Mimarlıkta Uyarlanabilirlik Seviyeleri ve Örnekler Üzerinden Bir İnceleme

Year 2024, , 217 - 234, 31.08.2024

Beyza Özengül Aykış , Sonay Ayyıldız

https://doi.org/10.26835/my.1478404

Abstract

Yapılar fayda sağlamak için inşa edilmekte ve yapıların uzun süre kullanımı hedeflenmektedir. Yapılı çevre, iç ve dış nedenlere bağlı olarak sürekli değişim halindedir. Dolayısıyla yapıların yaşam döngüleri boyunca değişime uyum sağlayarak işlevselliğini korumaları gerekmektedir. Bu noktada uyarlanabilirlik kavramı yapıların ömrünü uzatmanın bir aracı olarak önemli hale gelmektedir.

İnsanoğlu tarih boyunca değişime uyum sağlamanın yollarını aramıştır. Uyarlanabilirlik modern dönemde hızla gelişen kentlerde artan nüfus ve sınırlı kentsel çevre nedeniyle oluşan daha uzun ömürlü ve toplumun farklı ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilecek yapılar inşa etme ihtiyacı ile dikkat çekmiş olsa da yeni bir kavram değildir. Günümüzde teknolojik gelişmeler, yapılarda dijital teknolojilerin kullanımını artırmış ve uyarlanabilir tasarım yapmanın çeşitli yolları ve amaçları olduğunu göstermiştir.

Çalışmada gelişen teknolojinin uyarlanabilir yapılar üzerindeki etkilerini görebilmek amacıyla literatür taraması yapılmış, yapı örnekleri seçilmiş ve seçilen yedi yapı uyarlanabilirlik değerlendirme kriterleri bağlamında incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda yapı ve/veya yapı bileşenlerinin manuel olarak uyum sağlayabildiği gibi otomatik olarak da uyum sağlayabildiği gözlenmiştir. Malzeme ve teknolojideki gelişimler yapılarda akıllı yapı bileşenlerinin kullanımı artırmış olsa da evrensel uyarlanabilir tasarımın olamayacağı; her yapının kendine özgü, farklı fonksiyonel özelliklere ve kullanıcı yapısına sahip olduğu sonucuna varılabilmektedir.

Keywords

Uyarlanabilirlik, Esneklik, Mimarlıkta Uyarlanabilirlik Seviyeleri

Levels of Adaptability in Architecture and a Review through Examples

Abstract

Buildings are constructed to provide benefits and are intended to be used for a long time. The built environment is in a state of constant change due to internal and external causes. Therefore, structures need to maintain their functionality by adapting to change throughout their life cycle. At this point, the concept of adaptability becomes important as a means of extending the life of buildings.

Human beings have been looking for ways to adapt to change throughout history. Adaptability is not a new concept, although it has attracted attention in the modern period with the need to build structures that can meet the different needs of the society and last longer due to the increasing population and limited urban environment in rapidly developing cities. Today, technological developments have increased the use of digital technologies in buildings and have shown that there are various ways and purposes of adaptive design.

In the study, in order to see the effects of developing technology on adaptable buildings, a literature review was conducted, building examples were selected and seven selected buildings were analysed in the context of adaptability evaluation criteria. As a result of the examination, it was observed that the building and/or building components can adapt manually as well as automatically. Although developments in materials and technology have increased the use of smart building components in buildings, it can be concluded that there cannot be a universal adaptable design; each building has its own unique, different functional characteristics and user structure.

Keywords

Adaptability, Flexibility, Levels of Adaptability in Architecture

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