Gebelerde ve Yenidoğanlarda Vitamin B12 Düzeyinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Gebelerde vitamin B12 eksikliği yalnızca anneleri değil aynı zamanda bebeklerinide etkileyen önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Her ne kadar vitamin B12 eksikliği tüm dünyada ve tüm yaş gruplarında görülse de, sosyoekonomik düzeyi düşük toplumlarda görülme sıklığı daha yüksektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İstanbul’un sosyo-ekonomik düzeyi düşük bir bölgesi olan Bağcılar’da, gebe kadınların vitamin B12 düzeylerini belirlemek, annelerin vitamin B12 düzeyinin yenidoğan bebeklerin düzeyine etkisini ve Vitamin B12 eksikliği için risk faktörlerini belirlemektir. Materyal ve Metot: Bu çalışma Mart 2016 ve Mart 2017 tarihleri arsında 73 gebe ve 71 yenidoğan üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Yaş, cinsiyet, ağırlık, gebelik haftası, gebelik boyunca alınan kilo, vücut kitle endeksi, doğum sayısı, sosyo-ekonomik durum, diyet, gebelikte vitamin alımı kaydedildi. Tüm katılımcılardan tam kan sayımı ve vitamin B12 için kan örnekleri alındı. Gebe kadınlar ve yenidoğan bebekler Vitamin B12 düzeylerine göre sınıflandırıldı. Vitamin B12 eksikliği için risk faktörleri araştırıldı. Bulgular: Gebe kadınların ortalama vitamin B12 düzeyi 172.96±103 pg/ml idi. B12 yetersizliği (<200 pg/ml) saptanan gruptaki kadınların oranı %74 olarak bulundu ve bunların %46’sının Vitamin B12 düzeyi 150pg/m’nin altında idi. Yeterli miktarda hayvansal gıda tüketen annelerin B12 düzeyi tüketmeyenlere göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p=0.001). Bebeklerin ortalama vitamin B12 düzeyi 352.1±339.2 pg/ml olarak bulundu ve bebeklerin %26.6’sında B12 yetersizliği saptandı. Ayrıca bebeklerin %14’ünde B12 düzeyi 150 pg/ml’nin altında idi. Annelerin B12 düzeyi ile bebeklerin doğum haftası ve vücut ölçüleri arasında ilişki saptanmadı. Sonuç: Bölgemizdeki gebe kadınlarda vitamin B12 eksikliğinin sıklığı oldukça yüksektir ve bunun temel nedeni yetersiz beslenmedir. Bu nedenle, sosyoekonomik düzeyi düşük bölgede yaşayan tüm kadınlarda gebelik başlangıcında vitamin B12 düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi uygun olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vitamin B12,yenidoğan,,gebelik

Assessment of The Vitamın B12 Status of Pregnant Women and Their Infants

Abstract

Abstract Aim: Vitamin B12 deficiency is an important problem in pregnancy because it affects not only mothers but also their infants. Although vitamin B12 deficiency is seen all over the world and all age groups, its frequency is much higher in population which has low socio-economic level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal vitamin B12 status and their effect on neonatal vitamin B12 status and to detect risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency in Bağcılar where is a low socio-economic region in Istanbul. Materials and Methods: A total of 71 pregnant women and 71 infants were included in this study between March 2016 and March 2017. Age, gender, weight, gestational age, weight gain during pregnancy, body mass index (BMI), number of parity, socio-economic status, diet, daily vitamin intake were recorded. Blood samples for whole blood count and vitamin B12 were taken all subjects. The pregnant women and newborns were divided into groups based on their vitamin B12 levels. The risk factors were analyzed for vitamin B12 deficiency. Results: The mean vitamin B12 level was 172.23±102 pg/ml for pregnant women. The number of pregnant women in deficient group (<200 pg/ml) were 73% and 46% of the mothers had a serum vitamin B12 level lower than 150 pg/ml. B12 level of pregnant women those who have consumed sufficient amount of animal products were found as significantly higher than the consumed insufficient (p=0.001). The mean vitamin B12 level of infants was found as 352.1±339.2 pg/ml and the number of infants in deficient group were 26.6%. Also, 14% of the infants had a serum vitamin B12 level lower than 150 pg/ml. There was no correlation between the mothers’ B12 level and newborns’ body measurements and gestational age Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnant women in our region was very high and mainly cause was sub-optimal nutrition. Therefore, we suggest that the vitamin B12 status may be assess at the beginning of pregnancy in all women live in low socioeconomic region status.

Keywords

• vitamin B12,pregnancy,newborn

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