Review
BibTex RIS Cite

New-Age Pyroelectric Radiographic X-Ray Generators

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 125 - 132, 17.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.567072

Abstract

Medical imaging history has begun with the discovery of X-rays. X-rays that are widely used since
their invention in different areas from projectional radiography to computed tomography. Year by
year their technology is improved in many aspects especially for their generation of which tubes
are changed to get the most efficient rays. Nowadays different mechanisms are studied to obtain
X-rays; one of them is pyroelectricity phenomena. Pyroelectricity is a material’s electricity
generation from temperature changes. The output spectra of the pyroelectric X-ray generator is
quite similar to traditional X-ray tubes, which gives a chance for replacing low-voltage pyroelectric
X-ray generators instead of high-voltage conventional X-ray tubes. The results of conducted
experiments and continued studies show us that the use of pyroelectricity for X-ray generation has
great advantages. More portable X-ray devices may be available in the near future, and these new
designs offer safer and easier to operate since they use only 12 Volts instead of kiloVolts. In
conclusion, healthcare technologies require high budges in general, this low-cost alternative might
make the radiological imaging available for low-income countries. In this paper, the fundamentals
of X-ray generation from pyroelectric material is reviewed, a device on the market, COOL-X, is
investigated, and both conventional method and pyroelectricity methods are compared.

References

  • Brownridge, J.D. (1992). Pyroelectric X-ray Generator. Nature, 358(6384).
  • Brownridge, J.D., & Raboy, S. (1999). Investigations of pyroelectric generation of x-rays. Journal of Applied Physics, 86(1),640-647.
  • Brownridge, J.D., & Shafroth, S.M. (2002). Electron Beam Production by Pyroelectric Crystals.
  • Carroll, Q. B., (2011) Radiography in the Digital Age: Physics, Exposure, Radiation Biology. 7th edition, Charles C. Thomas, Illinois, USA.
  • COOL-X X-Ray Generator. (2019). http://amptek.com/products/cool-x-pyroelectric-x-ray-generator/ (Accessed in February 2019).
  • Dance, D.R., Christofides, S., Maidment, A.D.A., & McLean, I.D. Ng, K.H. (2014). Diagnostic radiology physics: A handbook for teachers and students. 1st edition, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna.
  • Geuther, J., & Danon, Y. (2005). High-energy x-ray production with pyroelectric crystals. Journal of Applied Physics, 97(10).
  • Kotter, E. & Langer, M. (2002). Digital radiography with large-area flat-panel detectors. Eur Radiol, 12(10), 2562-2570.
  • Kusano, H., Hasebe, N., Nagaoka, H. et al. (2013). Basic studies on x-ray fluorescence analysis for active x-ray spectrometer on SELENE-2. Hard X-Ray Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XV.
  • Kusano, H., Oyama, Y., Naito, M. et al. (2014). Development of an x-ray generator using a pyroelectric crystal for x-ray fluorescence analysis on planetary landing missions. Proc. SPIE 9213, Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVI, 921316.
  • Smith, H., Goel, A. et.al. (2018). Grids. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/grids (Accessed in February 2019).
Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 125 - 132, 17.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.567072

Abstract

References

  • Brownridge, J.D. (1992). Pyroelectric X-ray Generator. Nature, 358(6384).
  • Brownridge, J.D., & Raboy, S. (1999). Investigations of pyroelectric generation of x-rays. Journal of Applied Physics, 86(1),640-647.
  • Brownridge, J.D., & Shafroth, S.M. (2002). Electron Beam Production by Pyroelectric Crystals.
  • Carroll, Q. B., (2011) Radiography in the Digital Age: Physics, Exposure, Radiation Biology. 7th edition, Charles C. Thomas, Illinois, USA.
  • COOL-X X-Ray Generator. (2019). http://amptek.com/products/cool-x-pyroelectric-x-ray-generator/ (Accessed in February 2019).
  • Dance, D.R., Christofides, S., Maidment, A.D.A., & McLean, I.D. Ng, K.H. (2014). Diagnostic radiology physics: A handbook for teachers and students. 1st edition, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna.
  • Geuther, J., & Danon, Y. (2005). High-energy x-ray production with pyroelectric crystals. Journal of Applied Physics, 97(10).
  • Kotter, E. & Langer, M. (2002). Digital radiography with large-area flat-panel detectors. Eur Radiol, 12(10), 2562-2570.
  • Kusano, H., Hasebe, N., Nagaoka, H. et al. (2013). Basic studies on x-ray fluorescence analysis for active x-ray spectrometer on SELENE-2. Hard X-Ray Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XV.
  • Kusano, H., Oyama, Y., Naito, M. et al. (2014). Development of an x-ray generator using a pyroelectric crystal for x-ray fluorescence analysis on planetary landing missions. Proc. SPIE 9213, Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVI, 921316.
  • Smith, H., Goel, A. et.al. (2018). Grids. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/grids (Accessed in February 2019).
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section 4
Authors

Yalcin Isler

Saadet Sena Egeli This is me

Alpman Manalp This is me

Publication Date May 17, 2019
Submission Date March 23, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Isler, Y., Egeli, S. S., & Manalp, A. (2019). New-Age Pyroelectric Radiographic X-Ray Generators. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 4(2), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.567072

                                                                                               We welcome all your submissions

                                                                                                             Warm regards,
                                                                                                      


All published work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Link . Creative Commons License
                                                                                         NESciences.com © 2015