Sağlık Bilimlerinde Nitel Araştırmaların Yeri ve Önemi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 39 - 48, 24.01.2022

Yaşar Suveren

https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1002410

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Sağlık bilimleri ve hizmetleri alanlarında göreli olarak daha az başvurulmasına karşın, nitel araştırmalar hızlı bir gelişme göstermiş ve tanınırlığa sahip olmuştur. Nitel araştırmaların çeşitli toplumsal ve kültürel konuların yanı sıra sağlık bilimleri alanlarında da kullanımının giderek arttığı görülmektedir. Daha önceleri nitel araştırma, yalnızca nicel araştırma yöntemini tamamlayan bir bileşeni olarak görülmekteydi ancak nitel araştırmalar artık sosyal ve kültürel boyutlarıyla sağlık araştırmalarında da tanınmakta ve giderek daha fazla kullanılmaktadır. Sağlık bilimleriyle ilgili dergilerde giderek daha fazla nitel araştırma makalesi yayınlanmaktadır. Nicel araştırmadan farklı olarak nitel araştırma, bir olgunun anlamını açıklama yoluyla belirlemeye çalışır. Nitel araştırmalar, katılımcıların deneyimlerine ve görüşlerine vurgu yaparak doğal fenomenlerin anlamlarını anlamaya yardımcı olan kavramlar geliştirmeyi amaçlar. Bu bağlamda nitel araştırmaların sağlıkla ilgili araştırmalarda kullanılması sağlık ve bakım hizmetlerinin geliştirilmesine önemli katkılar sağlayabilir. Bu makale, nitel araştırmaların uygulamasına ilişkin pratik rehberlik sağlama amacını taşımamaktadır. Yine de, sağlık bilimlerinde nitel araştırmanın yerini vurgulamayı ve nitel yöntemleri kullanmanın neden önemli olduğunu vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, bu makale ağırlıklı olarak nitel araştırmanın tarihsel arka planı, gelişimi, genel felsefi temelleri ve varsayımları, bu alandaki temel kuramsal yaklaşımlar (gömülü teori, fenomenoloji ve etnografi gibi), örneklem seçimi ve veri toplama teknikleri (derinlemesine görüşme, gözlem, dokümantasyon vb.) ve analiz araçları (fenomenoloji, söylem analizi, içerik analizi ve daha fazlası) hakkında temel bilgileri sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Nitel araştırma, Nitel Yöntem, Nitel Veri, Nitel Araştırma Tasarımı, Yöntembilim

Supporting Institution

Bulunmamaktadır

An Evaluation of the Place and Importance of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences

Abstract

Although it is applied relatively less in health sciences and services, qualitative research has developed rapidly and has gained recognition. It is seen that the use of qualitative research in the fields of health sciences, as well as various social and cultural issues, is increasing. Previously, qualitative research was only seen as a complementary component to the quantitative research method. Still, qualitative research is now recognized and increasingly used in health research with its social and cultural dimensions. More and more qualitative research articles are being published in health science journals. Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research tries to determine the meaning of a phenomenon through explanation. Qualitative research aims to develop concepts that help understand the meanings of natural phenomena by emphasizing the experiences and views of the participants. In this context, qualitative research in health-related research can make important contributions to the development of health and care services. This article is not intended to provide practical guidance on the application of qualitative research. Nevertheless, it aims to highlight the place of qualitative research in the health sciences and why it is important to use qualitative methods. In this framework, this article mainly focuses on the historical background, development, general philosophical foundations and assumptions of qualitative research, the main theoretical approaches in this field (such as embedded theory, phenomenology, and ethnography), sample selection and data collection techniques (in-depth interview, observation, documentation, etc.) and analysis tools (phenomenology, discourse analysis, content analysis and more).

Keywords

Qualitative research, Qualitative Method, Qualitative Data, Qualitative Research Design, Methodology

References

• 1. Chafe R. The Value of Qualitative Description in Health Services and Policy Research. Healthc Policy. 2017;12(3):12-8.
• 2. Cleland J. Exploring versus measuring: considering the fundamental differences between qualitative and quantitative research. In: Researching Medical Education. Cleland J and Durning S J, editors. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2015. pp:3-12.
• 3. May S G, Roach M, Murphy R. The Importance of Qualitative Research in Enhancing Understanding of Treatment Decisions, Outcomes, and Value Assessment. Journal of Clinical Pathways 2021;7(4):31-3.
• 4. Mays N, Pope C. Quality in qualitative health research. In Qualitative Research in Health Care. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2016. pp:1-11.
• 5. Faltermaier T. Why public health research needs qualitative approaches: Subjects and methods in change. Eupha 1997; 7(4): 357–63.
• 6. Aspers P, Corte U. What is qualitative in qualitative research. Qual Sociol 2019;42(2): 139-160.
• 7. Collins CS, Stockton CM. The central role of theory in qualitative research. IJQM 2018;17(1):1-10.
• 8. Mohajan H. Qualitative Research Methodology in social Sciences and Related Subjects. Jedep 2018;7(1):23-48.
• 9. Rolfe DE, et al. Using qualitative Health Research methods to improve patient and public involvement and engagement in research. Res Involv Engagem 2018;4(1):1-8.
• 10. Busetto L, Wick W, Gumbinger C. How to use and assess qualitative research methods. 2020; Neurol Res Pract 2:14.
• 11. Khan S. Qualitative Research Method: Grounded Theory. IJBM 2014;9(11):224-33.
• 12. Kivunja C, Kuyini AB. Understanding and Applying Research Paradigms in Educational Contexts. IJHE 2017;6(5):26-41.
• 13. Ahmed A. Ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions: Qualitative versus quantitative. No Title [Internet]. [erişim tarihi 27/08/2021] Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267736833_Ontological_Epistemological_and_Methodological_Assumptions_Qualitative_Versus_Quantitative/link/597f254b0f7e9b8802ebabc8/download
• 14. Lee N, Lings I. Doing business research: A guide to theory and practice. 1st ed. Sage Publications; 2008.
• 15. Al-Busaidi Z Q. Qualitative Research and its Uses in Health Care. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2008;8(1):11-9.
• 16. Spencer R, Pryce, JM, Walsh J. Philosophical approaches to qualitative research. In The Oxford Handbook of Qualitative Research. Oxford; 2001. pp:111-142.
• 17. Cleland JA. The qualitative orientation in medical education research. Korean J Med Educ 2017;29(2):61-71.
• 18. Vagle MD. Crafting phenomenological research. London: Routledge; 2016.
• 19. Singh A. Significant Study of Qualitative Research In Health Care. 2021;7, No Title [Internet]. [erişim tarihi 13/09/2021] Erişim adresi: https://sciforum.net/paper/view/conference/9234.
• 20. Richardson JC, Liddle J. Where does good quality qualitative health care research get published? PHCR&D 2017; 18(05): 515-21.
• 21. Korstjens I, Moser A. Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 2: Context, research questions and designs. EJGP 2017; 23(1): 274-79.
• 22. Patricia M. Qualitative research in medical education. In Oxford Textbook of Medical Education. Oxford; 2013. pp:638-647.
• 23. Suresh G, Suresh K, Thomas S. Design, data analysis and sampling techniques for clinical research. AIAN 2011; 14(4):287-90.
• 24. Leavy P. Introduction to the Oxford handbook of qualitative research. 2nd edition. In The Oxford Handbook of Qualitative Research, Oxford; 2020. pp:xxii-20.
• 25. Denscombe M. The good research guide: For small-scale social research projects. Open University Press; London; 2007.
• 26. Easterby-Smith M, Shenxue L, Jean B. Research Methods for Organizational Learning: The Transatlantic Gap. Management Learning 2019; 40(4):439-47.
• 27. Fisher C, Buglear J. Researching and writing a dissertation: an essential guide for business students, 3rd ed. (NY): Prentice Hall; 2010.
• 28. Lemon L. Applying a Mindfulness Practice to Qualitative Data Collection. TQR 2017;22(12):3305-13.
• 29. PLoS Medicine Editors. Qualitative research: Understanding patients’ needs and experiences. PLoS Med 2007;4(8):e258.
• 30. Kozleski EB. The Uses of Qualitative Research: Powerful Methods to Inform Evidence-Based Practice in Education. RPSD 2017;42(1):19-32.
• 31. Katchmarchi AB, Taliaferro AR, Kipfer HJ. A document analysis of drowning prevention education resources in the United States. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2018;25:78–84.
• 32. Adebiyi BO, Mukumbang FC, Beytell A-M. To what extent is fetal alcohol spectrum disorder considered in policy-related documents in South Africa? A document review. Health Res Policy Syst 2019;17(46):1-12.
• 33. Gurung G, Derrett S, Gauld R. The role and functions of community health councils in New Zealand’s health system: a document analysis. N Z Med J 2020;133(1510):70–82.
• 34. Starks H, Brown TS. Choose your method: A comparison of phenomenology, discourse analysis and grounded theory. QHR 2007;17(10):1372-80.
• 35. Hsieh HH, Shannon E. Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis. QHR 2005;15(9):1277-88.
• 36. Griffin RH, Nunn CL. Community structure and the spread of infectious disease in primate social networks. Evol Ecol 2012; 26:779-800.