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Investigation of Antifungal Effects of Propolis and Curcumin Extracts on Trichophyton Species

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 515 - 522, 20.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.37696/nkmj.808104

Abstract

Aim: Trichophyton is the most common type that causes superficial fungal infections among dermatophytes. The insufficiency of antifungal agents in the treatment of these species has led to the investigation of different therapeutic agents. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the antifungal and synergistic effects of curcumin and propolis extracts on 100 Trichophyton species.

Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of propolis and curcumin on 100 Trichophyton isolates that included in the study were determined by the broth microdilution method specified in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Microdilution checkerboard method was used in the investigation of the synergistic effect.

Results: 100 Trichophyton isolate, that one (1%) isolated from the hair, 91 (91%) from the skin, and eight (8%) from the nail, were identified as 76 (76%) Trichophyton rubrum and 24 (24%) Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Curcumin MIC values between 5-160 µg/ml and propolis MIC values between 0.625-80 µg/ml were determined against Trichophyton isolates. It was found that the combination of curcumin and propolis was synergistically effective (FICI≤0.5) on 80 (80%) Trichophyton isolates and ineffective (0.5
Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was determined that curcumin and propolis extracts by themselves and in combination had antifungal and synergistic effects on T.rubrum and T.mentagrophytes species. This study has the specialty of being the first study which has investigated the synergistic effects of curcumin and propolis on Trichophyton species. It is thought that supporting the results of the study with further studies may create an alternative/complementary option for clinicians in the treatment of dermatophytosis.

References

  • Hayette MP, Sacheli R. Dermatophytosis, Trends in Epidemiology and Diagnostic Approach. Current Fungal Infection Reports. 2015;9(3):164-179
  • Rouzaud C, Hay R, Chosidow O, Dupin N, Puel A, Lortholary O, et al. Severe Dermatophytosis and Acquired or Innate Immunodeficiency: A Review. J Fungi (Basel). 2016;2(1):4.
  • Yoshikawa FSY, Gonçalves FL, Almeida SR. IL-1 signaling inhibits Trichophyton rubrum conidia development and modulates theIL-17 response in vivo. Virulence. 2015;6(5):449–457.
  • Brasch J, Freitag-Wolf S, Beck-Jendroschek V, Huber M. Inhibition of dermatophytes by photodynamic treatment with curcumin. Medical Mycology. 2017;55(7):754–762.
  • ALP H. Effects of Propolis on Immune System. ANADOLU, J. of AARI. 2018;28(2):99–104.
  • Przybyłek I, Karpiński TM. Antibacterial Properties of Propolis. Molecules. 2019;24(11):2047.
  • Yalçın AS, Yılmaz AM, Altundağ EM, Koçtürk S. Kurkumin, Kuersetin ve Çay KateĢinlerinin Anti-Kanser Etkileri. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal. 2017;21:19-29.
  • Yun DG, Lee DG. Antibacterial activity of curcumin via apoptosis-like response in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016;100(12):5505-14.
  • CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi, Approved Standard-Second Edition. CLSI Document M38-A2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne PA. 2018.
  • Tamura T, Asahara M, Yamamoto M, Yamaura M, Matsumura M, Goto K, et al. In vitro susceptibility of dermatomycoses agents to six antifungal drugs and evaluation by fractional inhibitory concentration index of combined effects of amorolfine and itraconazole in dermatophytes. Microbiol Immunol. 2014;58(1):1-8.
  • Veiga FF, Gadelha MC, da Silva MRT, Costa MI, Kischkel B, de Castro-Hoshino LD, et al. Propolis Extract for Onychomycosis Topical Treatment: From Bench to Clinic. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:779.
  • Falcão SI, Vale N, Cos P, Gomes P, Freire C, Maes L, et al. In vitro evaluation of Portuguese propolis and floral sources for antiprotozoal, antibacterial and antifungal activity. Phytother Res. 2014;28(3):437-43.
  • Koc AN, Silici S, Ayangil D, Ferahbaş A, Çankaya S. Comparison of in vitro activities of antifungal drugs and ethanolic extract of propolis against Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes by using a microdilution assay. Mycoses. 2005;48:205–210.
  • Agüero MB, Gonzalez M, Lima B, Svetaz L, Sánchez M, Zacchino S, et al. Argentinean Propolis from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Caesalpinieae) Exudates: Phytochemical Characterization and Antifungal Activity.J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010;58(1):194–201.
  • Agüero MB, Svetaz L, Sánchez M, Luna L, Lima B, López ML, et al. Argentinean Andean propolis associated with the medicinal plant Larrea nitida Cav. (Zygophyllaceae). HPLC-MS and GC-MS characterization and antifungal activity. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011;49(9):1970-8.
  • Siqueira ABS, Gomes BS, Cambuim I, Maia R, Abreu S, Souza‐Motta CM, et al. Trichophyton species susceptibility to green and red propolis from Brazil. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2009;48:90–96.
  • Monzote L, Cuesta-Rubio O, Fernandez MC, Hernandez IM, Fraga J, Pérez K, et al. In vitro antimicrobial assessment of Cuban propolis extracts. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2012;107(8):978-984.
  • Moghadamtousi SZ, Kadir HA, Hassandarvish P, Tajik H, Abubakar S, Zandi K. A Review on Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antifungal Activity of Curcumin. BioMed Research International. 2014;Article ID 186864, 12 pages.
  • Apisariyakul A , Vanittanakom N, Buddhasukh D. Antifungal activity of turmeric oil extracted from Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 1995;49(3):163-9.
  • Wuthġ-Udomlert M, Grġsanapan W, Luanratana O, Caġchompoo W. Antifungal activity of Curcuma longa grown in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2000;1:178-82.
  • Moon-Riley KC, Copeland JL, Metz GAS, Currie CL. The biological impacts of Indigenous residential school attendance on the next generation. SSM-Population Health. 2019;7:100343.
  • Khattak S, Ur-Rehman S, Shah H, Ahmad W, Ahmad M. Biological effects of indigenous medicinal plants Curcuma longa and Alpinia galanga. Fitoterapia. 2005;76(2):254-7.
  • Sharma M, Manoharlal R, Negi AS, Prasad R. Synergistic anticandidal activity of pure polyphenol curcumin I in combination with azoles and polyenes generates reactive oxygen species leading to apoptosis. FEMS Yeast Res. 2010;10(5):570-8.
  • Al-Ani I, Zimmermann S, Reichling J, Wink M. Antimicrobial Activities of European Propolis Collected from Various Geographic Origins Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics. Medicines (Basel). 2018;5(1):2.

Propolis ve Kurkumin Ekstraktlarının Trichophyton Türleri Üzerine Antifungal Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 515 - 522, 20.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.37696/nkmj.808104

Abstract

Amaç: Dermatofitler arasında yüzeyel mantar enfeksiyonlarına sebep olan en yaygın tür Trichophyton’dur. Bu türlerin tedavisinde antifungal ajanların yetersizliği farklı terapötik ajanların araştırılmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada 100 Trichophyton türü üzerine kurkumin ve propolis ekstraktlarının antifungal ve sinerjistik etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 100 Trichophyton izolatı üzerine propolis ve kurkuminin minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) değerleri Klinik ve Laboratuvar Standartları Enstitüsü’nde belirtilen sıvı mikrodilüsyon yöntemi ile belirlendi. Sinerjistik etkinin araştırılmasında mikrodilüsyon dama tahtası (checkerboard) yöntemi kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Biri (%1) saçtan, 91’i (%91) deriden, sekizi (%8) tırnaktan izole edilen toplam 100 Trichophyton izolatının 76’sı (%76) Trichophyton rubrum, 24’ü (%24) Trichophyton mentagrophytes olarak tanımlandı. Trichophyton izolatlarına karşı kurkumin MİK değerleri 5-160 µg/ml, propolis MİK değerleri 0.625-80 µg/ml aralığında tespit edildi. Kurkumin ve propolis kombinasyonunun 80 (%80) Trichophyton izolatı üzerine sinerjistik etkili (FİKİ≤0.5), 20 (%20) Trichophyton izolatı üzerine ise etkisiz (0.5
Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda kurkumin ve propolis ekstraktlarının tek başlarına ve kombinasyonlarının T.rubrum ve T.mentagrophytes türleri üzerine antifungal ve sinerjistik etkisi olduğu belirlendi. Bu çalışma Trichophyton türleri üzerine kurkumin ve propolisin sinerjistik etkilerinin araştırıldığı ilk çalışma olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Çalışma sonuçlarının ileri çalışmalar ile desteklenmesinin klinisyenlere dermatofitoz tedavisinde alternatif/tamamlayıcı bir seçenek oluşturabileceği düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Hayette MP, Sacheli R. Dermatophytosis, Trends in Epidemiology and Diagnostic Approach. Current Fungal Infection Reports. 2015;9(3):164-179
  • Rouzaud C, Hay R, Chosidow O, Dupin N, Puel A, Lortholary O, et al. Severe Dermatophytosis and Acquired or Innate Immunodeficiency: A Review. J Fungi (Basel). 2016;2(1):4.
  • Yoshikawa FSY, Gonçalves FL, Almeida SR. IL-1 signaling inhibits Trichophyton rubrum conidia development and modulates theIL-17 response in vivo. Virulence. 2015;6(5):449–457.
  • Brasch J, Freitag-Wolf S, Beck-Jendroschek V, Huber M. Inhibition of dermatophytes by photodynamic treatment with curcumin. Medical Mycology. 2017;55(7):754–762.
  • ALP H. Effects of Propolis on Immune System. ANADOLU, J. of AARI. 2018;28(2):99–104.
  • Przybyłek I, Karpiński TM. Antibacterial Properties of Propolis. Molecules. 2019;24(11):2047.
  • Yalçın AS, Yılmaz AM, Altundağ EM, Koçtürk S. Kurkumin, Kuersetin ve Çay KateĢinlerinin Anti-Kanser Etkileri. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal. 2017;21:19-29.
  • Yun DG, Lee DG. Antibacterial activity of curcumin via apoptosis-like response in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016;100(12):5505-14.
  • CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi, Approved Standard-Second Edition. CLSI Document M38-A2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne PA. 2018.
  • Tamura T, Asahara M, Yamamoto M, Yamaura M, Matsumura M, Goto K, et al. In vitro susceptibility of dermatomycoses agents to six antifungal drugs and evaluation by fractional inhibitory concentration index of combined effects of amorolfine and itraconazole in dermatophytes. Microbiol Immunol. 2014;58(1):1-8.
  • Veiga FF, Gadelha MC, da Silva MRT, Costa MI, Kischkel B, de Castro-Hoshino LD, et al. Propolis Extract for Onychomycosis Topical Treatment: From Bench to Clinic. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:779.
  • Falcão SI, Vale N, Cos P, Gomes P, Freire C, Maes L, et al. In vitro evaluation of Portuguese propolis and floral sources for antiprotozoal, antibacterial and antifungal activity. Phytother Res. 2014;28(3):437-43.
  • Koc AN, Silici S, Ayangil D, Ferahbaş A, Çankaya S. Comparison of in vitro activities of antifungal drugs and ethanolic extract of propolis against Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes by using a microdilution assay. Mycoses. 2005;48:205–210.
  • Agüero MB, Gonzalez M, Lima B, Svetaz L, Sánchez M, Zacchino S, et al. Argentinean Propolis from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Caesalpinieae) Exudates: Phytochemical Characterization and Antifungal Activity.J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010;58(1):194–201.
  • Agüero MB, Svetaz L, Sánchez M, Luna L, Lima B, López ML, et al. Argentinean Andean propolis associated with the medicinal plant Larrea nitida Cav. (Zygophyllaceae). HPLC-MS and GC-MS characterization and antifungal activity. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011;49(9):1970-8.
  • Siqueira ABS, Gomes BS, Cambuim I, Maia R, Abreu S, Souza‐Motta CM, et al. Trichophyton species susceptibility to green and red propolis from Brazil. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2009;48:90–96.
  • Monzote L, Cuesta-Rubio O, Fernandez MC, Hernandez IM, Fraga J, Pérez K, et al. In vitro antimicrobial assessment of Cuban propolis extracts. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2012;107(8):978-984.
  • Moghadamtousi SZ, Kadir HA, Hassandarvish P, Tajik H, Abubakar S, Zandi K. A Review on Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antifungal Activity of Curcumin. BioMed Research International. 2014;Article ID 186864, 12 pages.
  • Apisariyakul A , Vanittanakom N, Buddhasukh D. Antifungal activity of turmeric oil extracted from Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 1995;49(3):163-9.
  • Wuthġ-Udomlert M, Grġsanapan W, Luanratana O, Caġchompoo W. Antifungal activity of Curcuma longa grown in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2000;1:178-82.
  • Moon-Riley KC, Copeland JL, Metz GAS, Currie CL. The biological impacts of Indigenous residential school attendance on the next generation. SSM-Population Health. 2019;7:100343.
  • Khattak S, Ur-Rehman S, Shah H, Ahmad W, Ahmad M. Biological effects of indigenous medicinal plants Curcuma longa and Alpinia galanga. Fitoterapia. 2005;76(2):254-7.
  • Sharma M, Manoharlal R, Negi AS, Prasad R. Synergistic anticandidal activity of pure polyphenol curcumin I in combination with azoles and polyenes generates reactive oxygen species leading to apoptosis. FEMS Yeast Res. 2010;10(5):570-8.
  • Al-Ani I, Zimmermann S, Reichling J, Wink M. Antimicrobial Activities of European Propolis Collected from Various Geographic Origins Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics. Medicines (Basel). 2018;5(1):2.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Orginal Article
Authors

Zehra Özlem Ünal 0000-0001-7456-4341

Berna Erdal 0000-0003-3375-7926

Publication Date December 20, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ünal, Z. Ö., & Erdal, B. (2020). Propolis ve Kurkumin Ekstraktlarının Trichophyton Türleri Üzerine Antifungal Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi, 8(3), 515-522. https://doi.org/10.37696/nkmj.808104
AMA Ünal ZÖ, Erdal B. Propolis ve Kurkumin Ekstraktlarının Trichophyton Türleri Üzerine Antifungal Etkilerinin Araştırılması. NKMJ. December 2020;8(3):515-522. doi:10.37696/nkmj.808104
Chicago Ünal, Zehra Özlem, and Berna Erdal. “Propolis Ve Kurkumin Ekstraktlarının Trichophyton Türleri Üzerine Antifungal Etkilerinin Araştırılması”. Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi 8, no. 3 (December 2020): 515-22. https://doi.org/10.37696/nkmj.808104.
EndNote Ünal ZÖ, Erdal B (December 1, 2020) Propolis ve Kurkumin Ekstraktlarının Trichophyton Türleri Üzerine Antifungal Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi 8 3 515–522.
IEEE Z. Ö. Ünal and B. Erdal, “Propolis ve Kurkumin Ekstraktlarının Trichophyton Türleri Üzerine Antifungal Etkilerinin Araştırılması”, NKMJ, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 515–522, 2020, doi: 10.37696/nkmj.808104.
ISNAD Ünal, Zehra Özlem - Erdal, Berna. “Propolis Ve Kurkumin Ekstraktlarının Trichophyton Türleri Üzerine Antifungal Etkilerinin Araştırılması”. Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi 8/3 (December 2020), 515-522. https://doi.org/10.37696/nkmj.808104.
JAMA Ünal ZÖ, Erdal B. Propolis ve Kurkumin Ekstraktlarının Trichophyton Türleri Üzerine Antifungal Etkilerinin Araştırılması. NKMJ. 2020;8:515–522.
MLA Ünal, Zehra Özlem and Berna Erdal. “Propolis Ve Kurkumin Ekstraktlarının Trichophyton Türleri Üzerine Antifungal Etkilerinin Araştırılması”. Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 3, 2020, pp. 515-22, doi:10.37696/nkmj.808104.
Vancouver Ünal ZÖ, Erdal B. Propolis ve Kurkumin Ekstraktlarının Trichophyton Türleri Üzerine Antifungal Etkilerinin Araştırılması. NKMJ. 2020;8(3):515-22.