Preoperatif Anksiyete Düzeyleri ve İlişkili Faktörler: Anestezi Polikliniğine Başvuran Erişkin Hastalarda Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, anestezi polikliniğine başvuran erişkin hastalarda preoperatif anksiyete düzeylerini değerlendirmek ve anksiyeteyi etkileyen sosyodemografik ve klinik faktörleri belirlemektir. Yöntem: 15 Mayıs–30 Eylül 2025 tarihleri arasında, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adana Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Anestezi Polikliniği’nde yürütülen bu kesitsel çalışmaya, 18–65 yaş arası, ASA I–III grubunda yer alan 680 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan standart form aracılığıyla toplanmış; preoperatif anksiyete ve bilgi düzeyi, Türkçe geçerliliği yapılmış Amsterdam Preoperatif Anksiyete ve Bilgi Ölçeği (APAIS) ile değerlendirilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizlerde parametrik ve parametrik olmayan uygun testler kullanılmış, anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların ortalama APAIS toplam skoru 18,55 ± 6,75 olup, hastaların %61,3’ünde yüksek düzeyde anksiyete saptanmıştır. Sigara kullanan, çevresinde olumsuz cerrahi deneyim duyan ve yüksek eğitim düzeyine sahip bireylerde anksiyete anlamlı biçimde yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Birinci derece yakın refakatçisi bulunan ve daha önce ameliyat deneyimi olan hastalarda anksiyete düzeyleri anlamlı derecede daha düşüktür (p<0,001), (p=0,049). Sonuç: Preoperatif anksiyete hastaların önemli bir kısmında gözlenmekte ve sigara kullanımı, sosyal çevre etkisi, eğitim düzeyi ile sosyal destek varlığı gibi faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Preoperatif değerlendirme sürecinde psikososyal etmenlerin dikkate alınması ve hastaya özgü bilgilendirme stratejilerinin uygulanması, anksiyeteyi azaltarak hasta güvenliği ve memnuniyetini artırabilir.

Keywords

• Preoperatif anksiyete
• anestezi polikliniği
• APAIS
• sosyodemografik faktörler
• ameliyat korkusu

Preoperative Anxiety and Related Factors in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study from an Anesthesia Outpatient Clinic

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the levels of preoperative anxiety among adult patients attending the anesthesia outpatient clinic and to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with anxiety. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 15 May and 30 September 2025 at the University of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital. A total of 680 patients aged 18–65 years with ASA physical status I–III who were scheduled for elective surgery were included. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire developed by the researchers. Preoperative anxiety and information requirements were assessed using the Turkish validated version of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Appropriate parametric and nonparametric statistical tests were applied, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean APAIS total score was 18.55 ± 6.75, and 61.3% of the participants exhibited high anxiety levels. Anxiety scores were significantly higher in patients who smoked, had heard negative surgical experiences from others, or had a higher educational level (p<0.001). Conversely, patients accompanied by a first-degree relative and those with previous anesthesia or surgical experience had significantly lower anxiety levels (p<0.001), (p=0.049). Conclusion: Preoperative anxiety is common among surgical patients and is influenced by smoking habits, social environment, educational level, and the presence of close family support. Considering psychosocial factors and providing individualized preoperative information during the anesthesia consultation may help reduce anxiety, enhance patient satisfaction, and improve perioperative safety.

Keywords

• Preoperative anxiety
• anesthesia outpatient clinic
• APAIS
• sociodemographic factors
• fear of surgery

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