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Religion Is Natural

Year 2015, , 245 - 255, 30.06.2015
https://doi.org/10.30523/mutefekkir.130257

Abstract

Despite its considerable intellectual interest and great social relevance, religion has been neglected by contemporary developmentalpsychologists. But in the last few years, there has been an emerging body of research exploring children’s grasp of certainuniversal religious ideas. Some recent findings suggest that two foundational aspects of religious belief – belief in divine agents,and belief in mind–body dualism – come naturally to young children. This research is briefly reviewed, and some future directionsare discussed.

References

  • » Astuti, R.,& Harris, P.L. (2006). Understanding mortality and, the life of the ancestors in rural Madagascar. Paper submitted for publication.
  • » Atran, S. (2004). In Gods we trust: The evolutionary landscape of religion. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • » Baker, M. (2001). The atoms of language. New York: Basic Books.
  • » Barrett, J.L. (2004). Why would anyone believe in God? Walnut Creek, CA: Altra Mira Press.
  • » Behe, M. (2005). In New York Times, Section A, 7 February, 21.
  • » Bering, J.M. (in press). The folk psychology of souls. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
  • » Bering, J.M.,& Bjorklund, D.F. (2004). The natural emergence of afterlife reasoning as a deve- lopmental regularity. Developmental Psychology, 40, 217–233.
  • » Bickerton, D. (1984). The language bioprogram hypothesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 173–221.
  • » Bloom, P. (2004). Descartes‟ baby . New York: Basic Books.
  • » Bloom, P. (2005). Is God an accident? The Atlantic, 296 (3), 105–112.
  • » Bloom, P. (2006). My brain made me do it. Journal of Culture and Cognition, 6, 209–214.
  • » Bloom, P.,& Veres, C. (1999). The perceived intentionality of groups. Cognition, 71, B1–B9.
  • » Boyer, P. (2001). Religion explained. New York: Basic Books.
  • » Boyer, P.,& Lienard, P. (in press). Why ritualized behavior? Precaution systems and action par- sing in developmental, pathological and cultural rituals. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
  • » Csibra, G., Bíró, S., Koós, O., & Gergely, G. (2003). One-yearold infants use teleological repre- sentations of actions productively. Cognitive Science, 27, 111–133.
  • » Dennett, D. (2006). Breaking the spell: Religion as a natural phenomenon. New York: Viking.
  • » Evans, E.M. (2000). Beyond scopes: why creationism is here to stay. In K. Rosengren, C. John- son, & P. Harris (Eds.), Imagining the impossible: Magical, scientific and religious thinking in children(pp. 305–331). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • » Evans, M. (2001). Cognitive and contextual factors in the emergence of diverse belief systems: creation versus evolution. Cognitive Psychology, 42, 217–266.
  • » Goldin-Meadow, S. (2005). The resilence of language. New York: Psychology Press.
  • » Gottfried, G.M., Gelman, S.A., & Schultz, H. (1999). Children‘s early understanding of the brain: from early essentialism to naïve theory. Cognitive Development, 14, 147–174.
  • » Guthrie, S.E. (1993). Faces in the clouds: A new theory of religion. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • » Harris, P.L.,& Giménez, M. (2005). Children‘s acceptance of conflicting testimony: the case of death. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 5, 143–164.
  • » Heider, F.,& Simmel, M. (1944). An experimental study of apparent behavior. American Jour- nal of Psychology, 57, 243–259.
  • » Johnson, C.N. (1990). If you had my brain, where would I be? Children‘s understanding of the brain and identity. Child Development, 61, 962–972.
  • » Kelemen, D. (2004). Are children ‗intuitive theists‘? Psychological Science, 15, 295–301.
  • » Kuhlmeier, V., Bloom, P., & Wynn, K. (2004). Do 5-month-old infants see humans as material objects? Cognition, 94, 95–103.
  • » Larson, E.J.,& Witham, L. (1998). Leading scientists still reject God. Nature, 394 (6691), 313.
  • » Lillard, A.S. (1996). Body or mind: children‘s understanding of pretense. Child Development, 67, 1717–1734.
  • » Mackie, J.L. (1984). The miracle of theism: Arguments for and against the existence of God. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • » Newman, G.E., Keil, F.C., Kuhlmeier, V.A., & Wynn, K. (under review). Infants understand that only intentional agents can create order. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • » Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct. New York: HarperCollins.
  • » Pinker, S. (1997). How the mind works. New York: Norton.
  • » Scholl, B.J.,& Tremoulet, P. (2000). Perceptual causality and animacy. Trends in Cognitive Sci- ences, 4 (8), 299–309.
  • » Senghas, A., Kita, S., & Özyürek, A. (2004). Children creating core properties of language: evi- dence from an emerging sign language in Nicaragua. Science, 305, 1779–1782.
  • » Shermer, M. (2003). How we believe: The search for God in an age of science. New York: Freeman.
  • » Siegler, R., DeLoache, J., & Eisenberg, N. (2006). How children develop (2nd edn.). New York: Worth.

Din Tabiidir

Year 2015, , 245 - 255, 30.06.2015
https://doi.org/10.30523/mutefekkir.130257

Abstract

Dikkate değer entelektüel ilgi alanı ve geniş sosyal yaygınlığına rağmen, din, çağdaş gelişim psikologları tarafından ihmal edilmiş durumdadır. Fakat son yıllarda, çocukların belli bazı evrensel dini fikirlere ilişkin kavrayışlarını araştıran, yeni ortaya çıkan bir yığın araştırma gün yüzüne çıkmış durumdadır. Bazı yeni bulgular, dini inancın iki kurucu nitelikteki bakış açılarının –ilahi aracılara/faktörlere inanç ve ruh beden düalizmine inanç- küçük çocuklara doğal bir şekilde geldiğini iddia etmektedirler. Bu araştırmada bunlar kısaca gözden geçirilip bunlara ilişkin geleceğe yönelik öneriler tartışılmaktadır.

References

  • » Astuti, R.,& Harris, P.L. (2006). Understanding mortality and, the life of the ancestors in rural Madagascar. Paper submitted for publication.
  • » Atran, S. (2004). In Gods we trust: The evolutionary landscape of religion. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • » Baker, M. (2001). The atoms of language. New York: Basic Books.
  • » Barrett, J.L. (2004). Why would anyone believe in God? Walnut Creek, CA: Altra Mira Press.
  • » Behe, M. (2005). In New York Times, Section A, 7 February, 21.
  • » Bering, J.M. (in press). The folk psychology of souls. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
  • » Bering, J.M.,& Bjorklund, D.F. (2004). The natural emergence of afterlife reasoning as a deve- lopmental regularity. Developmental Psychology, 40, 217–233.
  • » Bickerton, D. (1984). The language bioprogram hypothesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 173–221.
  • » Bloom, P. (2004). Descartes‟ baby . New York: Basic Books.
  • » Bloom, P. (2005). Is God an accident? The Atlantic, 296 (3), 105–112.
  • » Bloom, P. (2006). My brain made me do it. Journal of Culture and Cognition, 6, 209–214.
  • » Bloom, P.,& Veres, C. (1999). The perceived intentionality of groups. Cognition, 71, B1–B9.
  • » Boyer, P. (2001). Religion explained. New York: Basic Books.
  • » Boyer, P.,& Lienard, P. (in press). Why ritualized behavior? Precaution systems and action par- sing in developmental, pathological and cultural rituals. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
  • » Csibra, G., Bíró, S., Koós, O., & Gergely, G. (2003). One-yearold infants use teleological repre- sentations of actions productively. Cognitive Science, 27, 111–133.
  • » Dennett, D. (2006). Breaking the spell: Religion as a natural phenomenon. New York: Viking.
  • » Evans, E.M. (2000). Beyond scopes: why creationism is here to stay. In K. Rosengren, C. John- son, & P. Harris (Eds.), Imagining the impossible: Magical, scientific and religious thinking in children(pp. 305–331). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • » Evans, M. (2001). Cognitive and contextual factors in the emergence of diverse belief systems: creation versus evolution. Cognitive Psychology, 42, 217–266.
  • » Goldin-Meadow, S. (2005). The resilence of language. New York: Psychology Press.
  • » Gottfried, G.M., Gelman, S.A., & Schultz, H. (1999). Children‘s early understanding of the brain: from early essentialism to naïve theory. Cognitive Development, 14, 147–174.
  • » Guthrie, S.E. (1993). Faces in the clouds: A new theory of religion. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • » Harris, P.L.,& Giménez, M. (2005). Children‘s acceptance of conflicting testimony: the case of death. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 5, 143–164.
  • » Heider, F.,& Simmel, M. (1944). An experimental study of apparent behavior. American Jour- nal of Psychology, 57, 243–259.
  • » Johnson, C.N. (1990). If you had my brain, where would I be? Children‘s understanding of the brain and identity. Child Development, 61, 962–972.
  • » Kelemen, D. (2004). Are children ‗intuitive theists‘? Psychological Science, 15, 295–301.
  • » Kuhlmeier, V., Bloom, P., & Wynn, K. (2004). Do 5-month-old infants see humans as material objects? Cognition, 94, 95–103.
  • » Larson, E.J.,& Witham, L. (1998). Leading scientists still reject God. Nature, 394 (6691), 313.
  • » Lillard, A.S. (1996). Body or mind: children‘s understanding of pretense. Child Development, 67, 1717–1734.
  • » Mackie, J.L. (1984). The miracle of theism: Arguments for and against the existence of God. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • » Newman, G.E., Keil, F.C., Kuhlmeier, V.A., & Wynn, K. (under review). Infants understand that only intentional agents can create order. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • » Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct. New York: HarperCollins.
  • » Pinker, S. (1997). How the mind works. New York: Norton.
  • » Scholl, B.J.,& Tremoulet, P. (2000). Perceptual causality and animacy. Trends in Cognitive Sci- ences, 4 (8), 299–309.
  • » Senghas, A., Kita, S., & Özyürek, A. (2004). Children creating core properties of language: evi- dence from an emerging sign language in Nicaragua. Science, 305, 1779–1782.
  • » Shermer, M. (2003). How we believe: The search for God in an age of science. New York: Freeman.
  • » Siegler, R., DeLoache, J., & Eisenberg, N. (2006). How children develop (2nd edn.). New York: Worth.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Çeviri
Authors

Zübeyir Ovacık

Publication Date June 30, 2015
Submission Date June 2, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015

Cite

ISNAD Ovacık, Zübeyir. “Din Tabiidir”. Mütefekkir 2/3 (June 2015), 245-255. https://doi.org/10.30523/mutefekkir.130257.

Aksaray Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi dergisi Mütefekkir, her yılın 15 Haziran ve 15 Aralık tarihlerinde olmak üzere basılı ve online olarak yayınlanan, uluslararası akademik ve hakemli bir dergidir.