Evaluation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions in a Single Cylinder Four-Stroke Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel Derived from Chicken Waste with Additives

Year 2024, , 326 - 334, 30.10.2024

Sebastin Nesa Raj R , Stanly Jones Retnam B Dinesh R Dev Anand M Edwin Raja Dhas J

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1574462

Abstract

Biodiesel is a renewable, locally generated fuel made from vegetable oils, trans fats, or recycled restaurant grease for use in diesel automobiles and other diesel-powered equipment. The physical qualities of biodiesel are comparable to those of petroleum diesel. Biodiesel is used in compression-ignition engines in the same way as petroleum diesel. Biofuel can be made from biomass, but according to the Indian National Policy on Biofuels, biofuel extraction from edible oils is not permitted because it would result in a massive increase in consumer goods prices and perhaps lead to product scarcity. Hence, there is a need to search for alternative biofuel so that it does not affect our nation's national policy. Recently there has been a drastic increase in the consumption of chicken grown in farms. There is a huge problem in disposing of their waste. One major difficulty in waste treatment is poultry manure, often known as slaughter waste. This waste is sometimes dumped on wastelands, roadsides, and the banks of rivers, lakes, and ponds. This creates more sanitary problems for society. According to polls, poultry feces begin to decompose in around three hours. The odor of butcher's waste causes a lot of pollution in the air, as well as an increase in the density of bacteria in the atmosphere. Measures have been taken by the government for the safe disposal of these wastes. One of the major ways of disposal is to recycle this chicken slaughter waste in a useful manner so that it can serve society in a positive way. This could be done by converting this waste into fuel through various processes such as rendering, hydrolysis, extraction, acid esterification, alkaline transesterification, and finally by the extraction process. This produced fuel could be blended with existing diesel in varying concentrations and used in diesel engine-powered vehicles. In this work, the fuel is extracted from the chicken waste and blended with pure diesel and an Al2O3 additive in various proportions. These combinations are then tested on a single-cylinder diesel engine for fuel consumption and emission analysis. The results exhibited an overall better performance when compared to pure diesel.

Keywords

Biodiesel, chicken slaughter waste, emission, fuel consumption, recycling

References

• Arasu, R., Nick, W. Y. T., Rajani, B., Baskar, S., & Vijayesvaran, A. (2024). Intelligent Resource Monitoring and Control Method in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks for Electric Vehicle Enabled Microgrids. Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, and Dependable Applications (JoWUA), 15(3), 50-59.
• Ashrafi, M., Lister, J., & Gillen, D. (2022). Toward a harmonization of sustainability criteria for alternative marine fuels. Maritime Transport Research, 3, 100052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2022.100052.
• Barabash, D., Barabash, A., & Pinaev, S. (2020). Radiation Resistant Composite for Biological Protection of the Personnel. Archives for Technical Sciences, 2(23), 67–76.
• Chandrasekar, K., Sudhakar, S., Rajappan, R., Senthil, S., & Balu, P. (2022). Present developments and the reach of alternative fuel: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 51, 74-83.
• Dixit, S., & Rehman, A. (2012). Linseed oil as a potential resource for bio-diesel: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(7), 4415-4421.
• Ghadikolaei, M. A., Wong, P. K., Cheung, C. S., Zhao, J., Ning, Z., Yung, K. F., & Gali, N. K. (2021). Why is the world not yet ready to use alternative fuel vehicles?. Heliyon, 7, e07527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07527
• Gopan, S. N., Rajan, A. V., & Krishnan, B. R. (2021). Review of Bio-diesel production from waste cooking oil and analyze the IC engine performance. Materials Today: Proceedings, 37, 1208-1211.
• Hoang, A. T. (2019). Experimental study on spray and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with preheated bio-oils and diesel fuel. Energy, 171, 795-808.
• Janakiraman, S., Lakshmanan, T., & Raghu, P. (2021). Experimental investigative analysis of ternary (diesel+ biodiesel+ bio-ethanol) fuel blended with metal-doped titanium oxide nanoadditives tested on a diesel engine. Energy, 235, 121148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121148.
• Jelti, F., Allouhi, A., Al-Ghamdi, S. G., Saadani, R., Jamil, A., & Rahmoune, M. (2021). Environmental life cycle assessment of alternative fuels for city buses: A case study in Oujda city, Morocco. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(49), 25308-25319.
• Johari, A., Singh, S., & Vidya, S. (2022). Engine performance analysis for diesel engine using hydrogen as an alternative fuel. Materials Today: Proceedings, 56, 342-346.
• Karikalan, L., Sukenraj, K., & Chandrasekaran, M. (2021). Performance and pollutant analysis of diesel engine with cashew shell oil as bio-material. Materials Today: Proceedings, 37, 685-689.
• Liu, J., Wang, L., Wang, P., Sun, P., Liu, H., Meng, Z., & Ma, H. (2022). An overview of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers as alternative fuel for compression ignition engines. Fuel, 318, 123582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123582.
• Mei, D., Guo, D., Wang, C., Dai, P., Du, J., & Wang, J. (2020). Evaluation of esterified pyrolysis bio-oil as a diesel alternative. Journal of the Energy Institute, 93(4), 1382-1389.
• Nair, J. G., Raja, S., & Devapattabiraman, P. (2019). A Scientometric Assessment of Renewable Biomass Research Output in India. Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, 9(S1), 72–76.
• Patel, H. K., & Kumar, S. (2017). Experimental analysis on performance of diesel engine using mixture of diesel and bio-diesel as a working fuel with aluminum oxide nanoparticle additive. Thermal science and engineering progress, 4, 252-258.
• Punriboon, C., So-In, C., Aimtongkham, P., & Rujirakul, K. (2019). A Bio-Inspired Capacitated Vehicle-Routing Problem Scheme Using Artificial Bee Colony with Crossover Optimizations. Journal of Internet Services and Information Security, 9(3), 21-40.
• Reddy, M. J., Rakesh, N. S., Jayaraman, J., Anand, K. V., Appavu, P., & Arunkumar, T. (2021). Effect of novel bio-waste derived nano particles as additives on the performance of diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil biodiesel blends. Materials Today: Proceedings, 44, 3530-3535.
• Yağız, E., Ozyilmaz, G., & Ozyilmaz, A. T. (2022). Optimization of graphite-mineral oil ratio with response surface methodology in glucose oxidase-based carbon paste electrode design. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 7(1), 22-33.
• Yuan, X., Ding, X., Leng, L., Li, H., Shao, J., Qian, Y., & Zeng, G. (2018). Applications of bio-oil-based emulsions in a DI diesel engine: The effects of bio-oil compositions on engine performance and emissions. Energy, 154, 110-118.