Lojistik 4.0'ı Etkileyen Fırsat ve Zorlukların Belirlenmesi: Ankara Lojistik Üssü’nde Bir Araştırma

Öz

Bu çalışma, Ankara Lojistik Üssü'nde yer alan lojistik işletmelerinin Lojistik 4.0'ın uygulanmasına ilişkin fırsat ve zorluklara bakış açılarını araştırmaktadır. Ankete katılan 209 şirketin çoğu ulusal çapta faaliyet göstermektedir ve küçük ila orta ölçeklidir. Bulgular, bir şirketin operasyonel alanının, büyüklüğünün ve mevcut dijital teknoloji kullanımının Lojistik 4.0'a bakışını önemli ölçüde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Daha büyük, uluslararası alanda aktif firmalar dijital teknolojilere daha fazla yatırım yapma ve Lojistik 4.0 konusunda daha fazla farkındalık gösterme eğilimindedir. Buna karşılık, daha küçük, ulusal firmalar sınırlı yatırım ve anlayış sergilemektedir. İlginç bir şekilde, Lojistik 4.0 teknolojilerinin yüksek maliyeti nedeniyle, büyük işletmelerden küçük işletmelere doğru teknoloji benimsenmesinde bir “gösterim etkisi” yoktur. Stratejik, operasyonel, çevresel ve sosyal fırsatlar gelecekteki benimseme için olumlu itici güçler olarak kabul edilse de, yüksek yatırım maliyetleri, güvenlik endişeleri, kalifiye çalışan eksikliği ve değişime direnç gibi önemli zorluklar uygulamayı engellemektedir. Çalışma, verimlilik ve rekabetçilik potansiyeline rağmen Lojistik 4.0'ın Türkiye'deki lojistik sektöründe, özellikle de küçük işletmeler arasında benimsenme engelleriyle karşılaştığı sonucuna varmaktadır. Gelecekteki araştırmalar aktif olarak uygulayan firmalara odaklanmalı ve genellenebilirliği artırmak için daha büyük, daha çeşitli bir örneklem içermelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lojistik 4.0
• Fırsatlar
• Zorluklar
• Ankara Lojistik Üssü

Identifying Opportunities and Challenges Affecting Logistics 4.0: A Research in Ankara Logistics Base

Abstract

This study explores the perspectives of logistics enterprises at the Ankara Logistics Base in Turkey on the opportunities and challenges of implementing Logistics 4.0. Of the 209 companies surveyed, most operate nationally and are small to medium-sized. The findings suggest that a company's operational domain, size, and existing digital technology usage significantly impact its view of Logistics 4.0. Larger, internationally active firms tend to invest more in digital technologies and demonstrate greater awareness of Logistics 4.0. In contrast, smaller, national firms exhibit limited investment and understanding. Interestingly, there is no "demonstration effect" of technology adoption from large to small enterprises, primarily due to the high cost of Logistics 4.0 technologies. Although strategic, operational, environmental, and social opportunities are recognized as positive drivers for future adoption, significant challenges, including high investment costs, security concerns, a lack of qualified employees, and resistance to change, hinder implementation. The study concludes that, despite its potential for efficiency and competitiveness, Logistics 4.0 faces adoption barriers in Turkey's logistics sector, particularly among smaller businesses. Future research should focus on actively implementing firms and include a larger, more diverse sample to enhance generalizability.

Keywords

• Logistics 4.0
• Opportunities
• Challenges

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