THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRIME OF FORCED MARRIAGE IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION

Abstract

In armed conflicts in different parts of the world, it is a common practice for women to be abducted and forced to live in marriage without their consent. The Appeals Chamber of the Special Court for Sierra Leone, in its decision in 2008, recognized that forced marriages that took place in the country during the civil war constitute other inhuman acts under crimes against humanity. The decision in question is seen as the emergence of forced marriages as a separate crime in international criminal law. The decision brought with it criticism that forced marriages constitute crime of sexual slavery and that there is no need for a new crime as forced marriage in international criminal law. While the discussions on the crime of forced marriage continued, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia and the International Criminal Court confirmed the existence of the crime of forced marriage and revealed the definition and elements of the crime. In this study, the emergence of the crime of forced marriage in international criminal law, its development with court decisions, its elements and discussions about the crime are examined.

Keywords

• forced marriage
• other inhumane acts
• crimes against humanity
• sexual slavery
• international criminal law

Uluslararası Ceza Yargısında Zorla Evlilik Suçunun Gelişimi

Abstract

Dünyanın farklı bölgelerindeki silahlı çatışmalarda kadınların kaçırılarak, rızaları dışında evlilik birliği içinde yaşamaya zorlanması yaygın bir uygulama olarak gerçekleşmektedir. Sierra Leone Özel Mahkemesi Temyiz Dairesi, 2008 yılında verdiği kararla iç savaş esnasında ülkede gerçekleşen zorla evliliklerin insanlığa karşı suçlar altında diğer insanlık dışı eylem oluşturduğunu kabul etmiştir. Söz konusu karar, uluslararası ceza hukukunda zorla evliliklerin ayrı bir suç olarak ortaya çıkışı olarak görülmektedir. Karar, zorla evliliklerin cinsel kölelik suçunu oluşturduğu ve uluslararası ceza hukukunda zorla evlilik şeklinde yeni bir suça gereksinim olmadığı şeklindeki eleştirileri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Zorla evlilik suçuna ilişkin tartışmalar devam ederken Kamboçya Mahkemeleri Olağanüstü Daireleri ile Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi kararlarıyla zorla evlilik suçunun varlığını teyit etmiş, suçun tanımını ve unsurlarını ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmada zorla evlilik suçunun uluslararası ceza hukukunda ortaya çıkışı, mahkeme kararlarıyla gelişimi, unsurları ve suça ilişkin tartışmalar ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

• zorla evlilik
• diğer insanlık dışı eylemler
• insanlığa karşı suç
• cinsel kölelik
• uluslararası ceza hukuku

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