DAVRANIŞSAL KAMU POLİTİKALARININ DÖRT MEVSİMİ

Abstract

Bu çalışma, son yıllarda etkili kamu politikası tasarımına dair hükümetlerin gündeminde yer edinen ve akademik yazında ön plana çıkan davranışsal kamu politikalarının dününü, bugününü ve geleceğini sorgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. İlgili amaç doğrultusunda çalışmanın bakış açısını; Haenlein ve Kaplan’ın dört mevsim (ilkbahar, yaz, sonbahar ve kış) analojisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada; davranışsal kamu politikalarının ilkbahar mevsimi olarak alanın ortaya çıkışına neden olan gelişmeler irdelenmiş, yaz mevsimi olarak ise dürtmenin egemenliğinde gelişimi üzerinde durulmuştur. Dürtmenin popülaritesi beraberinde pek çok eleştiriyi de getirmiştir. Toplumsal sorunları çözmede bireysel sorumluluğa odaklandığı, bu nedenle sistem düzeyinde var olan sorunlara dair politika değişikliklerini engellediği, birey davranışında sürdürülebilir ve uzun vadeli etkisinin kısıtlılığı, seçim mimarisi temelinde karar ortamlarını şekillendirirken bu ortamın oluşmasına neden olan altyapının doğasına ve tasarımına odaklanmadığı gibi çok sayıda eleştiri dürtme üzerinden değerlendirilen davranışsal kamu politikaları alanının sonbahar mevsimini yaşaması olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Son olarak ise alanın gelecekte kış mevsimini yaşamaması için davranışsal kamu politikalarını besleyen içgörülerin hem birey hem de sistem düzeyinde potansiyel katkısının farkında olunarak stratejik bakış açısının benimsenmesi önerilmiştir.

Keywords

• Dürtme
• Davranışsal Kamu Politikaları
• İnsan Odaklı (İ-çerçeve) Politika Müdahaleleri
• Sistem Odaklı (S-çerçeve) Politika Müdahaleleri

THE FOUR SEASONS OF BEHAVIORAL PUBLIC POLICIES

Abstract

This study aims to question the past, present and future of behavioral public policies, which have been on the agenda of governments in recent years regarding effective public policy design and has come to the fore in the academic literature. In line with this purpose, the perspective of the study is based on Haenlein and Kaplan's analogy of the four seasons (spring, summer, fall and winter). The study examines the developments that led to the emergence of the field as the spring season of behavioral public policies and focuses on its development under the dominance of nudge as the summer season. The popularity of nudging has brought with it many criticisms. Numerous criticisms such as its focus on individual responsibility in solving social problems, thus preventing policy changes regarding system-level problems, its limited sustainable and long-term impact on individual behavior, and its lack of focus on the nature and design of the infrastructure that creates this environment while shaping decision environments on the basis of choice architecture have been evaluated as the autumn season of the field of behavioral public policies evaluated through nudge theory. Finally, in order to prevent the field from experiencing winter in the future, it is suggested to adopt a strategic perspective by being aware of the potential contribution of insights that feed behavioral public policies at both individual and system levels.

Keywords

• Nudge
• Behavioral Public Policy
• I-frame Policy Interventions
• S-frame Policy Interventions

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