Abstract
This paper focuses on the cultural, technological and economic exchanges along the silk road from the early times to the dissolution of the Mongol Empire and the role of the nomadic peoples inhabiting along the silk road for the development of it. Since the role of the nomadic peoples have long been either disregarded or have been a victim of stereotypes and prejudices, it is important to examine their role within a new perspective. In this respect, by putting the Central Eurasian steppe area to the centre, and the sedentary areas around it to the peripheries, this paper approaches the formation of the silk roads in a steppe-centered manner. In fact, without the nomadic empires, there would probably be no silk road, since without their protection and permission, no Chinese, Persian or European could take up the arduous journey between different points of Eurasia all of which were connected via the Central Eurasian steppe stretching from Hungary to Manchuria.
References
- Abramson, M. S. (2008). Ethnic Identity in Tang China. University of Pennsylvania Press.
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- Fa X. (1995). 佛国记注译 [Foguji Zhuyi]. Changchun Publishing House.
- Larson, G., & Burger, J. (2013). A population genetics view of animal domestication. Trends in Genetics, 29(4), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2013.01.003
- Leach, S., Lewis, M., Chenery, C., Müldner, G., & Eckardt, H. (2009). Migration and diversity in Roman Britain: A multidisciplinary approach to the identification of immigrants in Roman York, England. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 140(3), 546–561. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21104
- Legge, J., & Faxian. (2005). A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms. Cosimo, Inc.
- Peng, J. (2011). 东突厥汗国属部的突厥化—以粟特人为中心的考察 [Dong Tujue Hanguo Shudu de Tujuehua-Yi Suteren wei Zhongxin de Kaocha]. 历史研究 [Lishi Yanjiu: Historical Research], 2, 71–83.
- Skaff, J. K. (2004). Survival in the Frontier Zone: Comparative Perspectives on Identity and Political Allegiance in China’s Inner Asian Borderlands during the Sui-Tang Dynastic Transition (617-630). Journal of World History, 15(2), 117–153. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jwh/summary/v015/15.2skaff.html
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- Vaissière, É. de la. (2018). Sogdian Traders: A History. BRILL.
- Waugh, D. (2007). Richthofen’s “Silk Roads”: Toward the Archaeology of a Concept. The Silk Road, 5(1).
- Xuanzang. (2000). 大唐西域记校注 [Da Tang Xiyuji Jiaozhu]. Zhonghua Shuju.
- Xuanzang, Bianji, & Li, J. (1996). The great Tang dynasty record of the western regions. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation & Research.
Abstract
Bu çalışma en erken dönemlerden Moğol imparatorluğunun dağılmasına kadar geçen süreçte ipek yolu üzerinde kültürel, teknolojik ve ekonomik değiştokuşu ve ipekyolu güzergahında yaşayan göçebelerin bu yolun gelişiminde oynadıkları rollerini ele almaktadır. Göçebe toplumların rollerinin uzun süredir ya göz ardı edilmeleri ya da basmakalıp önyargıların kurbanları olmaları nedeniyle yeni bir bakış açısı ile yaklaşılması önemlidir. Bu bakımdan Merkezi Avrasya bozkırının merkeze oturtup çevresindeki yerleşik bölgeleri çevreye koyarak bu çalışma ipek yolunun oluşumuna bozkır-merkezli bir bakış açısı ile yaklaşmaktadır. Aslında bozkır imparatorlukları olmadan muhtemelen bir ipek yolu da olmazdı ve göçebelerin koruması ve izni olmadan bir Çinli, İranlı ya da Avrupalı da Avrasya’nın değişik noktalarını birbirine bağlayan ve Macaristan’dan Mançurya’ya uzanan bozkırlardan geçen bu zorlu yolculuğa da kalkışamazdı. Bu nedenle tarihi İpekyolu kavramının oluşumuna yalnızca tüccarlar ve ticaretin varış noktaları açısından değil bu ticareti mümkün kılan ve bu sırada kültür ve medeniyetlerin kaynaşmasına da yardımcı olan aracılar açısından da bakmadan konu tam olarak anlaşılamaz.
References
- Abramson, M. S. (2008). Ethnic Identity in Tang China. University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Aksoy, İ. (2016). Toplumsal ve Siyasal Süreçte Türk Kadını. Yasama Dergisi, 32, 8. http://www.yasader.org/web/yasama_dergisi/2016/sayi32/sayi32_7-20.pdf
- Allsen, T. T. (2004). Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Barfield, T. (1992). The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China, 221 BC to AD 1757. Wiley.
- Christopoulos, L. (2012). Hellenes and Romans in Ancient China (240 BC–1398 AD). Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 230, 1–79.
- Dong, F. (2010). 司马迁, 董仲舒音乐思想的对比研究 [Simaqian, dongzhongshu yinyue sixiang de duibi yanjiu: A Comparative Study of Sima Qian and Dong Zhongshu ’s Musical Thoughts]. 陕西师范大学学报 [Shanxi Shifan Daxue Xuebao], 5.
- Fa X. (1995). 佛国记注译 [Foguji Zhuyi]. Changchun Publishing House.
- Larson, G., & Burger, J. (2013). A population genetics view of animal domestication. Trends in Genetics, 29(4), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2013.01.003
- Leach, S., Lewis, M., Chenery, C., Müldner, G., & Eckardt, H. (2009). Migration and diversity in Roman Britain: A multidisciplinary approach to the identification of immigrants in Roman York, England. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 140(3), 546–561. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21104
- Legge, J., & Faxian. (2005). A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms. Cosimo, Inc.
- Peng, J. (2011). 东突厥汗国属部的突厥化—以粟特人为中心的考察 [Dong Tujue Hanguo Shudu de Tujuehua-Yi Suteren wei Zhongxin de Kaocha]. 历史研究 [Lishi Yanjiu: Historical Research], 2, 71–83.
- Skaff, J. K. (2004). Survival in the Frontier Zone: Comparative Perspectives on Identity and Political Allegiance in China’s Inner Asian Borderlands during the Sui-Tang Dynastic Transition (617-630). Journal of World History, 15(2), 117–153. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jwh/summary/v015/15.2skaff.html
- Skaff, J. K. (2012). Sui-Tang China and its Turko-Mongol Neighbors: Culture, Power, and Connections, 580-800. Oxford University Press.
- Vaissière, É. de la. (2018). Sogdian Traders: A History. BRILL.
- Waugh, D. (2007). Richthofen’s “Silk Roads”: Toward the Archaeology of a Concept. The Silk Road, 5(1).
- Xuanzang. (2000). 大唐西域记校注 [Da Tang Xiyuji Jiaozhu]. Zhonghua Shuju.
- Xuanzang, Bianji, & Li, J. (1996). The great Tang dynasty record of the western regions. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation & Research.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | History |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | October 2, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 |