biomed Eng Online. 2009;8:25.
  • Jestrovic I, Coyle JL, Perera S, et al. Functional connectivity patterns of normal human swallowing: difference among various viscosity swallows in normal and chin-tuck head positions. Brain Res. 2016;1652:158-69.
  • Saconato M, Chiari BM, Lederman HM, et al. Effectiveness of Chin-tuck Maneuver to Facilitate Swallowing in eurologic Dysphagia. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;20(1):13-7.
  • Ko JY, Shin DY, Kim TU, et al. Effectiveness of Chin Tuck on Laryngeal Penetration: Quantitative Assessment. Dysphagia. 2021;36(6):1054-62.
  • Oh D, Park HS, Park MW, et al. Chin-tuck assistant system (CAS)-A novel method using auditory feedback for postural maintenance in a chin-tuck maneuver: A randomized trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(13):e33257.
  • Tsukamoto Y. CT study of closure of the hemipharynx with head rotation in a case of lateral medullary syndrome. Dysphagia. 2000 Winter;15(1):17-8.
  • Ohmae Y, Ogura M, Kitahara S, et al. Effects of head rotation on pharyngeal function during normal swallow. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1998;107(4):344-8.
  • Iizumi T, Magara J, Tsujimura T, et al. Effect of body posture on chewing behaviours in healthy volunteers. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(11):835-42.
  • Seo M, Park JW. Head rotation as an effective compensatory technique for dysphagia caused by unilateral cervical osteophytes. J Int Med Res. 2022;50(8):3000605221116757.

Postural Technique Applications Used in Swallowing Rehabilitation: A Review Study

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 189 - 196, 28.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1665357

Abstract

Swallowing disorder is defined as a condition resulting from disruptions or abnormalities occurring at any phase of the swallowing mechanism. In swallowing rehabilitation; airway protection techniques, sensory stimulation methods, exercise approaches, manual techniques, behavioural therapy approaches, caregiver training, telerehabilitation are used. One of the most commonly used therapeutic and compensatory methods in airway protection is postural techniques. The aim of postural techniques is to ensure or increase the efficiency and safety of swallowing by changing the bolus flow rate and direction with short-term changes in swallowing anatomy or physiology. Postural techniques can be used as exercises with defined protocols and introduced to patients at different stages of rehabilitation. Postural techniques can be used for purposes such as reducing the residue, changing the direction of food flow to the intact side, ensuring food delivery, reducing or preventing aspiration according to the needs of the patient and may lead to different results in each patient. In order to understand the place and importance of postural techniques in swallowing rehabilitation, future studies on how they work in different pathologies and conditions are needed. The aim of this review is to emphasise the importance of postural techniques by reviewing the current literature and to provide ideas for future studies.

References

  • Speyer R. Behavioural treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia. In: Ekberg O, editor. Dysphagia: Diagnosis and Treatment 2nd edn. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 669-83. 2012.
  • McCarty EB, Chao TN. Dysphagia and swallowing disorders. Medical Clinics. 2021;105(5):939-54.
  • Easterling C. Rehabilitative Treatment. In: Shaker R, Belafsky PC, Postma GN, Easterling C. editors. Principles of Deglutition: A Multidisciplinary Text for Swallowing and its Disorders. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 799–808. 2013.
  • Park BH, Seo JH, Ko MH, et. al. Effect of 45 degrees reclining sitting posture on swallowing in patients with dysphagia. Yonsei Med J. 2013;54(5):1137-42.
  • Park JS, Hwang NK. Chin tuck against resistance exercise for dysphagia rehabilitation: A systematic review. J Oral Rehabil. 2021;48(8):968-77.
  • Debucean D, Mihaiu J, Maghiar AM, et al. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Swallowing Rehabilitation in Patients with Forward Head Posture. Medicina. 2023;59(9):1580.
  • Chu ECP, Lo FS, Bhaumik A. Plausible impact of forward head posture on upper cervical spine stability. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(5):2517-20.
  • Cuccia A, Caradonna C. The relationship between the stomatognathic system and body posture. Clinics. 2009;64(1):61-6.
  • Bolmont B, Gangloff P, Vouriot A, et al. Mood states and anxiety influence abilities to maintain balance control in healthy human subjects. Neurosci Lett. 2002;329(1):96-100.
  • The Academy of Prosthodontics. The glossary of prosthodontic terms. J Prosthet Dent. 1987;58(5):664–710.
  • Shiino Y, Sakai S, Takeishi R, et al. Effect of body posture on involuntary swallow in healthy volunteers. Physiology & Behavior. 2016;155:250-9.
  • Lund P, Nishiyama T, Moller E. Postural activity in the muscles of mastication with the subject upright, inclined, and supine. Scand J Dent Res. 1970;78(5):417-24.
  • Moller E, Sheik-Ol-Eslam A, Lous I. Deliberate relaxation of the temporal and masseter muscles in subjects with functional disorders of the chewing apparatus. Scand J Dent Res. 1971;79(7):478-82.
  • Johnsson F, Shaw D, Gabb M, et al. Influence of gravity and body position on normal oropharyngeal swallowing. Am J Physiol. 1995;269(5 Pt 1):G653-8.
  • Tamura F, Kikutani T, Tohara T, et al. Tongue thickness relates to nutritional status in the elderly. Dysphagia. 2012;27:556-61.
  • Feng X, Todd T, Lintzenich CR, et al. Aging-related geniohyoid muscle atrophy is related to aspiration status in healthy older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2013;68(7):853-60.
  • Wakabayashi H. Presbyphagia and Sarcopenic Dysphagia: Association between Aging, Sarcopenia, and Deglutition Disorders. The Journal of frailty & aging. 2014;3(2):97-103.
  • Alghadir AH, Zafar H, Al-Eisa ES, et al. Effect of posture on swallowing. Afr Health Sci. 2017;17(1):133-7.
  • Jeon YH, Cho KH, Park SJ. Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) Plus Upper Cervical Spine Mobilization on Forward Head Posture and Swallowing Function in Stroke Patients with Dysphagia. Brain Sci. 2020;10(8).
  • Bordoni B, Marelli F, Morabito B. The tongue after whiplash: case report and osteopathic treatment. Int Med Case Rep J. 2016;9:179-82.
  • Castro HA, Resende LA, Berzin F, et al. Electromyographic analysis of the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric muscle in tongue and head movements. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 1999;9(3):229-32.
  • Martinez-Mihi V, Silvestre FJ, Orellana LM, et al. Resting position of the head and malocclusion in a group of patients with cerebral palsy. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014;6(1):e1-6.
  • Bordoni B, Morabito B, Mitrano R, et al. The Anatomical Relationships of the Tongue with the Body System. Cureus. 2018;10(12):e3695.
  • Verma S, Shaikh J, Mahato RK, et al. Prevalence of forward head posture among 12-16 year old school going students: A cross sectional study. Applied Medical Research. 2018;4(2):18-21.
  • Papadopoulou S, Exarchakos G, Beris A, et al. Dysphagia associated with cervical spine and postural disorders. Dysphagia. 2013;28(4):469-80.
  • Rogus-Pulia N, Robbins J. Approaches to the rehabilitation of dysphagia in acute poststroke patients. Semin Speech Lang. 2013;34(3):154-69.
  • Ashford J, McCabe D, Wheeler-Hegland K, et al. Evidence-based systematic review: Oropharyngeal dysphagia behavioral treatments. Part III--impact of dysphagia treatments on populations with neurological disorders. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development. 2009;46(2).
  • Bernhard A, Pohl D, Fried M, et al. Influence of bolus consistency and position on esophageal high-resolution manometry findings. Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53(5):1198-205.
  • Tutuian R, Elton JP, Castell DO, et al. Effects of position on oesophageal function: studies using combined manometry and multichannel intraluminal impedance. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2003;15(1):63-7.
  • Ohmae Y, Karaho T, Hanyu Y, et al. Effect of posture strategies on preventing aspiration. Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 1997;100(2):220-6.
  • Groher ME, Crary MA. Dysphagia: Clinical Management in Adults and Children 2nd edn. Elsevier Health Sciences; pp. 187-206, 2015.
  • Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, Pauloski BR, et al. Effects of postural change on aspiration in head and neck surgical patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;110(2):222-7.
  • Rasley A, Logemann JA, Kahrilas PJ, et al. Prevention of barium aspiration during videofluoroscopic swallowing studies: value of change in posture. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;160(5):1005-9.
  • Shiino Y, Sakai S, Takeishi R, et al. Effect of body posture on involuntary swallow in healthy volunteers. Physiol Behav. 2016;155:250-9.
  • Moon IY, Yi CH, Park IW, et al. Effects of sitting posture and bolus volume on activation of swallowing-related muscles. J Oral Rehabil. 2020;47(5):577-83.
  • Inagaki D, Miyaoka Y, Ashida I, et al. Influence of food properties and body posture on durations of swallowing-related muscle activities. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35(9):656-63.
  • Logemann JA. The role of the speech language pathologist in the management of dysphagia. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1988;21(4):783-8.
  • Drake W, O'Donoghue S, Bartram C, et al. Eating in side-lying facilitates rehabilitation in neurogenic dysphagia. Brain Inj. 1997;11(2):137-42.
  • Kaneoka A, Inokuchi H, Yamauchi A, et al. Utility of side-lying posture in a patient with severe dysphagia secondary to oropharyngeal cancer surgery: A single case report. Advances in Communication and Swallowing. 2022;25(1):29-36.
  • Ekberg O. Posture of the head and pharyngeal swallowing. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1986;27(6):691-6.
  • Calvo I, Sunday KL, Macrae P, et al. Effects of chin-up posture on the sequence of swallowing events. Head Neck. 2017;39(5):947-59.
  • Hanamoto H, Kadono K, Boku A, et al. Both head extension and mouth opening impair the ability to swallow in the supine position. J Oral Rehabil. 2014;41(8):588-94.
  • Hanamoto H, Togawa E, Maegawa H, et al. Mandibular advancement impairs swallowing ability more than head extension but less than mouth opening in the supine position. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):20179.
  • Young JL, Macrae P, Anderson C, et al. The Sequence of Swallowing Events During the Chin-Down Posture. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015;24(4):659-70.
  • Nagura H, Kagaya H, Inamoto Y, et al. Effects of head flexion posture in patients with dysphagia. J Oral Rehabil. 2022;49(6):627-32.
  • Ra JY, Hyun JK, Ko KR, et al. Chin tuck for prevention of aspiration: effectiveness and appropriate posture. Dysphagia. 2014;29(5):603-9.
  • Lewin JS, Hebert TM, Putnam JB Jr, et al. Experience with the chin tuck maneuver in postesophagectomy aspirators. Dysphagia. 2001 Summer;16(3):216-9.
  • Bulow M, Olsson R, Ekberg O. Supraglottic swallow, effortful swallow, and chin tuck did not alter hypopharyngeal intrabolus pressure in patients with pharyngeal dysfunction. Dysphagia. 2002;17(3):197-201.
  • Hung D, Sejdic E, Steele CM, et al. Extraction of average neck flexion angle during swallowing in neutral and chin-tuck positions. Biomed Eng Online. 2009;8:25.
  • Jestrovic I, Coyle JL, Perera S, et al. Functional connectivity patterns of normal human swallowing: difference among various viscosity swallows in normal and chin-tuck head positions. Brain Res. 2016;1652:158-69.
  • Saconato M, Chiari BM, Lederman HM, et al. Effectiveness of Chin-tuck Maneuver to Facilitate Swallowing in eurologic Dysphagia. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;20(1):13-7.
  • Ko JY, Shin DY, Kim TU, et al. Effectiveness of Chin Tuck on Laryngeal Penetration: Quantitative Assessment. Dysphagia. 2021;36(6):1054-62.
  • Oh D, Park HS, Park MW, et al. Chin-tuck assistant system (CAS)-A novel method using auditory feedback for postural maintenance in a chin-tuck maneuver: A randomized trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(13):e33257.
  • Tsukamoto Y. CT study of closure of the hemipharynx with head rotation in a case of lateral medullary syndrome. Dysphagia. 2000 Winter;15(1):17-8.
  • Ohmae Y, Ogura M, Kitahara S, et al. Effects of head rotation on pharyngeal function during normal swallow. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1998;107(4):344-8.
  • Iizumi T, Magara J, Tsujimura T, et al. Effect of body posture on chewing behaviours in healthy volunteers. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(11):835-42.
  • Seo M, Park JW. Head rotation as an effective compensatory technique for dysphagia caused by unilateral cervical osteophytes. J Int Med Res. 2022;50(8):3000605221116757.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases, Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Review
Authors

Rabia Yıldırım 0000-0002-3062-3861

Numan Demır 0000-0001-6308-0237

Publication Date August 28, 2025
Submission Date March 25, 2025
Acceptance Date July 19, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yıldırım, R., & Demır, N. (2025). Postural Technique Applications Used in Swallowing Rehabilitation: A Review Study. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, 12(2), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1665357
AMA Yıldırım R, Demır N. Postural Technique Applications Used in Swallowing Rehabilitation: A Review Study. MMJ. August 2025;12(2):189-196. doi:10.47572/muskutd.1665357
Chicago Yıldırım, Rabia, and Numan Demır. “Postural Technique Applications Used in Swallowing Rehabilitation: A Review Study”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 12, no. 2 (August 2025): 189-96. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1665357.
EndNote Yıldırım R, Demır N (August 1, 2025) Postural Technique Applications Used in Swallowing Rehabilitation: A Review Study. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 12 2 189–196.
IEEE R. Yıldırım and N. Demır, “Postural Technique Applications Used in Swallowing Rehabilitation: A Review Study”, MMJ, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 189–196, 2025, doi: 10.47572/muskutd.1665357.
ISNAD Yıldırım, Rabia - Demır, Numan. “Postural Technique Applications Used in Swallowing Rehabilitation: A Review Study”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 12/2 (August2025), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1665357.
JAMA Yıldırım R, Demır N. Postural Technique Applications Used in Swallowing Rehabilitation: A Review Study. MMJ. 2025;12:189–196.
MLA Yıldırım, Rabia and Numan Demır. “Postural Technique Applications Used in Swallowing Rehabilitation: A Review Study”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, 2025, pp. 189-96, doi:10.47572/muskutd.1665357.
Vancouver Yıldırım R, Demır N. Postural Technique Applications Used in Swallowing Rehabilitation: A Review Study. MMJ. 2025;12(2):189-96.