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SANATSAL DÜŞÜNCELERİN YAPI TASARIMLARINA YANSIMASININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ: TATLİN KULESİ VE EINSTEIN KULESİ

Year 2022, , 170 - 186, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.985474

Abstract

20.yüzyıl mimarlığının erken dönemlerinde bakış açıları ve mimari üslupları ile fark yaratan Vladimir Tatlin ve Erich Mendelsohn, öncüleri olduğu iki farklı sanat akımı ile 20. ve 21. yüzyıl mimarlığında birçok mimarı etkilemiştir. İki mimar da geçmiş mimari birikimlerden ve izlenimlerinden yola çıkarak gözlemlerini sentezlemiş ve kendi üsluplarını yaratmayı başarmıştır. Konstrüktivizm akımının öncüsü olan Tatlin ve Ekspresyonizm akımının öncüsü Mendelsohn, zamanın sanatına katılarak ayrıca ondan ayrı da durarak alışılmadık bir pozisyon almışlardır. Bu çalışma, iki mimarın mekan ve tasarım anlayışlarındaki farkındalıkları ve birikimleri sonucu ortaya koydukları eserleri inceleyerek farklılıkları ve benzerlikleri açığa çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Belirlenen amaç doğrultusunda çalışmanın yöntemi, mimarların iki önemli eserinin biçimsel kompozisyonlarını tablolaştırarak çoklu düzeylerde karşılaştırmaktır. 20.yüzyılın başında aynı dönemlerde, farklı yerlerde yaşamış ve iki farklı kültürü temsil eden Konstrüktivist mimar Tatlin ile Ekspresyonist mimar Mandelsohn arasındaki tasarım anlayışlarını, Tatlin’in Tatlin Kulesi ve Mendelsohn’un Einstesin Kulesi eserleri üzerinden incelenecektir. Her ne kadar iki önemli akım arasındaki farklılığı temsil etseler de, Tatlin ve Mendelsohn sadece aynı dönem mimarı olmakla değil aynı zamanda tasarımlarına ve bakış açılarına uyan temel tasarım hedeflerinde de ortak noktada buluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, mimarlık tarihindeki iki etkili mimarın iki farklı kültürü temsil etmelerine rağmen tasarım anlayışlarının yapısında ortak yaklaşım paylaştıkları görülmüştür. Tatlin ve Mendelsohn örneğinden yola çıkarak; farklı mimari akımlara öncülük ederek birbirinden farklı tasarımlar ürettiği düşünülen mimarların, bakış açılarının benzerlik gösterebildiği ve aynı tasarım anlayışı ile farklı üretimler gerçekleştirebildiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Anderson, R. (2017). Monument to the Third International: Vladimir Tatlin. Companion to the History of Architecture, 1-13.
  • Berman, J. (1999). Mossehaus, Berlin. Erich Mendelsohn 1922. http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/mossehaus/index.html, adresinden 30.03.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Bois, Y. A. (1992). The semiology of cubism. In Picasso and Braque: A symposium (pp. 169-208). New York: Museum of Modern Art.
  • Cazorla, R. (2011). Russell House, San Francisco. http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/russell/index.html, adresinden 30.03.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Eilouti, B. H. (2009). Design knowledge recycling using precedent-based analysis and synthesis models. Design Studies, 30(4), 340-368.
  • Eilouti, B. (2012). Sinan and Palladio: two cultures and nine squares. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 6(1), 1-18.
  • Eilouti, B. (2017). Sinan and Palladio: A comparative morphological analysis of two sacred precedents. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 6(2), 231-247.
  • Frampton, K. and Simone, A. (2015). A Genealogy of Modern Architecture: Comparative Critical Analysis of Built Form. Lars Muller.
  • Eisenman, P. and Roman, M. (2015). Palladio Virtuel. Yale University, Press, New Haven.
  • Fredrickson, L. (1999). Vision and material practice: Vladimir Tatlin and the design of everyday objects. Design Issues, 15(1), 49-74.
  • Gintoff, V. (2015). A Short History of Yekaterinburg's Constructivist Architecture https://www.archdaily.com/775681/a-short-history-of-yekaterinburgs-constructivist-architecture, adresinden 30.03.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Gössel, P. and Leuthäuser, G. (2001). Architecture in the twentieth century (Vol. 1). Taschen.
  • Herman, G. S. (1988). Erich Mendelsohn and discontinuity of expression (Germany, Architecture) (Doctoral dissertation).
  • James, K. (1994). Expressionism, relativity, and the Einstein Tower. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 53(4), 392-413.
  • Kachurin, P. (2012). Working (for) the State: Vladimir Tatlin's Career in Early Soviet Russia and the Origins of The Monument to the Third International. Modernism/modernity, 19(1), 19-41.
  • Kargon, J. (2017). Critique of an ‘Artefactual’landscape: Erich Mendelsohn's engagement with the built and natural environment, 1919–1931. The Journal of Architecture, 22(5), 875-898.
  • Korkmaz, A. P. (2008). Sedad Hakkı Eldem “Türk Evi” Ve Frank Lloyd Wright “Prairie Evleri” Üzerinden Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(14), 35-51.
  • Kostof, S. (1995). A history of architecture: settings and rituals. New York: Oxford.
  • Kurbanovsky, A. A. (2008). Freud, Tatlin, and the Tower: How Soviet Psychoanalysts Might Have Interpreted the Monument to the Third International. Slavic Review, 67(4), 892-906.
  • Lodder, C. (1983). Russian constructivism. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Luckman, A. (2013). Erich Mendelsohn: an Investigation into the Likeability of Buildings.
  • Magnago Lampugnani, V. (1988). The Thames and Hudson encyclopaedia of 20th century architecture. Thames and Hudson, London.
  • Mendelsohn, E., Beyer, O., & Strachan, G. (1967). Eric Mendelsohn: Letters of an Architect. Edited by Oskar Beyer. Translated by Geoffrey Strachan, Etc.[With Illustrations, Including Portraits.]. London; printed in USA.
  • Milner, J. (1983). Vladimir Tatlin and the Russian avant-garde. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Nerdinger, W., & Schickel, G. (1988). Theodor Fischer. Ernst.
  • Nicholson, T. (2016). Architect Erich Mendelsohn | The Father of Streamline Moderne. https://theculturetrip.com/europe/germany/articles/architect-erich-mendelsohn-the-father-of-streamline-moderne, adresinden 30.03.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Nisbet, J. (2010). Material Propositions on the Individual/Collective: The Work of Vladimir Tatlin. Modernism/modernity, 17(1), 109-134.
  • Nitzan-Shiftan, A. (1993). Erich Mendelsohn: From Berlin to Jerusalem (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
  • Özkan, H. ve Azsöz, G. (2015). Mimar Sinan ve Çağdaşı Andrea Palladıo’nun Mekansal Sınırlamaya Getirdikleri Yenilikler Üzerine Bir Analiz Çalışması. 9. Uluslararası Sinan Sempozyumu, Edirne.
  • Rickey, G. (1967). Constructivism: Origins and evolution.
  • Rowell, M. (1978). Vladimir Tatlin: Form/Faktura. October, 7, 83-108.
  • Steinmetz, M., Denker, C., Rendtel, J., Pitz H., Grunewald, J., Petzold, H., Sprenger, D., Wolfsdorf, M., Krüger, T. ve Bauer, S.M. (2018). The Einstein Tower in Potsdam Final Report 2018. Denker, C. (ed.) Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP).
  • Strigalev, A. A. E. (1988). From Painting to the Construction of Matter. Zhadova L. A. (Ed.) Tatlin, Thames and Hudson, London.
  • Strigalev, A. A. E., & Harten, J. (1993). Vladimir Tatlin: Retrospektive. DuMont.
  • Tatlin, V. (1988). The work ahead of us. Russian Art of the Avant-Garde Theory and Criticism, ed. John Bowlt. New York: Thames and Hudson.
  • Url-1: Description of the painting by Vladimir Tatlin “Sailor”, https://en.opisanie-kartin.com adresinden 23.03.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Url-2, https://kavrakoglu.com adresinden 24.03.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Url-3: https://tr.pinterest.com adresinden 15.08.2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Url-4: https://en.wikiarquitectura.com adresinden 15.08.2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Url-5: https://sites.google.com/site/vannasobakamhk/vladimir-tatlin adresinden 15.08.2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Whittick, A. (1956). Eric Mendelsohn. New York: L. Hill.
  • Wilson, R. (2013). Man in a Hurry: A show of Erich Mendelsohn’s Drawings in Berlin. http://www.uncubemagazine.com/blog/11669621, adresinden 07.05.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Zarzar, K. M., & Guney, A. (Eds.). (2008). Understanding Meaningful Environments: Architectural precedents and the question of identity in creative design (Vol. 4). IOS Press.
  • Zevi, B. (1985). Erich Mendelsohn. Architectural Press.
  • Zhadova, L. A. (1988). Organizer of Material Into Objects. Tatlin, Thames and Hudson, London.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE REFLECTION OF ARTISTIC THOUGHTS ON BUILDING DESIGNS: TATLIN TOWER AND EINSTEIN TOWER

Year 2022, , 170 - 186, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.985474

Abstract

Vladimir Tatlin and Erich Mendelsohn, who made a difference with their perspectives and design styles in the early 20th century architecture, are discussed in the study. It is aimed to reveal the differences by examining the buildings created by the two architects as a result of their awareness and knowledge in their understanding of space and design. The method of the study is based on comparing the design approaches between Tatlin and Mandelsohn, who lived in the same periods, in different places and represented two different cultures at the beginning of the 20th century, by tabulating their formal compositions through Tatlin Tower and Einstein Tower. In the findings of the study, it has been seen that Tatlin and Mendelsohn, who are architects of the same period and represent two different art movements in the history of architecture, share a common approach in the structure and perspectives of their design understanding. Based on the example of Tatlin and Mendelsohn; It has been concluded that architects, who are thought to produce different designs by pioneering different architectural movements, can have similar perspectives and realize different productions with the same design understanding.

References

  • Anderson, R. (2017). Monument to the Third International: Vladimir Tatlin. Companion to the History of Architecture, 1-13.
  • Berman, J. (1999). Mossehaus, Berlin. Erich Mendelsohn 1922. http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/mossehaus/index.html, adresinden 30.03.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Bois, Y. A. (1992). The semiology of cubism. In Picasso and Braque: A symposium (pp. 169-208). New York: Museum of Modern Art.
  • Cazorla, R. (2011). Russell House, San Francisco. http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/russell/index.html, adresinden 30.03.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Eilouti, B. H. (2009). Design knowledge recycling using precedent-based analysis and synthesis models. Design Studies, 30(4), 340-368.
  • Eilouti, B. (2012). Sinan and Palladio: two cultures and nine squares. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 6(1), 1-18.
  • Eilouti, B. (2017). Sinan and Palladio: A comparative morphological analysis of two sacred precedents. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 6(2), 231-247.
  • Frampton, K. and Simone, A. (2015). A Genealogy of Modern Architecture: Comparative Critical Analysis of Built Form. Lars Muller.
  • Eisenman, P. and Roman, M. (2015). Palladio Virtuel. Yale University, Press, New Haven.
  • Fredrickson, L. (1999). Vision and material practice: Vladimir Tatlin and the design of everyday objects. Design Issues, 15(1), 49-74.
  • Gintoff, V. (2015). A Short History of Yekaterinburg's Constructivist Architecture https://www.archdaily.com/775681/a-short-history-of-yekaterinburgs-constructivist-architecture, adresinden 30.03.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Gössel, P. and Leuthäuser, G. (2001). Architecture in the twentieth century (Vol. 1). Taschen.
  • Herman, G. S. (1988). Erich Mendelsohn and discontinuity of expression (Germany, Architecture) (Doctoral dissertation).
  • James, K. (1994). Expressionism, relativity, and the Einstein Tower. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 53(4), 392-413.
  • Kachurin, P. (2012). Working (for) the State: Vladimir Tatlin's Career in Early Soviet Russia and the Origins of The Monument to the Third International. Modernism/modernity, 19(1), 19-41.
  • Kargon, J. (2017). Critique of an ‘Artefactual’landscape: Erich Mendelsohn's engagement with the built and natural environment, 1919–1931. The Journal of Architecture, 22(5), 875-898.
  • Korkmaz, A. P. (2008). Sedad Hakkı Eldem “Türk Evi” Ve Frank Lloyd Wright “Prairie Evleri” Üzerinden Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(14), 35-51.
  • Kostof, S. (1995). A history of architecture: settings and rituals. New York: Oxford.
  • Kurbanovsky, A. A. (2008). Freud, Tatlin, and the Tower: How Soviet Psychoanalysts Might Have Interpreted the Monument to the Third International. Slavic Review, 67(4), 892-906.
  • Lodder, C. (1983). Russian constructivism. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Luckman, A. (2013). Erich Mendelsohn: an Investigation into the Likeability of Buildings.
  • Magnago Lampugnani, V. (1988). The Thames and Hudson encyclopaedia of 20th century architecture. Thames and Hudson, London.
  • Mendelsohn, E., Beyer, O., & Strachan, G. (1967). Eric Mendelsohn: Letters of an Architect. Edited by Oskar Beyer. Translated by Geoffrey Strachan, Etc.[With Illustrations, Including Portraits.]. London; printed in USA.
  • Milner, J. (1983). Vladimir Tatlin and the Russian avant-garde. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Nerdinger, W., & Schickel, G. (1988). Theodor Fischer. Ernst.
  • Nicholson, T. (2016). Architect Erich Mendelsohn | The Father of Streamline Moderne. https://theculturetrip.com/europe/germany/articles/architect-erich-mendelsohn-the-father-of-streamline-moderne, adresinden 30.03.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Nisbet, J. (2010). Material Propositions on the Individual/Collective: The Work of Vladimir Tatlin. Modernism/modernity, 17(1), 109-134.
  • Nitzan-Shiftan, A. (1993). Erich Mendelsohn: From Berlin to Jerusalem (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
  • Özkan, H. ve Azsöz, G. (2015). Mimar Sinan ve Çağdaşı Andrea Palladıo’nun Mekansal Sınırlamaya Getirdikleri Yenilikler Üzerine Bir Analiz Çalışması. 9. Uluslararası Sinan Sempozyumu, Edirne.
  • Rickey, G. (1967). Constructivism: Origins and evolution.
  • Rowell, M. (1978). Vladimir Tatlin: Form/Faktura. October, 7, 83-108.
  • Steinmetz, M., Denker, C., Rendtel, J., Pitz H., Grunewald, J., Petzold, H., Sprenger, D., Wolfsdorf, M., Krüger, T. ve Bauer, S.M. (2018). The Einstein Tower in Potsdam Final Report 2018. Denker, C. (ed.) Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP).
  • Strigalev, A. A. E. (1988). From Painting to the Construction of Matter. Zhadova L. A. (Ed.) Tatlin, Thames and Hudson, London.
  • Strigalev, A. A. E., & Harten, J. (1993). Vladimir Tatlin: Retrospektive. DuMont.
  • Tatlin, V. (1988). The work ahead of us. Russian Art of the Avant-Garde Theory and Criticism, ed. John Bowlt. New York: Thames and Hudson.
  • Url-1: Description of the painting by Vladimir Tatlin “Sailor”, https://en.opisanie-kartin.com adresinden 23.03.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Url-2, https://kavrakoglu.com adresinden 24.03.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Url-3: https://tr.pinterest.com adresinden 15.08.2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Url-4: https://en.wikiarquitectura.com adresinden 15.08.2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Url-5: https://sites.google.com/site/vannasobakamhk/vladimir-tatlin adresinden 15.08.2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Whittick, A. (1956). Eric Mendelsohn. New York: L. Hill.
  • Wilson, R. (2013). Man in a Hurry: A show of Erich Mendelsohn’s Drawings in Berlin. http://www.uncubemagazine.com/blog/11669621, adresinden 07.05.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Zarzar, K. M., & Guney, A. (Eds.). (2008). Understanding Meaningful Environments: Architectural precedents and the question of identity in creative design (Vol. 4). IOS Press.
  • Zevi, B. (1985). Erich Mendelsohn. Architectural Press.
  • Zhadova, L. A. (1988). Organizer of Material Into Objects. Tatlin, Thames and Hudson, London.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İzzettin Kutlu 0000-0002-5546-5548

Ruşen Ergün 0000-0001-5253-3245

Publication Date March 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Kutlu, İ., & Ergün, R. (2022). SANATSAL DÜŞÜNCELERİN YAPI TASARIMLARINA YANSIMASININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ: TATLİN KULESİ VE EINSTEIN KULESİ. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 12(1), 170-186. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.985474