Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants in Saline Enviroments

Abstract

One of the most important environmental problems of our days is the pollutions caused by the petroleum pollutants. A number of activities like petroleum exploration and extraction works, tanker and ship accidents, leakages that occur in petroleum transfer and storage works, petrochemical industry, etc. are causing petroleum pollutions to be experienced in an intensive manner. The works carried out have shown that some varieties of microorganisms can disintegrate petroleum hydrocarbons (biodegradation) that are causing pollution in various ratios. The biodegradation of the hydrocarbon pollutants by microorganisms cannot be made by every type of microorganism due to high salt concentrations in saline areas. Due to this reason, the researches that have been carried out in saline areas for remedying the pollution that occur in saline areas are gaining importance. Information has been provided in this compilation on the biodegradation abilityproperties of petroleum hydrocarbons by the halophylic microorganisms that are important from the point of view of environmental biotechnology

Keywords

• Biodegradation, halophilic bacteria, halophilic archaea

Organik Kirleticilerin Tuzcul Çevrelerde Biyodegredasyonu

Abstract

Günümüzün en önemli çevresel sorunlarından biri petrol kirleticilerinin sebep oldukları kirliliklerdir. Petrol arama ve çıkarma çalışmaları, tanker ve gemi kazaları, petrol aktarma, depolama çalışmalarında meydana gelen sızıntılar, petrokimya endüstrisi vb. birçok faaliyet petrol kirliliklerinin yoğun bir şekilde yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar, bazı mikroorganizma türlerinin, kirliliğe sebep olan petrol hidrokarbonlarını çeşitli oranlarda parçalayabildiklerini (biyodegredasyon) göstermiştir. Hidrokarbon kirleticilerinin mikroorganizmalar tarafından biyodegredasyonu tuzcul alanlarda yüksek tuz konsantrasyonları sebebiyle her çeşit mikroorganizma ile yapılamamaktadır. Bu nedenle tuzcul alanlarda meydana gelen kirliliğin giderilmesi için yapılan araştırmalar önem kazanmaktadır. Bu derlemede, çevre biyoteknolojisi açısından önemli olan halofilik mikroorganizmaların petrol hidrokarbonlarını biyodegrede edebilme özellikleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. 

Keywords

• Biyodegredasyon, halofilik bakteri, halofilik arke

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