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ANAYASA HUKUKU VE VATANDAŞLIĞIN BİRLİKTELİĞİ: ANAYASAL VATANSEVERLİK KAVRAMINA GİRİŞ

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 17 - 33, 30.06.2020

Abstract

Bu akademik çalışmada, anayasa hukuku ve siyaset bilimi özelinde, anayasal vatanseverlik kavramının 2.Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemdeki tarihsel gelişimi, siyaset bilimi teorisi olarak tanımlanması, disiplinler arası bilimsel çalışmaların anayasal vatanseverlik konseptine katkısı, anayasal vatanseverlik kavramına getirilen eleştiriler ve anayasal vatanseverlik kavramının teorisyenleri tarafından eleştirilere ilişkin açıklamalar ele alınmaktadır. 2.Dünya Savaşı’nda ırka ve etnik yapıya dayalı siyaset (Nazi Almanyası özelinde) soykırım, işkence ve toplama kampları (Amerikalı Japonların toplama kamplarına alınması, Yahudi toplama kampları ve Yahudi soykırımı) gibi savaş suçlarını ve insan hakları ihlallerini doğurmuştur. Liberal demokratik anayasal sistemin 2.Dünya Savaşı sırasında yaşanan insan haklarını ihlallerinin yeniden yaşanmasını engelleyeceği öngörülmüştür. Anayasal vatanseverlik konsepti liberal demokratik değerlerin anayasal normlar olarak yer almasıyla toplumu oluşturan bireylerin anayasal normlar ekseninde birlik ve beraberlik sağlamasından doğmaktadır. Toplumun anayasal normlara olan bağlılığı ve liberal değerler ile bireylerin birbirine gösterdiği saygı anayasal vatanseverlik olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Anayasal vatanseverlik kavramı bir siyaset bilim teorisi olarak 2.Dünya Savaşı sonrasında, post-milliyetçi dönemde Batı Almanya’da ortaya çıkmış bir kavramdır. Anayasal vatanseverlik kavramı temelinde geleneksel toplumsal kimlik tanımının aksine post-geleneksel (etnik, ulusal kültürel ve tarihsel değerlerden faydalanılmadan) bir toplumsal kimlik tanımı yapılmıştır. Dolf Sternberger tarafından 1979 yılında Batı Almanya’da ilk kez siyaset bilimi literatüründe anayasal vatanseverlik kavramı kullanılmıştır. Sonrasında anayasal vatanseverlik kavramı Jürgen Habermas tarafından geliştirilmiş ve liberal değerler ekseninde yeniden düzenlenerek İngilizce literatüre kazandırılmıştır. Jan-Werner Müller tarafından ise anayasal vatanseverlik kavramı detaylandırılmış, toplumsal birlik ve beraberliğin yasama ve yürütme faaliyetlerine, devletin kamusal otoritesine ilişkin anayasal normlar üzerinde olmasının yeterli olduğu savunulmuştur. Müller, toplumu oluşturan bireylerin yerel, kültürel, tarihsel değerlerine göre diğer anayasal normları yorumlamasının ise siyasal partilerin doğmasını sağlayacağını ve anayasal kültürün oluşacağını belirtmiştir. Siyaset bilimci George Kateb ve William E. Connolly; hukukçu Chaim Gans ve Joseph Weiler tarafından anayasal vatanseverlik kavramına getirilen eleştiriler disiplinler arası çalışmalardan da faydalanılarak anayasal vatanseverlik kavramının teorisyenleri olan Habermas ve Müller tarafından cevaplandırılmıştır. Liberal demokratik değerler ekseninde toplumsal huzur ve barışın sağlanmasını hedefleyen anayasal vatanseverlik kavramı evrensel düzeyde devletler arasında da barışı sağlamayı hedeflemektedir.

References

  • Abraham, D. (2008). Constitutional Patriotism, Citizenship, and Belonging, 5 INT’L J. CONST. L.Oxford: Oxford Academic.
  • Backhouse, S. (2011), Kierkagaard’s Critique of Christian Nationalism, Oxford University Press.
  • Behrmann, G.C. (1993) ‘Verfassung, Volk und Vaterland: Zur historischen, pa¨dagogischen und politisch-kulturellen Verortung des Verfassungspatriotismus’.Schwalbach: Taunus.
  • Ceric, M. (Jan 4, 2006) Der Wunsch nach einem Staat könnte radikaler sein [The Desire for a State could be More Radical], FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG.
  • Connolly, W.E.(2000). “The Liberal Image of the Nation,” in Political Theory and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cronin,C.(2003). “Democracy and Collective Identity: In Defence of Constitutional Patriotism,” European Journal of Philosophy 11, no. 1. (s. 1–28).
  • Ferry, J.M. (2000). La question de l”E´ tat europe´en. Paris: Gallimard.
  • Gauchet, M(2005). La condition historique: Entretiens avec Franc¸ois Azouvi et Sylvain Piron. Paris: Gallimard.
  • Gans, C. (2003). Limits of Nationalism.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1989). The New Conservatism: Cultural Criticism and the Historians’ Debate, ed. and tr. Shierry Weber Nicholsen. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1990) Die nachholende Revolution, Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp.
  • Habermas, J. (1994). Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitutional State.
  • Habermas,J.(1997). “Appendix II: Citizenship and National Identity”.Cambridge: Cambridge Polity Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1998). The Inclusion of the Other. Massachusetts: MIT Press.
  • Habermas,J.(2001). “Constitutional Democracy: A Paradoxical Union of Contradictory Principles?” Political Theory 29, no. 6. (s. 766–81).
  • Habermas, J. and Derrida, J. (September 2003). “February 15, or What Binds Europeans Together: A Plea for a Common Foreign Policy, Beginning in the Core of Europe,” Constellations 10, no. 3.
  • Hayward, C. R. (2007). Constellations Volume 14/2: Democracy Identity Problem.New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing. (s. 182-196).
  • Hogg, M. and Abrams, D. (1988). Social Identifications. London: Routledge. Jaspers, K. (1946) Die Schuldfrage: Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Frage, Zurich: Artemis.
  • Kumm, M. (2008). Why Europeans Will Not Embrace Constitutional Patriotism, 5 INT’L J. CONST. L. Oxford: Oxford Academic.
  • Loewenstein, K. (1937). ‘Militant democracy and fundamental rights I’, American Political Science Review. 31: 417–432.
  • McCarthy, T. (2008). Ethics, Vol. 118, No. 4: Constitutional Patriotism.Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (s. 739-742).
  • Michelman,F. I.(2001). “Morality, Identity and ‘Constitutional Patriotism,’ ” Ratio Juris 14.
  • Müller, J.-W. (2000) Another Country: German Intellectuals, Unification and National Identity, London: Yale University Press.
  • Müller, J. W. (2006).Contemporary Political Theory: On The Origins of Constitutional Patriotism. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.(s. 278-296).
  • Müller, J. W. (2007). Constitutional Patriotism. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Müller, J.W.(2008a). A General Theory of Constitutional Patriotism, 5 INT’L J. CONST. L. Oxford:Oxford Academic.
  • Müller, J. W. & Scheppele, K. L. (2008b). International Journal of Constitutional Law 6/1: Constitutional Patriotism: An Introduction.Oxford: Oxford University Press.(s. 67-71).
  • Nussbaum, M. (1996). For Love of Country: Debating the Limits of Patriotism. Boston: Beacon.
  • NSSUSA-NSHS.(2001).the discussion of “smart borders” in the NSSUSA, 22–3; the section in the same document titled “Domestic Counterterrorism, 25–8; and, in the NSSUSA, section V, titled “Prevent Our Enemies from Threatening Us, Our Allies, and Our Friends, with Weapons of Mass Destruction.”
  • Postel, D.(June 2007). Last Words from Richard Rorty, THE PROGRESSIVE, (Erişim linki: http://www.progressive.org/mag_postel0607).
  • Rawls, J. (2003), The Theory of Justice, Harvard University Press.
  • Raz, J. (2001). Value, Respect and Attachment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Schmitt, C. (1967) ‘Die Tyrannei der Werte’, in Sa¨kularisation und Utopie — Ebracher Studien: Ernst Forsthoff zum 65. Geburtstag, Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, s. 37–62.
  • Smend, R. (1994) Staatsrechtliche Abhandlungen und andere Aufsa¨tze, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.
  • Soltan,K. E. (2008). Constitutional Patriotism and Militant Moderation , 5 INT’L J. CONST. L. Oxford:Oxford Academic.
  • Specter, M. G. (2010). Habermas Was an Intellectual Biograpgy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Steinberg, P., M. (1996), Walter Benjamin and the Demands of History, Cornell University Press.
  • Sternberger, D.( May 23, 1979). Verfassungspatriotismus [ Constitutional Patriotism ], FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG.
  • Sternberger, D. (1972) ‘Böll, der Staat und die Gnade’, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 2 February.
  • Sternberger,D. (1990). ‘’Verfassungspatriotismus’’. Insel verlag.
  • Vincent, A (2002) Nationalism and Particularity.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 17 - 33, 30.06.2020

Abstract

References

  • Abraham, D. (2008). Constitutional Patriotism, Citizenship, and Belonging, 5 INT’L J. CONST. L.Oxford: Oxford Academic.
  • Backhouse, S. (2011), Kierkagaard’s Critique of Christian Nationalism, Oxford University Press.
  • Behrmann, G.C. (1993) ‘Verfassung, Volk und Vaterland: Zur historischen, pa¨dagogischen und politisch-kulturellen Verortung des Verfassungspatriotismus’.Schwalbach: Taunus.
  • Ceric, M. (Jan 4, 2006) Der Wunsch nach einem Staat könnte radikaler sein [The Desire for a State could be More Radical], FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG.
  • Connolly, W.E.(2000). “The Liberal Image of the Nation,” in Political Theory and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cronin,C.(2003). “Democracy and Collective Identity: In Defence of Constitutional Patriotism,” European Journal of Philosophy 11, no. 1. (s. 1–28).
  • Ferry, J.M. (2000). La question de l”E´ tat europe´en. Paris: Gallimard.
  • Gauchet, M(2005). La condition historique: Entretiens avec Franc¸ois Azouvi et Sylvain Piron. Paris: Gallimard.
  • Gans, C. (2003). Limits of Nationalism.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1989). The New Conservatism: Cultural Criticism and the Historians’ Debate, ed. and tr. Shierry Weber Nicholsen. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1990) Die nachholende Revolution, Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp.
  • Habermas, J. (1994). Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitutional State.
  • Habermas,J.(1997). “Appendix II: Citizenship and National Identity”.Cambridge: Cambridge Polity Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1998). The Inclusion of the Other. Massachusetts: MIT Press.
  • Habermas,J.(2001). “Constitutional Democracy: A Paradoxical Union of Contradictory Principles?” Political Theory 29, no. 6. (s. 766–81).
  • Habermas, J. and Derrida, J. (September 2003). “February 15, or What Binds Europeans Together: A Plea for a Common Foreign Policy, Beginning in the Core of Europe,” Constellations 10, no. 3.
  • Hayward, C. R. (2007). Constellations Volume 14/2: Democracy Identity Problem.New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing. (s. 182-196).
  • Hogg, M. and Abrams, D. (1988). Social Identifications. London: Routledge. Jaspers, K. (1946) Die Schuldfrage: Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Frage, Zurich: Artemis.
  • Kumm, M. (2008). Why Europeans Will Not Embrace Constitutional Patriotism, 5 INT’L J. CONST. L. Oxford: Oxford Academic.
  • Loewenstein, K. (1937). ‘Militant democracy and fundamental rights I’, American Political Science Review. 31: 417–432.
  • McCarthy, T. (2008). Ethics, Vol. 118, No. 4: Constitutional Patriotism.Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (s. 739-742).
  • Michelman,F. I.(2001). “Morality, Identity and ‘Constitutional Patriotism,’ ” Ratio Juris 14.
  • Müller, J.-W. (2000) Another Country: German Intellectuals, Unification and National Identity, London: Yale University Press.
  • Müller, J. W. (2006).Contemporary Political Theory: On The Origins of Constitutional Patriotism. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.(s. 278-296).
  • Müller, J. W. (2007). Constitutional Patriotism. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Müller, J.W.(2008a). A General Theory of Constitutional Patriotism, 5 INT’L J. CONST. L. Oxford:Oxford Academic.
  • Müller, J. W. & Scheppele, K. L. (2008b). International Journal of Constitutional Law 6/1: Constitutional Patriotism: An Introduction.Oxford: Oxford University Press.(s. 67-71).
  • Nussbaum, M. (1996). For Love of Country: Debating the Limits of Patriotism. Boston: Beacon.
  • NSSUSA-NSHS.(2001).the discussion of “smart borders” in the NSSUSA, 22–3; the section in the same document titled “Domestic Counterterrorism, 25–8; and, in the NSSUSA, section V, titled “Prevent Our Enemies from Threatening Us, Our Allies, and Our Friends, with Weapons of Mass Destruction.”
  • Postel, D.(June 2007). Last Words from Richard Rorty, THE PROGRESSIVE, (Erişim linki: http://www.progressive.org/mag_postel0607).
  • Rawls, J. (2003), The Theory of Justice, Harvard University Press.
  • Raz, J. (2001). Value, Respect and Attachment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Schmitt, C. (1967) ‘Die Tyrannei der Werte’, in Sa¨kularisation und Utopie — Ebracher Studien: Ernst Forsthoff zum 65. Geburtstag, Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, s. 37–62.
  • Smend, R. (1994) Staatsrechtliche Abhandlungen und andere Aufsa¨tze, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.
  • Soltan,K. E. (2008). Constitutional Patriotism and Militant Moderation , 5 INT’L J. CONST. L. Oxford:Oxford Academic.
  • Specter, M. G. (2010). Habermas Was an Intellectual Biograpgy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Steinberg, P., M. (1996), Walter Benjamin and the Demands of History, Cornell University Press.
  • Sternberger, D.( May 23, 1979). Verfassungspatriotismus [ Constitutional Patriotism ], FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG.
  • Sternberger, D. (1972) ‘Böll, der Staat und die Gnade’, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 2 February.
  • Sternberger,D. (1990). ‘’Verfassungspatriotismus’’. Insel verlag.
  • Vincent, A (2002) Nationalism and Particularity.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gökhan Çınkara 0000-0001-8372-8571

İsmail Doğukan Bölükoğlu 0000-0001-7220-5185

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Submission Date April 22, 2020
Acceptance Date June 27, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çınkara, G., & Bölükoğlu, İ. D. (2020). ANAYASA HUKUKU VE VATANDAŞLIĞIN BİRLİKTELİĞİ: ANAYASAL VATANSEVERLİK KAVRAMINA GİRİŞ. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 17-33.

Journal of Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Political Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).