Trotula, Avrupa’nın İlk Kadın Hekimi: Tarihsel Bir Tartışma

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma kapsamında Avrupada ilk kadın hekim olduğu öne sürülen Trotula'nın, tarihsel bir kişilik olarak varlığı ve Avrupa Eğitim Tarihi serüveni içindeki rolünün değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmada konuya ilişkin araştırma için literatür taraması 1 Ekim 2017-01 Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Library Genesis, Springer, Jstor Ebsco, ProQuest, Social Sciences Index Retrospective veri tabanlarından yapılmıştır. Bununla birlikte Londra, Paris Ulusal Kütüphanesi, Oxford ve Glasgow Üniversitelerinin Kütüphanelerinde araştırma yapılmıştır. Trotulaya atfedilen eserlere ilişkin çalışmalar değerlendirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, XII. yüzyılda kaleme alındığı düşünülen ve the Liber de sinthomatibus mulierum De curis mulierum, ve De ornatu mulierum adlarıyla bilinen ve kadın tıbbı konusunda dönemin en ünlü eserleri arasında yer alan çalışmalar da bu kapsamda incelenmiştir. Bulgular: XII. Yüzyıl Avrupasında kadın hekimler arasında adı ün kazanan Trotula isimli birisinin gerçekten var olup olmadığı hakkında net bir bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Ancak mevcut bilgiler ışığında Salerno’da Trotula isminde bir kadın şifacının yaşamış olması kuvvetle muhtemeldir. Trotulaya atfen kadın sağlığı ve kozmetik alanlarında yazılmış üç eser mevcuttur. Bu eserlerin birleştirilerek hazırlanan Trotula Minor ve Major isimli kitaplar mevcuttur. Sonuç: Orta Çağ Avrupasında ilk üniversitelerin kurulduğu dönemde Trotula isimli bir hekim ve yazarın kesin olarak yaşadığına ilişkin somut bir bilgiye ulaşılamamıştır. Ancak bu isimle oluşturulan kitaplar Orta Çağ Avrupa tıbbında önemli birer kaynak olarak kullanılmışlardır.

Keywords

• Avrupada ilk kadın hekimler
• Trotula
• Salerno Tıp Okulu

Trotula, The First Female Physician of Europe: A Historiographical Debate

Abstract

Objective: Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to evaluate the existence of Trotula, who is claimed to be the first female physician in Europe, as a historical personality and her role in the adventure of European Education History. Methods: A literature review was conducted on the subject using various databases including PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Library Genesis, Springer, Jstor Ebsco, ProQuest, and Social Sciences Index Retrospective between October 1, 2017, and May 01, 2021. Additionally, research was done in the libraries of London, Paris National Library, Oxford, and Glasgow universities. The studies on the works attributed to Trotula were evaluated, as well as the most prominent works on women's medicine from the XII. century, including the Liber de sinthomatibus mulierum, De curis mulierum, and De ornatu mulierum. Results: There is no clear information about whether a person named Trotula lived in Europe in the XII. century. However, in the light of available information, it is highly probable that a female healer named Trotula lived in Salerno. There are three works written in the fields of women's health and cosmetics entitled with Trotula Minor and Major, which are prepared by combining these works. Conclusion: Despite extensive research, no concrete evidence could be found to confirm the existence of a physician and writer named Trotula during the establishment of the first universities in Medieval Europe. Nevertheless, the books attributed to Trotula were widely circulated and served as an important source of knowledge in medieval European medicine.

Keywords

• First Woman Physician
• Trotula
• Salerno Medical School

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