DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHING MAJORS

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 2075 - 2090, 30.12.2022

Kasım Yon , Leyla Saraç

https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1122035

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine whether the digital citizenship levels of physical education teacher candidates differ according to their gender, grade level, and perceived computer skills and whether there is a relationship between the candidates' digital citizenship levels and ages and daily internet use levels. 171 teacher candidates with an average age of 21.96 participated in the research. The Demographic Information Form, which included questions about gender, age, grade level, perceived computer skill level, and daily internet usage time, and the Digital Citizenship Scale were used to collect data. The findings revealed that the digital citizenship levels of candidates did not differ according to gender and grade level but differed according to perceived computer skill levels, and the digital citizenship levels of candidates who perceive their computer skills as high were higher than the digital citizenship level of candidates who perceive their computer skills as low. In addition, there was no significant relationship between the digital citizenship levels of the candidates who perceived their computer skills at high or low levels, their age, and daily internet use time. As a result, the effective variable in the digital citizenship levels examined in physical education teacher candidates was the perceived computer skill level.

Keywords

Digital Citizenship Physical Education Teacher Candidate, Digital Citizenship Physical Education Teacher Candidate

BEDEN EĞİTİMİ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARINDA DİJİTAL VATANDAŞLIK

Abstract

Bu araştırmada beden eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının dijital vatandaşlık düzeylerinin adayların cinsiyetleri, öğrenim gördükleri sınıf düzeyi ve bilgisayar kullanım becerisine yönelik algılarına göre değişiklik gösterip göstermediğini ve adayların dijital vatandaşlık düzeyleri ile yaşları ve günlük internet kullanım düzeyleri arasında ilişki olup olmadığını incelemektir. Araştırmaya yaş ortalaması 21.96 olan 171 öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Veriler, cinsiyet, yaş, sınıf, algılanan bilgisayar becerisi düzeyi ve günlük internet kullanım süresine yönelik soruların yer aldığı Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Dijital Vatandaşlık Ölçeği aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları öğretmen adaylarının dijital vatandaşlık düzeylerinin cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyine göre farklılaşmadığını, ancak algılanan bilgisayar beceri düzeyine göre farklılaştığını; bilgisayar beceri düzeyini yüksek olarak algılayan adayların dijital vatandaşlık düzeyinin, düşük olarak algılayan adayların dijital vatandaşlık düzeyinden daha yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bunun yanında araştırmada, kendi bilgisayar becerisini açısından yüksek ve düşük düzeyde algılayan adayların dijital vatandaşlık düzeyi ile yaş ve günlük internet kullanım süresi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, beden eğitimi öğretmen adaylarında incelenen dijital vatandaşlık düzeyinde etkili değişkenin algılanan bilgisayar beceri düzeyi olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Keywords

Digital Citizenship, Physical Education, Teacher Candidate

References

• Aladağ, S., & Çiftci, S. (2017). An investigation of the relationship between digital citizenship levels of pre-service primary school teachers and their democratic values. European Journal of Education Studies, 3(6), 171-184. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.580091
• Albayrak Ozer, E., & Ozer, U. (2020). Effects on digital citizenship: The Turkish pre-service teachers’ perspective. Croatian Journal of Education, 22(2), 397-424. https://doi.org/10.15516/cje.v22i2.3520
• Aslan, S., & Çakmak, Z. (2018). An investigation of digital citizens' behaviours of social science teachers for some variables. Adıyaman University Journal of Educational Sciences, 8(1), 72-99. https://doi.org/10.17984/adyuebd.296203
• Ata, R., & Yıldırım, K. (2019). Turkish pre-service teachers’ perceptions of digital citizenship in education programs. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 18, 419-436. https://doi.org/10.28945/4392
• Balhara, Y. P. S., Mahapatra, A., Sharma, P., & Bhargava, R. (2018). Problematic internet use among students in South-East Asia: Current state of evidence. Indian Journal of Public Health, 62(3), 197-210. https://www.ijph.in/text.asp?2018/62/3/197/241093
• Bargh, J. A., & McKenna, K. Y. (2004). The Internet and social life. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 573-590. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141922
• Bennett, S., Maton, K., & Kervin, L. (2008). The ‘digital natives’ debate: A critical review of the evidence. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(5), 775-786. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2007.00793.x
• Campbell, M. A. (2005). Cyber bullying: An old problem in a new guise?. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 15(1), 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.15.1.68
• Castells, M. (2014). The impact of the internet on society: A global perspective. Change, 19, 127-148.
• Choi, M. (2016). A concept analysis of digital citizenship for democratic citizenship education in the internet age. Theory & Research in Social Education, 44(4), 565-607. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2016.1210549
• Choi, M., Cristol, D., & Gimbert, B. (2018). Teachers as digital citizens: The influence of individual backgrounds, internet use and psychological characteristics on teachers’ levels of digital citizenship. Computers & Education, 121, 143-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.03.005
• Choi, M., Glassman, M., & Cristol, D. (2017). What it means to be a citizen in the internet age: Development of a reliable and valid digital citizenship scale. Computers & Education, 107, 100‐112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.01.002
• Chung, T. W., Sum, S. M., & Chan, M. W. (2019). Adolescent internet addiction in Hong Kong: Prevalence, psychosocial correlates, and prevention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 64(6), S34-S43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.016
• Cristol, D., & Gimbert, B. G. (2018, November). Teachers as digital citizens: Factors influencing teachers’ levels of digital citizenship. In World conference on mobile and contextual learning (pp. 1-7).
• Çakmak, Z., & Aslan, S. (2018). An ınvestigation of digital citizens' behaviours of social science teachers for some variables. Adıyaman University Journal of Educational Sceinces, 8(1), 72-99. https://doi.org/10.17984/adyuebd.296203
• Çiftci, S., & Aladag, S. (2018). An İnvestigation of pre-service primary school teachers' attitudes towards digital technology and digital citizenship levels in terms of some variables. International Education Studies, 11(1), 111-118. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v11n1p111
• Council of Higher Education (2018). Teacher training programs for education faculties. Ankara: Turkish Council of Higher Education.
• Dedebali, N. C., & Dasdemir, I. (2019). Social studies teacher candidates’ perception of digital citizenship. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 5(3), 465-477. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.5.3.465
• Dere, İ., & Yavuzay, M. (2019). Examination of prospective social studies teachers through digital citizenship indicators. MANAS Journal of Social Studies, 8(3), 2400-2414. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.537592
• Diomidous, M., Chardalias, K., Magita, A., Koutonias, P., Panagiotopoulou, P., & Mantas, J. (2016). Social and psychological effects of the internet use. Acta Informatica Medica, 24(1), 66-68. https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2016.24.66-68
• Djudin, T., & Kartono, K. (2022). The perceptions on digital citizenship among prospective teachers: A survey-explorative study in Westkalimantan-Indonesia. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 10(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v10i1.5374
• Elcicek, M., Erdemci, H., & Karal, H. (2018). Examining the relationship between the levels of digital citizenship and social presence for the graduate students having online education. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 19(1), 203-214. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.382801
• Elmali, F., Tekin, A., & Polat, E. (2020). A Study on digital citizenship: Preschool teacher candidates vs. computer education and instructional technology teacher candidates. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 21(4), 251-269. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.803423
• Erdem, C. & Koçyiğit, M. (2019). Exploring undergraduates’ digital citizenship levels: Adaptation of the digital citizenship scale to Turkish. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 7(3), 22-38. https://doi.org/10.17220/mojet.2019.03.003
• Fallows, D. (2004). The Internet and daily life. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project.
• Ferrari, A. (2012). Digital competence in practice: An analysis of frameworks. Sevilla: JRC JRC Technical Reports. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2791/82116
• Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). New York: Mc Graw Hill.
• Frau-Meigs, D., O’Neill, B., Soriani, A., & Tomé, V. (2017). Digital citizenship education: Overview and new perspectives. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
• Galbreath, J. (1997). The Internet: Past, present, and future. Educational Technology, 37(6), 39-45.
• Ghamrawi, N. A. (2018). Schooling for digital citizens. Open Journal of Leadership, 7(03), 209-224. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojl.2018.73012
• Haythornthwaite, C.; Wellman, B. The Internet in everyday life: An introduction. In The Internet in Everyday Life; Wellman, B., Haythornthwaite, C., Eds.; Blackwell Publishing: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2002; pp. 3-41.
• Hollandsworth, R., Donovan, J., & Welch, M. (2017). Digital citizenship: You can’t go home again. TechTrends, 61(6), 524-530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-017-0190-4
• Hollandsworth, R., Dowdy, L., & Donovan, J. (2011). Digital citizenship in K-12: It takes a village. TechTrends, 55(4), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-011-0510-z
• Howard, P. E., Rainie, L., & Jones, S. (2001). Days and nights on the Internet: The impact of a diffusing technology. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 383-404. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764201045003003
• Hunsaker, A., & Hargittai, E. (2018). A review of Internet use among older adults. New Media & Society, 20(10), 3937-3954. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818787348
• Isin, E., & Ruppert, E. (2015). Being Digital Citizens. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers / Rowman & Littlefield International.
• Kansu, C. Ç., & Öksüz, Y. (2019). The perception and level of digital citizenship on pre-service classroom teachers. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(10), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i10.4443
• Kaya, M., & Imer, G. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between digital citizenship and digital literacy levels of secondary school students. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research, 6(12), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.7176/JSTR/6-12-02
• Kim, M., & Choi, D. (2018). Development of youth digital citizenship scale and implication for educational setting. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(1), 155-171. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26273877
• Kornbluh, K. (2018). The internet's lost promise: And how American can restore it. Foreign Affairs, 97, 33-39.
• Koltay, T. (2011). The media and the literacies: Media literacy, information literacy, digital literacy. Media, Culture & Society, 33(2), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710393382
• König, R., Seifert, A., & Doh, M. (2018). Internet use among older Europeans: An analysis based on SHARE data. Universal Access in the Information Society, 17(3), 621-633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-018-0609-5
• Leiner, B. M., Cerf, V. G., Clark, D. D., Kahn, R. E., Kleinrock, L., Lynch, D. C., ... & Wolff, S. (2009). A brief history of the Internet. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 39(5), 22-31.
• Leiner, B. M., Cerf, V. G., Clark, D. D., Kahn, R. E., Kleinrock, L., Lynch, D. C., ... & Wolff, S. S. (1997). The past and future history of the Internet. Communications of the ACM, 40(2), 102-108. https://doi.org/10.1145/253671.253741
• Liu, Y., & Liu, Q. (2021). Factors influencing teachers’ level of digital citizenship in underdeveloped regions of China. South African Journal of Education, 41(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v41n4a1886
• Livingstone, S., & Bober, M. (2004). Taking up online opportunities? Children's uses of the Internet for education, communication and participation. E-Learning and Digital Media, 1(3), 395-419. https://doi.org/10.2304/elea.2004.1.3.5
• Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children: full findings and policy implications from the EU Kids Online survey of 9-16 year olds and their parents in 25 countries. EU Kids Online, Deliverable D4. EU Kids Online Network, London, UK. Retrieved from: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/33731/1/Risks%20and%20safety%20on%20the%20internet%28lsero%29.pdf
• Madakam, S. , Ramaswamy, R., & Tripathi, S. (2015). Internet of Things (IoT): A literature review. Journal of Computer and Communications, 3(05), 164-173. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2015.35021
• Martínez-Domínguez, M., & Mora-Rivera, J. (2020). Internet adoption and usage patterns in rural Mexico. Technology in Society, 60, 101226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101226
• McKenna, K. Y., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). Causes and consequences of social interaction on the Internet: A conceptual framework. Media Psychology, 1(3), 249-269. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532785xmep0103_4
• Ministry of National Education [Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı] (2018). Education Vision 2023 [2023 Eğitim Vizyonu]. Retrieved from: https://www.gmka.gov.tr/dokumanlar/yayinlar/2023_E%C4%9Fitim%20Vizyonu.pdf
• Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C. J., & McNeal, R. S. (2008). Digital citizenship: The Internet, society, and participation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
• Mustafaoğlu, R., Zirek, E., Yasacı, Z., & Özdinçler, A. R. (2018). The negative effects of digital technology sage on children’s development and health. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 5(2), 13-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2018.5.2.0051
• Nascimbeni, F., & Vosloo, S. (2019). Digital literacy for children: Exploring definitions and frameworks. United Nations Children's Fund (Unicef).
• Nowland, R., Necka, E. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2018). Loneliness and social internet use: pathways to reconnection in a digital world?. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(1), 70-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617713052
• O’Brien, J. (2008). Are we preparing young people for 21st-century citizenship with 20th-century thinking? Building a case for a virtual laboratory of democracy. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 8(2), 125-157.
• Shelley, M., Thrane, L., Shulman, S., Lang, E., Beisser, S., Larson, T., & Mutiti, J. (2004). Digital citizenship: Parameters of the digital divide. Social Science Computer Review, 22(2), 256-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439303262580
• Quaglio, G., Miller, S. (2020). Potentially negative effects of internet use, In-depth analysis of the European Parliamentary Research Service, Brussels 2020. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2020/641540/EPRS_IDA(2020)641540_EN.pdf
• Ranguelov, S. (2010). Summary report education on online safety in schools in Europe. New Horizons in Education, 58(3), 149-163.
• Ribble, M., & Bailey, G. (2007). Digital Citizenship in Schools. Washington DC: ISTE.
• Richardson, J., & Milovidov, E. (2019). Digital citizenship education handbook: Being online, well-being online, and rights online. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
• Rodríguez-García, A. M., Moreno-Guerrero, A. J., & Lopez Belmonte, J. (2020). Nomophobia: An individual’s growing fear of being without a smartphone—a systematic literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020580
• Ruzgar, N. S. (2005). A research on the purpose of internet usage and learning via internet. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 4(4), 27-32.
• Sakallı, H., & Çiftçi, S. (2016). The investigation of the relationship between digital citizenship levels ad cyber bullying tendencies of prospective primary school teachers. Education Technology Theory and Practice, 6(2), 100-119. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.97311
• Scheerder, A. J., van Deursen, A. J., & van Dijk, J. A. (2019). Negative outcomes of Internet use: A qualitative analysis in the homes of families with different educational backgrounds. The Information Society, 35(5), 286-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2019.1649774
• Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., & Frisén, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.024
• Sohn, S. Y., Rees, P., Wildridge, B., Kalk, N. J., & Carter, B. (2019). Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2350-x
• Soykan, F., & Keser, H. (2018). A study on the digital citizenship level of preservice teachers according to diverse variables. Contemporary Educational Researches Journal, 8(4), 158-173. https://doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v8i3.3567
• Swallow, M. J. (2020, April). Exploring Preservice Teachers’ Digital Citizenship. In Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 1893-1898). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
• Simsek, E., & Simsek, A. (2013). New literacies for digital citizenship. Contemporary Educational Technology, 4(2), 126-137. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/6097
• Teo, T. S. H. (2001). Demographic and motivation variables associated with Internet usage activities. Internet Research, 11(2), 125-137. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240110695089
• Wearesocial. (2022). Digital 2022: Another Year of Bumper Growth. Retrieved from: https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2022/01/digital-2022-another-year-of-bumper-growth-2/
• Watkins, S. C. (2009). The young and the digital: What the migration to social-network sites, games, and anytime, anywhere media means for our future. Beacon Press.
• Willard, N. E. (2007). Cyber-safe kids, cyber-savvy teens: Helping young people learn to use the Internet safely and responsibly. John Wiley & Sons.
• Worldometer. (2022). Current world population. Retrieved from https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/
• Valcke, M., De Wever, B., Van Keer, H., & Schellens, T. (2011). Long-term study of safe Internet use of young children. Computers & Education, 57(1), 1292-1305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.01.010
• Valcke, M., Schellens, T., Van Keer, H., & Gerarts, M. (2007). Primary school children’s safe and unsafe use of the Internet at home and at school: An exploratory study. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(6), 2838-2850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.05.008
• Venkatesh, A. (1996). Computers and other interactive technologies for the home. Communications of the ACM, 39(12), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1145/240483.240491
• Xu, S., Yang, H. H., MacLeod, J., & Zhu, S. (2019). Interpersonal communication competence and digital citizenship among pre-service teachers in China’s teacher preparation programs. Journal of Moral Education, 48(2), 179-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2018.1458605
• Yılmaz, M. & Dogusoy, B. (2020). Determination of the digital citizenship levels of prospective teachers. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(6), 2362-2375. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.692492