Kardiyovasküler Cerrahi Sonrası Ağrı Yönetiminde Hemşirelerin Uyguladığı Tamamlayıcı Yöntemler: Literatür Taraması

Abstract

Amaç: Kardiyovasküler cerrahi sonrası dönemde hastaların deneyimlediği yüksek ağrı düzeyi, kardiyovasküler sistemde istenmeyen komplikasyonlara neden olarak hastaların hastanede kalış sürecinde uzamaya veya ölümüne neden olabilir. Tamamlayıcı yöntemler, istenmeyen olası durumların azaltılmasında ve önlenmesinde kullanılan hemşirelik bakımı uygulamalarındandır. Bu literatür taraması, kardiyovasküler cerrahi sonrası dönemde hastaların deneyimlediği ağrının kontrolüne yönelik hemşirelerin kullandıkları tamamlayıcı yöntemleri incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Bu literatür taraması, 25 Eylül 2022-25 Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasındaki Türkçe ve İngilizce dizinlerin taranması ile gerçekleştirildi. Derlemeye, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar ve Yöktez veri tabanları üzerinden “cerrahi girişim sonrası ağrı, kalp cerrahisi, kardiyovasküler cerrahi, hemşirelik, tamamlayıcı yöntemler, müzik dinletme, masaj, akupresür, aromaterapi, progresif kas gevşeme egezersizi” anahtar kelimeleri ile taramalar yapıldı. Mart 2013-Ocak 2023 tarihleri arasında yayınlanan yarı deneysel ve randomize kontrollü araştırmalar literatür taramasına dahil edildi. Bulgular: Kardiyovasküler cerrahi sonrası dönemde, hastaların ağrısının kontrolüne yönelik 5 müzik dinletme, 5 masaj, 3 akupresür, 3 aromaterapi ve 1 progresif kas gevşeme egzersizi gibi tamamlayıcı yöntemlerin kullanıldığı toplamda 17 araştırma belirlendi. Hemşireler tarafından uygulanan tamamlayıcı yöntemlerin, dahil edilen bütün araştırmalarda kardiyovasküler cerrahi sonrası dönemde hastaların ağrı düzeyini düşürmede etkili olduğu bulundu. Sonuç: Bu literatür taraması, kardiyovasküler cerrahi sonrası dönemde hemşirelerin kullandığı tamamlayıcı yöntemlerin ağrı kontrolünde etkili olduğunu ve hemşirelerin bu yöntemleri kullandıklarını gösterdi.

Keywords

• Kardiyovasküler cerrahisi
• Tamamlayıcı yöntem
• Hemşirelik
• Cerrahi
• Bakım.

Complementary Methods Used by Nurses in Pain Management After Cardiavascular Surgery: A Literature Review

Abstract

Objective: The high level of pain experienced by patients in the post-cardiavascular surgery period may cause undesirable complications in the cardiovascular system, resulting in prolonged hospital stay or death. Complementary methods are nursing care practices used to reduce and prevent undesirable situations. This review was made to examine the complementary methods used by nurses for pain control of patients' experiences in the post-cardiac surgery period. Method: This literature review was carried out by scanning Turkish and English indexes between 25 September 2022 and 25 June 2023. The compilation was searched on the databases of Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Yöktez with the keywords "post-surgical pain, cardiac surgery, cardiovascular surgery, nursing, complementary methods, music, massage, acupressure, aromatherapy, progressive muscle relaxation technique". Quasi-experimental and randomized controlled studies published between March 2013 and January 2023 were included in the literature review. Results: A total of 17 studies using complementary methods such as 5 music, 5 massage, 3 acupressure, 3 aromatherapy and 1 progressive muscle relaxation exercise were identified for the control of patients' pain in the post-cardiavascular surgery period. Complementary methods applied by nurses were found to be effective in reducing patients' pain levels in the post-cardiavascular surgery period in all included studies. Conclusion: This literature review showed that complementary methods used by nurses in the post-cardiavascular surgery period are effective in pain control and that nurses use these methods.

Keywords

• Cardiovascular surgery
• Complementary method
• Nursing
• Surgery
• Care.

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