From manpower to motor vehicles; development of patient transport

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the transportation of patients from antiquity to the present day from an evolutionary perspective and to reveal the factors affecting its development.

Method: This study was conducted as a scoping review to explore patient transportation from historical ages to the present time and was undertaken from 2016-2019. For this purpose, we collected pieces of evidence from historical texts, articles, and books to websites from ancient times up to the present on patient transportation and the review findings were assessed chronologically.

Results: There was only one finding from ancient times, this first datas was included in the war directives of the king of Macedonia, the second was using animals such as camels, horses, third was litters, cars and wagons, and after that technology was used to transport sick cars, trains, boats and finally ground and air ambulances have been developed.

Conclusion: These developments has occurred parallel to advances in medicine, and examination of these methods reveals another facet of the history of medicine.  For example, modes of patient transport provide information regarding the value that societies place on the sick and/or injured, how patient welfare is ensured, and where and under what conditions medical intervention takes place.  In addition, this study also explains which of these methods are used in what geographies, which are preferred under what kinds of conditions, and presents details concerning the level of medical science during times of war or major outbreaks in which advances in patient transport were made. The history of ambulance helps us to explore human history and also to improve new ideas to help patients.

Keywords

• Patient transport,ambulance,stretcher,medical history

İnsan gücünden motorlu taşıtlara; hasta taşımacılığının gelişimi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, hastaların antik çağlardan günümüze geçişini evrimsel bir bakış açısıyla incelemek ve gelişimini etkileyen faktörleri ortaya koymaktır.

Yöntem: Bu çalışma, tarihsel yaşlardan günümüze hasta ulaşımını araştırmak için kapsamlı bir derleme olarak gerçekleştirildi ve 2016-2019 arasında yapıldı. Bu amaçla, eski zamanlardan günümüze kadar hasta ulaşımına ilişkin tarihsel metinlerden, makalelerden ve kitaplardan web sitelerine kanıt parçaları topladık ve inceleme bulguları kronolojik olarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmada antik çağdan yalnızca bir veriye ulaşılabildi, bu ilk veri Makedonya kralı savaş direktiflerinde yer almaktaydı, ikincisi deve, at gibi hayvanlar kullanıyordu, üçüncüsü litre, araba ve vagonlardı ve bundan sonra teknoloji hasta arabalar, trenler, tekneler ve nihayet nakliye için kullanılmış kara ve hava ambulansları geliştirilmiştir.

Sonuç: Bu gelişmeler tıptaki ilerlemelere paralel olarak gerçekleşmiştir ve bu yöntemlerin incelenmesi tıp tarihinin bir başka yönünü de ortaya koymaktadır. Örneğin, hasta taşıma yöntemleri, toplumların hasta ve/veya yaralılara verdiği değer, hasta refahının nasıl sağlandığı ve tıbbi müdahalenin nerede ve hangi koşullar altında gerçekleştiği hakkında bilgi sağlamaktadır. Ek olarak, bu çalışma aynı zamanda hangi yöntemlerin hangi coğrafyalarda kullanıldığını, hangi şartlar altında tercih edildiğini açıklamakta ve savaş zamanlarında veya hastanın ilerleyişinde ortaya çıkan büyük salgınlarda tıp biliminin seviyesine ilişkin detayları sunmaktadır. Ambulansın tarihi, insanın tarihini keşfetmemize ve ayrıca hastalara yardımcı olacak yeni fikirleri geliştirmemize yardımcı olmaktadır.

Keywords

• hasta taşıma,ambulans,sedye,tıp tarihi

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