Performance and Genotypic and Phenotypic Variations of Half Diallel Crosses in Yellow Maize Crop Zea Mays L

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 188 - 196, 01.04.2025

Raeed Mejbel Abdullah Saifuldeen Ahmed Hasan , Hasanain Ali Jaber

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1643492

Abstract

The experiment was conducted the 2023-2024 agricultural season. Ten yellow maize genotypes, were evaluated using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P≤0.01) for all studied traits. The results demonstrated the superiority of sire (8), while the hybrids exhibited the highest averages across all measured traits. Hybrid (4×8) excelled in ear number per plant, ear diameter (cm), grain number per row, and grain yield per plant (g). Hybrid (2×8) showed superiority in ear length (cm), while hybrid (6×8) was superior in the number of rows per ear and the total number of grains per ear. Additionally, hybrid (3×8) had the highest weight for 300 grains (g). The additive genetic variance values were higher than the dominant genetic variance for all traits, while environmental variance values were lower than both additive and dominant variance values. Regarding genotypic variation, its values increased for all traits compared to environmental variation. Similarly, phenotypic variation values were higher across all traits compared to both genetic and environmental variations.

Keywords

Performance , variation , half diallel crosses , yellow maize

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