MARSHALL PLANI: ABD ÖNDERLİĞİNDE HEGEMONİK DÜNYA DÜZENİ İNŞA ETMEK İÇİN AVRUPA’YI YENİDEN İNŞA ETMEK

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 1566 - 1581, 30.09.2021

Yahya Gülseven

Abstract

Resmi adıyla Avrupa’yı Canlandırma Programı (ERP) olarak bilinen Marshall Planı, genel olarak mevcut uluslararası yardım mimarisinin temellerini atmış olarak kabul edilmektedir. Marshall Planı'nın çoğu analizi, benzersiz başarısına ve sonraki yardım programları için bir “başarı öyküsü” olarak ilham sağlaması üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Marshall Planı'nı yeniden yorumlamaktadır. Marshall Planı'nın yalnızca “yeniden inşa” ile sınırlı olmadığını, daha da önemlisi Batı Avrupa devletleri içinde ve arasında siyasi istikrar sağlayarak bu devletleri ABD önderliğinde uluslararası kapitalist düzene dahil etmeyi amaçladığını savunmaktadır. Buna göre, Marshall Planı, sadece sağladığı ayni ve mali yardımın etkisi açısından değil, daha çok ABD liderliğindeki çok taraflı bir uluslararası ekonomik düzenin inşasında oynadığı rol açısından değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

Marshall Planı, Avrupa Kurtarma Programı, Dış yardım, Bretton Woods sistemi.

THE MARSHALL PLAN: REBUILDING EUROPE TO BUILD A US-LED HEGEMONIC WORLD ORDER

Abstract

Officially known as the European Recovery Program (ERP), the Marshall Plan is generally considered to have laid the foundations of the current international aid architecture. Most analyses of the Marshall Plan focus on its unique success and the inspiration that it provided as a “success story” for the subsequent aid programs. This study offers a reinterpretation of the Marshall Plan. It argues that the Marshall Plan was by no means confined to rebuilding the physical environment, but also, and more importantly, it was aimed at providing political stability within and between Western European states and incorporating them into the US-led capitalist international order. Accordingly, the Marshall Plan is evaluated not simply in terms of the immediate impact of the material and financial aid that it provided, but rather in terms of its role in the construction of a US-led multilateral international economy.

Keywords

Marshall Plan, European Recovery Program, Foreign aid, the Bretton Woods system

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