İnsan gücünden motorlu taşıtlara; hasta taşımacılığının gelişimi

Year 2020, , 99 - 107, 31.01.2020

Sukran Sevimli , Gülten Dinç

https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.647248

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, hastaların
antik çağlardan günümüze geçişini evrimsel bir bakış açısıyla incelemek ve
gelişimini etkileyen faktörleri ortaya koymaktır.

Yöntem: Bu çalışma, tarihsel
yaşlardan günümüze hasta ulaşımını araştırmak için kapsamlı bir derleme olarak
gerçekleştirildi ve 2016-2019 arasında yapıldı. Bu amaçla, eski zamanlardan
günümüze kadar hasta ulaşımına ilişkin tarihsel metinlerden, makalelerden ve
kitaplardan web sitelerine kanıt parçaları topladık ve inceleme bulguları
kronolojik olarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmada antik çağdan
yalnızca bir veriye ulaşılabildi, bu ilk veri Makedonya kralı savaş
direktiflerinde yer almaktaydı, ikincisi deve, at gibi hayvanlar kullanıyordu,
üçüncüsü litre, araba ve vagonlardı ve bundan sonra teknoloji hasta arabalar,
trenler, tekneler ve nihayet nakliye için kullanılmış kara ve hava ambulansları
geliştirilmiştir.

Sonuç: Bu gelişmeler tıptaki
ilerlemelere paralel olarak gerçekleşmiştir ve bu yöntemlerin incelenmesi tıp
tarihinin bir başka yönünü de ortaya koymaktadır. Örneğin, hasta taşıma
yöntemleri, toplumların hasta ve/veya yaralılara verdiği değer, hasta refahının
nasıl sağlandığı ve tıbbi müdahalenin nerede ve hangi koşullar altında
gerçekleştiği hakkında bilgi sağlamaktadır. Ek olarak, bu çalışma aynı zamanda
hangi yöntemlerin hangi coğrafyalarda kullanıldığını, hangi şartlar altında
tercih edildiğini açıklamakta ve savaş zamanlarında veya hastanın ilerleyişinde
ortaya çıkan büyük salgınlarda tıp biliminin seviyesine ilişkin detayları
sunmaktadır. Ambulansın tarihi, insanın tarihini keşfetmemize ve ayrıca
hastalara yardımcı olacak yeni fikirleri geliştirmemize yardımcı olmaktadır.

Keywords

hasta taşıma, ambulans, sedye, tıp tarihi

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

From manpower to motor vehicles; development of patient transport

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the
transportation of patients from antiquity to the present day from an
evolutionary perspective and to reveal the factors affecting its development.

Method: This study was conducted as a scoping review to
explore patient transportation from historical ages to the present time and was
undertaken from 2016-2019. For this purpose, we collected pieces of evidence
from historical texts, articles, and books to websites from ancient times up to
the present on patient transportation and the review findings were assessed
chronologically.

Results: There was only one finding from ancient times,
this first datas was included in the war directives of the king of Macedonia,
the second was using animals such as camels, horses, third was litters, cars
and wagons, and after that technology was used to transport sick cars, trains,
boats and finally ground and air ambulances have been developed.

Conclusion: These developments has occurred parallel
to advances in medicine, and examination of these methods reveals another facet
of the history of medicine.  For example,
modes of patient transport provide information regarding the value that
societies place on the sick and/or injured, how patient welfare is ensured, and
where and under what conditions medical intervention takes place.  In addition, this study also explains which
of these methods are used in what geographies, which are preferred under what
kinds of conditions, and presents details concerning the level of medical
science during times of war or major outbreaks in which advances in patient
transport were made. The history of ambulance helps us to explore human history
and also to improve new ideas to help patients.

Keywords

Patient transport, ambulance, stretcher, medical history

Project Number

Yok

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