Bazı İlaç Kalıntılarının US ve US/H2O2 Prosesleri ile Giderimi

Abstract

Klasik atıksu arıtma tesisleri ilaçların tam ve etkin bir şekilde giderilmesi için tasarlanmamıştır. Bu nedenle bazı ilaç kalıntıları su ortamlarına deşarj edilebilir. İleri oksidasyon prosesleri bu kalıntıların giderilmesi için en çok kullanılan yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ultrases (US) ve ultrases-H₂O₂ (US- H₂O₂) proseslerinin Karbamazepin, (CBZ), Kafein(CAF) ve Parasetamol(PAR) ilaç kalıntılarının giderimin deki performanslarını değerlendirmektir. US-H₂O₂ prosesi farklı H₂O₂ konsantrasyonların da uygulanmıştır. Stok H₂O₂ çözeltisi ultrasonik su banyosuna ilaç çözeltileri yerleştirilmeden önce ilave edilmiştir. US-H₂O₂ prosesinde 1, 3, 5 ve 7 mg/L H₂O₂ konsantrasyonlarında çalışılmıştır. Bu uygulamada amaç US-H₂O₂ prosesi için optimum H₂O₂ konsantrasyonun belirlenmesidir. Tüm çalışmalar 53 kHz frekansında ve 90W elektriksel güçteki ultrasonik su banyosunda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Proses süresi 60 dakikadır. Her bir ilaç için giriş ve çıkış konsantrasyonları LC-MS/MS ile ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen deneysel sonuçlar göstermiştir ki ultrases tek başına kullanıldığında, CBZ, CAF ve PAR ilaç kalıntılarının giderimin de yeterli olamamıştır. Ancak,  US-H₂O₂ prosesi 7 mg/L H₂O₂ konsantrasyonunda, 60 dakikalık proses süresi sonunda sırasıyla CBZ için 33%, CAF için 25%, PAR için 31% giderim sağlamıştır. US-H₂O₂ prosesin de H₂O₂ konsantrasyonundaki artış tüm ilaç giderimlerini olumlu yönde etkilemiştir ve bu çalışma göstermiştir ki H₂O₂ konsantrasyonu bu proses için önemli bir işletme koşuludur.

Keywords

• Kafein,Karbamazepin,Parasetamol,Ultrases,Ultrases-H2O2

Removal of Some Pharmaceutical Residues by US and US/H2O2 Processes

Abstract

Conventional sewage treatment plants are not specifically designed for the efficient and complete removal of pharmaceuticals. Eventually, some pharmaceutical residues may discharge into the aquatic environment. Advanced oxidation processes are the most commonly used methods for the removal of these residues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ultrasonic(US) and ultrasonic-H₂O₂ processes on the removal of Carbamazepine(CBZ), Caffeine(CAF) and Paracetamol(PAR). The US-H₂O₂ process was applied at different H₂O₂ concentrations. The H₂O₂ stock solution was added to the pharmaceutical solutions before being placed in the ultrasonic sound bath. The US/H₂O₂ process was studied at 1, 3, 5 and 7 mg/L H₂O₂ concentrations. This application is aimed to determine the optimal H₂O₂ concentration for US-H₂O₂ process. All studies were carried out in ultrasonic water bath which was operated at fixed 53 kHz frequency and 90 W electrical power. The process time was set to 60 minutes. The inlet and outlet concentrations for each pharmaceutical were measured by LC-MS/MS instrument. The finding of experimental results show that US is not sufficiently effective for the removal of CBZ, CAF and PAR residues. On the other hand, the US-H₂O₂ process was investigated. Approximately 33%, 25% and 31% removal efficiencies were observed with 7 mg/L H₂O₂ concentration for CBZ, CAF and PAR at the end of 60 minutes, respectively. The increase in concentration of H₂O₂ affects positively the removal for each pharmaceutical residue in US-H₂O₂ process. This study has shown that H₂O₂ concentration is an important operating condition for this process.

Keywords

• Caffeine,Carbamazepine,Paracetamol,Ultrasound,Ultrasound-H2O2

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