Dost-düşman ayrımının ötesinde: Hans Morgenthau’da siyasal olanın ontolojik ve trajik yapısı

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 1412 - 1425, 29.09.2025

Ali Fuat Birol

https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1724345

Abstract

Bu çalışma, uluslararası ilişkiler düşüncesinin önemli figürlerinden Hans J. Morgenthau'nun erken dönem siyasal olana yönelik düşüncelerini ahlak ile kurduğu karmaşık ilişkiye odaklanarak incelemektedir. Morgenthau, siyaseti salt bir güç mücadelesi olarak gören geleneksel realpolitik perspektiften farklı olarak, siyaset ve ahlak arasında ontolojik bir ilişkiyi varsayan bir siyaset düşüncesine sahiptir. Morgenthau, siyasal olanı sabit ya da özsel bir kategori olarak değil, ontolojik olarak belirli bir ilişkiselliği içeren bir “nitelik” olarak görür. Bu yönüyle siyaset, hayatın her alanına nüfuz edebilen bir yoğunluk ilişkisi olarak işleme potansiyeliyle bir sınır mantığını da içermelidir. Yani siyaset, insan doğasının sınırlılıkları ve çelişkileriyle şekillenir; bu da Morgenthau’nun "siyasetin trajedisi" dediği durumu ifade eder. Bu noktayı daha da derinleştirmek için bu çalışmada, Morgenthau’nun düşünceleri Carl Schmitt’in siyasal olanı dost-düşman ayrımı üzerinden tanımlayan yaklaşımıyla ilişkili olarak tartışılacaktır. Bu tartışma, siyaseti çatışma ve mücadele bağlamında bir ontolojiyle ilişkilendiren iki düşünürün hangi noktalarda siyaset ile ahlak (morality) arasındaki ilişkiye farklı yaklaştığını inceleyerek, Morgenthau’nun siyasal olanı nasıl tanımladığı noktasında daha detaylı bir inceleme sağlamış olacaktır.

Keywords

Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri , Siyasal Ontoloji , Hans J. Morgenthau , Realizm , Carl Schmitt

Beyond the friend-enemy distinction: The ontological and tragic structure of the political in Hans Morgenthau

Abstract

This study examines the political philosophy of Hans J. Morgenthau, an important figure in international relations thought, with a particular focus on a discussion of the relationship between power and morality. Morgenthau departs from the traditional realpolitik perspective, which sees politics as a mere struggle for power, to a political thought in which politics and morality are inextricably linked. This relationship is intimately bound up with human nature and is deeply related to the conceptualization of the will to power that Morgenthau uses to define the political. In this context, Morgenthau's ideas will be discussed in relation to Carl Schmitt's approach that defines the political in terms of the friend-enemy distinction. This discussion will provide a more detailed examination of how Morgenthau defines the political by examining at which points the two thinkers, who have a similar approach to the relationship between power and politics, approach the relationship between politics and morality differently. In doing so, this study will present a discussion of the relationship between politics and morality in the context of human nature, taking into account recent studies that reconsider Morgenthau's classical realist approaches to power politics, and will help to address the complex relationship between politics and morality in Morgenthau's definition of international politics on a more detailed level.

Keywords

International Relations Theories , Political Ontology , Hans J. Morgenthau , Realism , Carl Schmitt

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