Performance Evaluation of Flywheel, Battery and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Systems on Frequency Regulation in the Context of Renewable Energy Integration

Abstract

Frequency regulation is a crucial aspect of power system operation as it ensures that the power systems operate in a stable manner. Variations in load and renewable energy generation are the main causes of frequency instability due to weather uncertainty. This paper investigates the effects of variations in load and renewable energy generation on frequency control in power systems. Also, three different energy storage technologies (Flywheel, Battery, and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) are integrated to test systems to investigate their effects on frequency control. To enhance the dynamic performance of the frequency controller, three recent optimization methods (Artificial Rabbit Optimization, Lightning Search Algorithm, and Whale Optimization Algorithm) are utilized when the test systems are subjected to different operating conditions and disturbances. The superiority of the Artificial Rabbit Optimization in comparison with other optimization methods is shown in effectively mitigating frequency oscillations in both single-area and two-area test systems. The energy storage solutions are evaluated in terms of damping effect, transient stability, and integral time absolute error index in two test systems. A compressive simulation study is conducted, and the results are presented and discussed.

Keywords

• Battery energy storage
• Flywheel energy storage
• Superconducting energy storage
• Wind turbine
• Photovoltaic
• Artificial rabbit optimization
• Lightning search algorithm
• Whale optimization algorithm

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