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Covid-19 Salgınının Kentsel Yaşama Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 1081 - 1095, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.26835/my.883439

Abstract

Covid-19 virüs salgını, Çin’in Vuhan kentinde ortaya çıkmış ve kısa sürede tüm dünyaya yayılmıştır. Yüksek bulaşma özelliğine sahip virüs hayatın tüm alanında insan davranışlarına etki etmiştir. Kentlerde insan hareketliliğini düşürmek, bir arada bulunma durumlarını önlemek adına kısıtlamalar yapılarak virüsün yayılmaması için önlemler alınmıştır. Yapılan kısıtlamalarla hayat durma noktasına gelmiştir. Bu duraklama dönemi hem çevreyi hem de insan davranışlarını gözle görülür şekilde etkilemiştir. Virüsün insanlara kazandırdığı yeni davranışların çevresel, sosyal-ekonomik ve fiziksel çevre üzerinde etkileri gözlenmiştir. Değişen insan davranışı ve yavaşlayan kent yaşantısı olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Çalışmada yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda salgın sürecinin dünya genelindeki kentlerde çevresel, sosyal-ekonomik ve fiziksel çevre bağlamında olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma, virüs salgını nedeniyle yaşanan kilitlenme döneminin, sosyoekonomik koşullar, doğal çevre ve yapılı fiziksel çevre üzerinde farkındalık sağladığını, şehirlerin önemini ve nasıl yönetildikleri konusunda eleştirel düşüncelere ihtiyaç duyulduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, salgının Türkiye üzerinde etkileri ile alınan tedbirler, yapılan araştırma çalışmaları ve haber kaynakları aracılığıyla bir araya getirilmiştir. İrdelenen araştırma çalışmaları doğrultusunda Türkiye özelinde salgının etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi ve bu etkilerden çıkarılan dersler sonucu alınabilecek önlemlerin sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Salgının neden olduğu kilitlenme dönemindeki etkilere bakıldığında doğal çevre üzerinde geçici de olsa bir iyileşme görülmektedir. Bu iyileşmeden salgın sonrasında gerekli tedbirlerin alınması adına dersler çıkarılmasının gerekliliği anlaşılmıştır. Bu iyileşmenin yanında olumsuz ekonomik koşullar, bireysel yaşamın artmasının sonuçları gibi yeni tedbirlerin alınması gereken durumlar da gözlenmiş olup çalışma sonucunda önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

References

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  • BBC News. (2020). Koronavirüs: Salgının İklim Değişikliğini Yavaşlatmaya Etkisi 'Sınırlı' Oldu.
  • Boterman, W. R. (2020). Urban‐Rural Polarisation in Times of the Corona Outbreak? The Early Demographic and Geographic Patterns of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Epidemic in the Netherlands. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie: Special Issue.
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  • Connolly, C., Keil, R., & Ali, H. (2020). Extended urbanisation and the spatialities of infectious disease: Demographic change, infrastructure and governance. Urban Studies.
  • EEA. (2020, 03 25). Air pollution goes down as Europe takes hard measures to combat coronavirus. 11 16, 2020 tarihinde European Environment Agency: https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/air-pollution-goes-down-as adresinden alındı
  • Gandhiok, J., & Ibrar, M. (2020, 04 23). Covid-19: Noise Pollution Falls as Lockdown Rings in Sound of Slience. The Times of India: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/covid-19-noise-pollution-falls-as-lockdown-rings-in-sound-of-silence/articleshow/75309318.cms adresinden alındı
  • Haas, M. d., Faber, R., & Hamersma, M. (2020). How COVID-19 and the Dutch ‘intelligent lockdown’ change activities, work and travel behaviour: Evidence from longitudinal data in the Netherlands. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives(6).
  • Hamidi, S., Sabouri, S., & Ewing, R. (2020). Does Density Aggravate the COVID-19 Pandemic? Journal of the American Planning Association.
  • Henriques, M. (2020, 03 27). Will Covid-19 have a lasting impact on the environment? 11 16, 2020 tarihinde BBC news: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200326-covid-19-the-impact-of-coronavirus-on-the-environment adresinden alındı
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  • Kihato, C., & Landau, L. (2020). Coercion or the social contract? COVID 19 and spatial (in)justice in African cities. City & Society.
  • Kunzmann, K. R. (2020). Smart Cities After Covid-19: Ten Narratives. disP - The Planning Review, 20-31.
  • Lenzen, M., Sun, Y.-Y., Faturay, F., Ting, Y.-P., Geshchke, A., & Malik, A. (2018). The Carbon Footprint of Global Tourism. Nature Climate Change, 522-528.
  • Leonard, K. (2020). Medicine lines and COVID-19: Indigenous geographies of imagined bordering. Dialogues in Human Geography, 164-168.
  • M.Hadjidemetriou, G., Sasidharan, M., Kouyialis, G., & Parlikad, A. (2020). The impact of government measures and human mobility trend on COVID-19 related deaths in the UK. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives(6).
  • Mishra, S. V., Gayen, A., & Haque, M. (2020). COVID-19 and urban vulnerability in the megacities of the global south. Socarxiv Papers.
  • Mishra, S., Gayen, A., & Haque, S. (2020). COVID-19 and urban vulnerability in India. Habitat International.
  • Muhittin, A. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemisinin Türkiye Ekonomisine Etkilerinin Makroekonomik Analizi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Covid-19 Sosyal Bilimler Özel Sayısı, 191-221.
  • Rume, T., & Islam, S. D.-U. (2020). Environmental effects of COVID-19 pandemic and potential strategies of sustainability. Heliyon, 1-8.
  • Saha, J., Barman, B., & Chouhan, P. (2020). Lockdown for COVID-19 and its impact on community mobility in India: An analysis of the COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports, 2020. Children and Youth Services Review(116).
  • Sharifi, A., & Khavarian-Garmsir, A. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on cities and major lessons for urban planning, design, and management. Science of the Total Environment(749).
  • Thoi, P. (2020). Ho Chi Minh City- the front line against COVID-19 in Vietnam. City & Society .
  • USEPA. (2020). Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Pollution. 11 16, 2020 tarihinde https://www.epa.gov/no2-pollution/basic-information-about-no2 adresinden alındı
  • Wade, L. (2020). An Unequal blow. Science(368), 700-703.
  • Wasdani, K., & Prasad, A. (2020). The impossibility of social distancing among the urban poor: the case of an Indian slum in the times of COVID-19. Local Environment(25), 414-418.
  • WHO. (2020). Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . World Health Organization.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2020, 06 06). Demirören Haber Ajansı. İstanbul (DHA): https://www.dha.com.tr/saglikyasam/koronavirus-dogayi-olumlu-etkiledi/haber-1775041 adresinden alındı
  • Yunus, A. P., Masago, Y., & Hijioka, Y. (2020). COVID-19 and surface water quality: Improved lake water quality during the lockdown. Science of the Total Environment 731.
  • Zambrano-Monserrate, M. A., Ruano, M. A., & Sanchez-Alcalde, L. (2020). Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Science of the Total Environment 728.
  • Zogopoulos, E. (2020, 03 11). COVID-19: The Curious Case of a Green Virus. 11 16, 2020 tarihinde Energy Industry Review: https://energyindustryreview.com/analysis/covid-19-the-curious-case-of-a-green-virus/ adresinden alındı
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Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Urban Life: Turkish Case

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 1081 - 1095, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.26835/my.883439

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic emerged in Wuhan, China and spread all over the world in a short time. The highly contagious virus has affected human behavior in all areas of life. In order to reduce human mobility in cities and to prevent coexistence, restrictions have been made and measures have been taken to prevent the spread of the virus. With the restrictions, life has almost over. This stagnation period has visibly affected both the environment and human behavior. The effects of new behaviors brought by the virus on the environment, social-economic and physical environment have been observed. Changing human behavior and slowing down urban life have brought both positive and negative results. As a result of literature review in the study, the positive and negative effects of the pandemic process in the context of environmental, social-economic and physical environment in the cities around the world were examined. The study emphasizes the lock-down period due to the virus epidemic provides awareness on socioeconomic conditions, natural environment and built physical environment, the importance of cities and the need for critical thoughts on how they are managed. However, the effects of the pandemics on Turkey and the measures taken were brought together through research studies and news sources. In the line with the research studies examined, it is aimed to evaluate the effects of the pandemic in Turkey and to present the measures that can be taken because of the learned from these effects. Considering the effects during the lock-down period caused by the epidemic, there is a temporary improvement in the natural environment. From this recovery, it has been understood that lessons should be learned in order to take the necessary precautions after the pandemic. In addition to this improvement, negative economic conditions, the results of the increase in individual life, and situations where new measures should be taken were observed and suggestions were made as a result of the study.

References

  • Acar, Y. (2020). Yeni Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Salgını ve Turizm Faaliyetlerine Etkisi. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7-21.
  • Aloi, A., Alonso, B., Benavente, J., & Cordera, R. (tarih yok). Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Urban Mobility: Empirical Evidence from the City of Santander (Spain). sustainability(12).
  • Altan, S. (2020). COVID-19 Salgın Sürecinde Ulaşım. Bisikletizm.com: https://www.bisikletizm.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/COVID-19-SALGINI-SURECINDE-ULASIM.pdf adresinden alındı
  • Altınoluk, Ü., Üstev Bayer, S., Arar, B., & Tütüncüler , T. (2020). Covid-19'un Konut Tasarımına Olası Etkisi ve Biyofili Bağlamında Öneriler. Yapı Dergisi(462), s. 30-35.
  • Balcı, Y., & Çetin, G. (2020). Covid-19 pandemi Sürecinin Türkiye'de İstihdama Etkileri ve Kamu Açısından Alınması Gereken Tedbirler. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Covid-19 Bilimler Özel Sayısı, 40-58.
  • BBC News. (2020). Koronavirüs: Salgının İklim Değişikliğini Yavaşlatmaya Etkisi 'Sınırlı' Oldu.
  • Boterman, W. R. (2020). Urban‐Rural Polarisation in Times of the Corona Outbreak? The Early Demographic and Geographic Patterns of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Epidemic in the Netherlands. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie: Special Issue.
  • Bucsky, P. (2020). Modal share changes due to COVID-19: The case of Budapest. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives(8).
  • Caine, P. (2020, 04 02). The COVID-19 pandemic is generating tons of medical waste. 11 16, 2020 tarihinde The Verge: https://news.wttw.com/2020/04/02/environmental-impact-covid-19-lockdowns-seen-space adresinden alındı
  • Cartenì, A., Francesco, L. D., & Martino , M. (2020). How mobility habits influenced the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the Italian case study. Science of The Total Environment(741).
  • Connolly, C., Keil, R., & Ali, H. (2020). Extended urbanisation and the spatialities of infectious disease: Demographic change, infrastructure and governance. Urban Studies.
  • EEA. (2020, 03 25). Air pollution goes down as Europe takes hard measures to combat coronavirus. 11 16, 2020 tarihinde European Environment Agency: https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/air-pollution-goes-down-as adresinden alındı
  • Gandhiok, J., & Ibrar, M. (2020, 04 23). Covid-19: Noise Pollution Falls as Lockdown Rings in Sound of Slience. The Times of India: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/covid-19-noise-pollution-falls-as-lockdown-rings-in-sound-of-silence/articleshow/75309318.cms adresinden alındı
  • Haas, M. d., Faber, R., & Hamersma, M. (2020). How COVID-19 and the Dutch ‘intelligent lockdown’ change activities, work and travel behaviour: Evidence from longitudinal data in the Netherlands. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives(6).
  • Hamidi, S., Sabouri, S., & Ewing, R. (2020). Does Density Aggravate the COVID-19 Pandemic? Journal of the American Planning Association.
  • Henriques, M. (2020, 03 27). Will Covid-19 have a lasting impact on the environment? 11 16, 2020 tarihinde BBC news: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200326-covid-19-the-impact-of-coronavirus-on-the-environment adresinden alındı
  • IEA. (2020). Oil Market Report - March 2020. 11 16, 2020 tarihinde The International Energy Agency: https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-market-report-march-2020 adresinden alındı
  • Kerns, E., Masterson, E. A., Themann, C. L., & Calvert, G. M. (2018). Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations. Am J Ind Med, 477-491.
  • Kihato, C., & Landau, L. (2020). Coercion or the social contract? COVID 19 and spatial (in)justice in African cities. City & Society.
  • Kunzmann, K. R. (2020). Smart Cities After Covid-19: Ten Narratives. disP - The Planning Review, 20-31.
  • Lenzen, M., Sun, Y.-Y., Faturay, F., Ting, Y.-P., Geshchke, A., & Malik, A. (2018). The Carbon Footprint of Global Tourism. Nature Climate Change, 522-528.
  • Leonard, K. (2020). Medicine lines and COVID-19: Indigenous geographies of imagined bordering. Dialogues in Human Geography, 164-168.
  • M.Hadjidemetriou, G., Sasidharan, M., Kouyialis, G., & Parlikad, A. (2020). The impact of government measures and human mobility trend on COVID-19 related deaths in the UK. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives(6).
  • Mishra, S. V., Gayen, A., & Haque, M. (2020). COVID-19 and urban vulnerability in the megacities of the global south. Socarxiv Papers.
  • Mishra, S., Gayen, A., & Haque, S. (2020). COVID-19 and urban vulnerability in India. Habitat International.
  • Muhittin, A. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemisinin Türkiye Ekonomisine Etkilerinin Makroekonomik Analizi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Covid-19 Sosyal Bilimler Özel Sayısı, 191-221.
  • Rume, T., & Islam, S. D.-U. (2020). Environmental effects of COVID-19 pandemic and potential strategies of sustainability. Heliyon, 1-8.
  • Saha, J., Barman, B., & Chouhan, P. (2020). Lockdown for COVID-19 and its impact on community mobility in India: An analysis of the COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports, 2020. Children and Youth Services Review(116).
  • Sharifi, A., & Khavarian-Garmsir, A. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on cities and major lessons for urban planning, design, and management. Science of the Total Environment(749).
  • Thoi, P. (2020). Ho Chi Minh City- the front line against COVID-19 in Vietnam. City & Society .
  • USEPA. (2020). Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Pollution. 11 16, 2020 tarihinde https://www.epa.gov/no2-pollution/basic-information-about-no2 adresinden alındı
  • Wade, L. (2020). An Unequal blow. Science(368), 700-703.
  • Wasdani, K., & Prasad, A. (2020). The impossibility of social distancing among the urban poor: the case of an Indian slum in the times of COVID-19. Local Environment(25), 414-418.
  • WHO. (2020). Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . World Health Organization.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2020, 06 06). Demirören Haber Ajansı. İstanbul (DHA): https://www.dha.com.tr/saglikyasam/koronavirus-dogayi-olumlu-etkiledi/haber-1775041 adresinden alındı
  • Yunus, A. P., Masago, Y., & Hijioka, Y. (2020). COVID-19 and surface water quality: Improved lake water quality during the lockdown. Science of the Total Environment 731.
  • Zambrano-Monserrate, M. A., Ruano, M. A., & Sanchez-Alcalde, L. (2020). Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Science of the Total Environment 728.
  • Zogopoulos, E. (2020, 03 11). COVID-19: The Curious Case of a Green Virus. 11 16, 2020 tarihinde Energy Industry Review: https://energyindustryreview.com/analysis/covid-19-the-curious-case-of-a-green-virus/ adresinden alındı
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There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Sema Balçık 0000-0002-3515-1007

Cemre Kılınç 0000-0001-8651-6945

Gizem Karaoğlu 0000-0002-2228-9461

Ruşen Yamaçlı 0000-0001-9659-9246

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Balçık, S., Kılınç, C., Karaoğlu, G., Yamaçlı, R. (2021). Covid-19 Salgınının Kentsel Yaşama Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği. Mimarlık Ve Yaşam, 6(3), 1081-1095. https://doi.org/10.26835/my.883439