Evaluation of Responses Given by Artificial Intelligence Chatbots to Questions on the ‘Fluoride in Dentistry’

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 1069 - 1078, 30.09.2025

Seçkin Aksu , Fatma Ayça Bakır

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, completeness, reliability-quality and readability of the information provided by different artificial intelligence chatbots to frequently asked questions on the topic of ‘fluoride in dentistry’.
Methods: 15 frequently asked open-ended questions about fluoride applications in dentistry were directed to ChatGPT 4.0, ChatGPT 4.10, Copilot, Gemini, and Perplexity platforms. All questions were asked only once, from the same computer IP address and using the same fixed fiber internet network. Based on current literature and clinical practices, all responses were evaluated by a consensus of three expert pediatric dentists with at least ten years of clinical experience. Likert Scales were used for accuracy and completeness, the mDISCERN scale for quality and reliability, and the Ateşman Readability Index for readability. Fisher’s Exact, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, and Mann-Whitney U Test were used for statistical analysis. Results: According to the median values of Likert Accuracy and Completeness Scales, Gemini> Perplexity> ChatGPT 4.10> ChatGPT 4.0> Copilot (p=0.016), (p=0.002). The ranking according to mDISCERN index: Perplexity Gemini> ChatGPT 4.10> ChatGPT 4.0> Copilot (p=0.008). While the answers given by all AI chat engines had an average readability of medium difficulty, there was a statistically significant difference between Gemini and Perplexity (p=0.010).
Conclusion: Although the answers on the subject of ‘Fluoride in dentistry’ were accurate primarily and valid for all AI chatbots, the datasets used for their training should benefit from sources containing quality and the most up-to-date scientific guidelines, and easier readability should be provided. More research and development are needed on the subject.

Keywords

Artificial intelligence chatbot , dentistry , fluoride , quality and reliability , readability

Project Number

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Yapay zeka sohbet robotlarının ‘diş hekimliğinde flor’ konusu ile ilgili sorulara verdikleri yanıtların değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ‘diş hekimliğindeki flor’ konusuyla ilgili sıkça sorulan sorulara farklı yapay zeka sohbet robotları tarafından sağlanan bilgilerin doğruluk, eksiksizlik, güvenilirlik-kalite ve okunabilirlik yönünden değerlendirilmesidir.
Yöntem: Diş hekimliğinde flor uygulamaları hakkında sık sorulan açık uçlu 15 soru ChatGPT 4.0, ChatGPT 4.10, Copilot, Gemini ve Perplexity platformlarına yöneltildi. Tüm sorular yalnızca bir kez, aynı bilgisayar IP adresinden ve aynı sabit fiber internet ağı kullanılarak soruldu. Doğruluk ve eksiksizlik için Likert Ölçekleri, kalite ve güvenilirlik için mDISCERN ölçeği ve okunabilirlik için Ateşman Okunabilirlik İndeksi değerlendirme ölçütü olarak kullanıldı. İstatistiksel analizde Fisher’s Exact Testi, Kruskal Wallis Testi, Dunn Testi ve Mann Whitney U Testi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Likert Doğruluk ve Eksiksizlik Ölçekleri ortanca değerlerine göre; Gemini> Perplexity> ChatGPT 4.10> ChatGPT 4.0> Copilot şeklindedir (p=0.016), (p=0.002). mDISCERN indeksine göre sıralama; Perplexity= Gemini> ChatGPT 4.10> ChatGPT 4.0> Copilot şeklindedir (p=0.008). Tüm yapay zeka sohbet motorlarının verdiği cevaplar ortalama orta zorlukta okunabilirlikte iken; Gemini ile Perplexity arasında istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık vardır (p=0.010).
Sonuç: ‘Diş hekimliğinde flor’ konusuyla ilgili cevapları tüm yapay zeka sohbet robotları için çoğunlukla doğru ve geçerli bilgiler olmakla birlikte eğitilmeleri için kullanılan veri kümelerinin kaliteli ve en güncel bilimsel yönergeleri içeren kaynaklardan yararlanması ve daha kolay okunabilirliğin sağlanması gerekmektedir. Konuyla ilgili daha fazla araştırma ve geliştirmeye ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

Yapay zeka sohbet robotu , diş hekimliği , flor , kalite ve güvenilirlik , okunabilirlik

Ethical Statement

Mersin Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurul Başkanlığı tarafından etik kurul onayı alınmıştır. (Karar Sayısı:779, 09.07.25)

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

Mersin Üniversitesi Çocuk Diş Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı’nın değerli öğretim üyelerine araştırmanın geliştirilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi sürecindeki kıymetli destekleri için teşekkür ederiz.

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