Astım Hastalarında Mizaç, Karakter Özellikleri ve Aleksitimi; Bir Üniversite Hastanesi Örneği

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 86 - 94, 24.01.2022

Eda Aslan , Fatih Sağlam , Sibel Naycı

https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.927090

Abstract

Amaç: Astım ve psikolojik faktörler arasındaki ilişki çok eski zamanlardan bu yana ilgi çeken bir konudur. Bununla ilgili birçok araştırma yapılmasına rağmen halihazırda astım hastalarının mizaç ve karakter özellikleri hakkında literatür bilgisi sınırlıdır. Biz çalışmamızda astım hastalarında mizaç, karakter ve aleksitimik özellikleri araştırmayı amaçladık.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya astım tanısı alan 38 hasta ve 35 sağlıklı gönüllü katılmıştır, tüm katılımcılara sosyodemografik veri formu, “Mizaç ve Karakter Envanteri “(MKE) ve “Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği” (TAÖ) uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda Astım tanısı alan 38 kişinin yaş ortalaması 40.9 ± 15.9, sağlıklı gönüllülerin yaş ortalaması 37.3 ± 14.3 olarak bulunmuştur. Astım grubu 29 kadın, 9 erkek, sağlıklı grup 19 kadın, 16 erkekten oluşmuştur. Astım hastalarında MKE’ye göre “zarardan kaçınma”, “tutumluluk”, “duygusal hassasiyet” ve “kişilerarası özdeşleşme” puanları kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksektir, farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p <0.05). Aleksitimi açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır (p> 0.05).
Sonuç: Çalışmamız astım hastaları ile sağlıklı gönüllüler arasında karakter ve mizaç özellikleri bakımından farklılıklar olduğunu, aleksitimi düzeyleri açısından ise fark olmadığını göstermiştir. Bu farklılıkların nedenleri ve bu özelliklerin hastalık seyri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirebilmek için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

Astım, Kişilik, Mizaç, Karakter

Temperament, Character Traits and Alexithymia in Patients with Asthma; A University Hospital Sample

Abstract

Background: The relationship between psychological factors and asthma has received attention since very early times. However, there’s a lack of knowledge about the temperament and character features of asthma patients. We aimed to assess if there are specific personality traits in asthma patients.
Methods: Thirty-eight patients with asthma and thirty-five healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. The sociodemographic data form and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) were applied to all participants.
Results: The mean age was 40.9 ± 15.9 in the asthma group (52.1%) and 37.3 ± 14.3 in the control group (47.9%). There were 29 females and 9 males in asthma group, 19 females and 16 males in control group. In analysis of temperament and character subscales, the scores of harm avoidance, frugality, sentimentality and transpersonal identification were higher in asthma patients than the control group; the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups for alexithymia (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Our study showed that there were character and temperament differences between asthma patients and healthy group. There were no differences for alexithymia between the groups. Further studies are needed to evaluate the causes of differences and the impacts of traits on disease course.

Keywords

Asthma, Personality, Temperament, Character

References

• 1. Baas JH. Outlines of the history of medicine and the medical profession. In: Anderson HE, editor. New York: JH Hill&Co; 1889. pp: 881-913
• 2. Osler W. Diseases of the respiratory system: bronchial asthma. In: The principles and practice of medicine, 4th ed. New York: D. Appleton and Company; 1901. pp: 628–632
• 3. Alexander F, French TM. Psychoanalytic therapy. New York: Ronald Press. 1946. pp. 353
• 4. Dunbar HF. Psychoanalytic Notes Relating to Syndromes of Asthma and Hay Fever. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly 2017;7(1):25-68. doi:10.1080/21674086.1938.11925341
• 5. Peshkin MM. Asthma in children: i. Etiology. Am J Dis Child 1926;31(6):763-814. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1926.04130060002001
• 6. Purcell K, Bernstein L, Bukantz SC. A preliminary comparison of rapidly remitting and persistently “steroid-dependent” asthmatic children. Psychosomatic Medicine 1961;23.4: 305-310.
• 7. Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Przybeck TR. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;50: 975-990.
• 8. Eaves L, Eysenck H. Genetic and environmental components of inconsistency and unrepeatability in twins’ responses to a neuroticism questionnaire. Behav Genet 1976 62. 1976;6(2):145-160. doi:10.1007/BF01067145
• 9. Clay D. The Theory of the Literary Persona in Antiquity. Mater e Discuss per l’analisi dei testi Class 1998;(40):9. doi:10.2307/40236116
• 10. Widiger T A, Smith GT. Personality and psychopathology. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.),. Handb Personal Theory Res, 2008;The Guilfo:743–769.
• 11. Watson D, Clark LA, Chmielewski M. Structures of Personality and Their Relevance to Psychopathology: II. Further Articulation of a Comprehensive Unified Trait Structure. J Pers 2008;76(6):1545-1586. doi:10.1111/J.1467-6494.2008.00531.X
• 12. Akiskal HS, et al. TEMPS-A: validation of a short version of a self-rated instrument designed to measure variations in temperament. J Affect Disord 2005;85(1-2):45-52. doi:10.1016/J.JAD.2003.10.012
• 13. Sifneos PE. Alexithymia: Past and present. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153(7):137-142. doi:10.1176/ajp.153.7.137
• 14. Apfel RJ, Sifneos PE. Alexithymia: Concept and measurement. Psychother Psychosom 1979;32(1-4):180-190. doi:10.1159/000287386
• 15. Belloch A, et al. Bronchial asthma and personality dimensions: a multifaceted association. J Asthma 1994;31:161-170, doi: 10.3109/02770909409044822.
• 16. Huovinen E, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M. Asthma in relation to personality traits, life satisfaction, and stress: a prospective study among 11,000 adults. Allergy 2001;56(10):971-7. doi: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00112.x.
• 17. Kumar GK. Hypoxia and neurotransmitter synthesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011;300(4):C743-51. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00019.2011
• 18. Global Initiative for Asthma. GINA Report: Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention 2017. doi:10.1002/uog.8947
• 19. Güleç H, et al. Reliability and factorial validity of the Turkish version of the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20). Klin Psikofarmakol Bul 2009;19(3):215-221. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00360-X
• 20. Cloninger CR. A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. A proposal. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987;44: 573-588
• 21. Köse S, et al. Mizaç ve Karakter Envanteri (Türkçe TCI): Geçerlik, güvenirliǧi ve faktör yapisi. Klin Psikofarmakol Bul. 2004;14(3):107-131.
• 22. Cloninger CR, et al. A Psychobiological Model of Temperament and Character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50(12):975-990. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008
• 23. Kim T-, et al. Temperament and character dimensions in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol 2006;33(1):10-15. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2006.00002.x
• 24. Boz C, et al. Kronik Gerilim Tipi Baş Agrili Hastalarda Mizaç ve Karakter Profili. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2004;15(2):105-111.
• 25. Altunören O, et al. Evaluation of depression, temperament and character profiles in female patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Noropsikiyatri Ars 2011;48(1):31-38. doi:10.4274/npa.y5667
• 26. Gulec MY, et al. Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Dimension of Personality in Patients with Asthma. Int J Psychiatry Med 2010;40(3):273-287. doi:10.2190/PM.40.3.d
• 27. Alexander, Franz; Flagg GW. The psychosomatic approach. In: Handbook of Clinical Psychology. B. B. Wolm 1965:855-957.
• 28. Braud LW, Lupin MN, Braud WG. The Use of Electromyographic Biofeedback in the Control of Hyperactivity. J Learn Disabil 1975;8(7):420-425. doi:10.1177/002221947500800704
• 29. Kandasamy A, Chaturvedi S, Desai G. Spirituality, distress, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in patients with advanced cancer. Indian J Cancer 2011;48(1):55. doi:10.4103/0019-509X.75828
• 30. Zackheim L. Alexithymia: the expanding realm of research. J Psychosom Res 2007;63:345-347 doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.08.011
• 31. Porcelli P, Taylor GJ. Alexithymia and physical illness: a psychosomatic approach. In: Luminet O, Bagby RM, Taylor GJ, eds. Alexithymia: Advances in Research, Theory, and Clinical Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press, 105–126 doi:10.1017/9781108241595.
• 32. Vazquez I, et al. The Role of Alexithymia in Quality of Life and Health Care Use in Asthma. J Asthma 2010;47(7):797-804. doi:10.3109/02770900903560217
• 33. Feldman JM, Lehrer PM, Hochron SM. The predictive value of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale among patients with asthma. J Psychosom Res Published online 2002. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00452-X
• 34. Amore M, et al. Disease Control in Patients with Asthma is Associated with Alexithymia but not with Depression or Anxiety. Behav Med 2013;39:138-145. doi:10.1080/08964289.2013.818931