The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Molecular Mechanism of Prostate Cancer

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 299 - 306, 18.12.2019

Esra Bozgeyik

Abstract

Non-coding
RNAs (ncRNAs) are functional RNA transcripts, which have not an open-reading
frame and cannot be translated into protein. ncRNAs have mediator roles in the
transcription and the post-transcription processes and have numerous cellular
functions which still continue to be explored. The best known of ncRNAs,
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules (~22 nt) which regulate the
expressions of the targeted genes by leading to either of the transcriptional
repression or mRNA degradation. Longer than 200 nucleotides, long non-coding
RNAs (lncRNAs) are heterogenic RNAs which have many subclasses. These RNA
molecules play a part in chromatin remodeling, histone modification, and
transcriptional and translational gene expression regulations by interacting
with DNA or proteins by their secondary and tertiary structural nature. miRNAs
and lncRNAs are irregularly expressed in many types of cancer including
prostate cancer. The present review explains the importance of miRNA, lncRNA,
and other ncRNAs in the molecular biology of prostate cancer and emphasizes
their employability in the diagnosis and the targetable treatments.

Keywords

lncRNA, miRNA, ncRNA, prostate cancer

Prostat kanseri moleküler mekanizmasında kodlanmayan RNA’ların rolü

Abstract

Kodlanmayan RNA’lar (ncRNA), bir açık okuma çerçevesi
bulunmayan ve proteine çevrilemeyen işlevsel RNA transkriptleridir. NcRNA’lar
transkripsiyon ve transkripsiyon sonrası işlemlerde düzenleyici rollere ve
halen açıklanmaya devam eden çok sayıda hücresel fonksiyona sahiptir.
NcRNA’lardan en iyi bilinenleri mikro RNA’lar (miRNA), hedefledikleri genlerin
ya translasyonel baskılanmasına ya da mRNA yıkımına yol açarak gen ifadesini
düzenleyen küçük (~22 nt) RNA molekülleridir. Uzun kodlanmayan RNA’lar
(lncRNA), uzunluğu 200 nükleotidden daha büyük olan ve birçok alt sınıfı
bulunan heterojen RNA’lardır. Bu RNA molekülleri kendilerine özgül ikincil ve
üçüncül yapıları gereği DNA veya proteinler ile etkileşime girerek kromatin
yeniden şekillenmesi, histon modifikasyonu, gen ifadesinin transkripsiyonel ve
translasyonel düzenlenmesi gibi önemli işlevler üstlenirler. Hem miRNA’lar hem
de lncRNA’lar prostat kanseri dâhil birçok kanser çeşidinde düzensiz ifade
edilmektedirler. Bu derleme, miRNA, lncRNA ve diğer ncRNA’ların prostat
kanserinin moleküler biyolojisinde önemini açıklayarak prostat kanserinin
ayırıcı tanısında ve hedeflenebilir tedavisinde kullanılabilirliğini vurgulamaktadır. 

Keywords

lncRNA, miRNA, ncRNA, prostat kanseri

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