Research Article
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Evaluation of Food Cravings and Nutritional Status Among Individuals with Mood Disorders

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 124 - 133

Abstract

Mood disorders, which are defined as psychiatric conditions that negatively affect quality of life, are frequently accompanied by alterations in eating behaviours. Consequently, the assessment of food cravings and nutritional status is imperative for the management of these conditions. The present study was conducted with the objective of investigating the interrelationships between food cravings, night eating habits, nutritional status, and anthropometric parameters among individuals diagnosed with mood disorders. Comprehensive data on sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, dietary habits, 24-hour dietary recalls, and the Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ-T 39) were collected from participants through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The study included 75 participants (57.3% female, 42.7% male) who attended a private clinic in Kayseri. The mean age of the participants was 40.3 ± 13.2 years. It was determined that 42.6% of the individuals had a habit of night eating, and their mean FCQ-T score (128.06 ± 32.45) was significantly higher than those without night eating habits (105.05 ± 30.70) (p = 0.002). Significant correlations were found between FCQ-T scores and body weight (r = 0.262, p = 0.023), fiber intake (r = 0.236, p = 0.042), carbohydrate intake (r = 0.239, p = 0.039), and energy intake (r = 0.254, p = 0.028). The mean daily energy intake was 1150.6 kcal (±477.4 kcal) in females and 1181.4 kcal (±528.0 kcal) in males, with no significant difference between the sexes. Among micronutrients, only vitamin A intake was higher in females (p<0.05). These findings suggest that heightened food cravings, particularly in the context of night eating, may adversely affect energy balance, weight regulation, and overall metabolic health in individuals with mood disorders. Thus, the evaluation of nutritional status and food cravings should be incorporated as a key element within the framework of a holistic approach to mood disorder management.

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Nuh Naci Yazgan University with the decision number 2022/6544. Before the research began, participants were provided with an informed consent form, which they read and signed. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

Thanks

We extend our sincere appreciation to Dr. Eda BAŞMISIRLI for her valuable contributions during the data collection process, and to the fourth-year students of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Nuh Naci Yazgan University during the 2021–2022 academic year for their support and participation.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders. F. Edition,editör. Washington, DC: American PsychiatricAssociation; 1980. 205 s.
  • Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R,Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalenceand age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disordersin the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.Archives of General Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593-602.
  • Öztürk MO, Uluşahin A. Ruh sağlığı vebozuklukları. 14. Baskı, editör. Ankara: Nobel TıpKitabevleri; 2016. 242 s.
  • Isik E, Isik U, Isik Taner Y. Çocuk, Ergen, Erişkinve Yaşlılarda Depresif ve Bipolar Bozukluklar.Ankara: Rotatip Kitabevi; 2013.
  • World Health Organization. Depression and othercommon mental disorders: Global health estimates.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.
  • Baysal A. Beslenme. 18. Baskı, editör. Ankara:Hatiboğlu Basım ve Yayınevi; 2007.
  • Konttinen H. Dietary habits and obesity: The roleof emotional and cognitive factors. University ofHelsinki, Faculty of Social Sciences, DoctoralDissertation, Helsinki, Finland, 2012.
  • Jacka FN, O’Neil A, Opie R, Itsiopoulos C, CottonS, Mohebbi M, vd. A randomised controlled trial ofdietary improvement for adults with majordepression (the ‘SMILES’ trial). BMC Medicine.2017;15(1):23.
  • Rusch, J. A., Layden, B. T., & Dugas, L. R. (2023).Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota andhypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Frontiers inendocrinology, 14, 1130689.
  • Sarris J, Logan AC, Akbaraly TN, Amminger GP,Balanzá-Martínez V, Freeman MP, vd. Nutritionalmedicine as mainstream in psychiatry. The LancetPsychiatry. 2015;2(3):271-4.
  • Marx W, Moseley G, Berk M, Jacka F. Nutritionalpsychiatry: the present state of the evidence.Proceedings of Nutrition Society. 2017;76(4):427-36.
  • Marx W, Lane M, Hockey M, Aslam H, Berk M,Walder K, vd. Diet and depression: exploring thebiological mechanisms of action. Moleculer Psychiatry.2021;26(1):134-50.
  • Luppino FS, de Wit LM, Bouvy PF, Stijnen T, CuijpersP, Penninx BWJH, vd. Overweight, obesity, anddepression: a systematic review and meta-analysis oflongitudinal studies. Archives of General Psychiatry.2010;67(3):220-9.
  • Cepeda-Benito A, Gleaves DH, Williams TL, Erath SA.The development and validation of the state and traitfood-cravings questionnaires. Behavior Therapy.2000;31(1):151-73.
  • Paans NPG, Bot M, Brouwer IA, Visser M, Roca M,Kohls E, vd. The association between depression andeating styles in four European countries: TheMooDFOOD prevention study. Journal ofPsychosomatic Research. 2018;108:85-92.
  • Hyldelund, N. B., Frederiksen, C., Byrne, D. V., &Andersen, B. V. (2022). Is stress taking the pleasure outof food?—A characterization of the food pleasureprofiles, appetite, and eating behaviors of people withchronic stress. Foods, 11(13), 1980.
  • Seven H. Yetişkinlerde duygusal yeme davranışınınbeslenme durumuna etkisi. Haliç Üniversitesi SağlıkBilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul,Türkiye, 2013.
  • World Health Organisation. Nutrition LandscapeInformation System [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 10].Available from:https://apps.who.int/nutrition/landscape/help.aspx?menu=0&helpid=392&lang=EN
  • Rakıcıoğlu N, Tek NA, Ayaz A, Pekcan G. Yemek vebesin fotoğraf kataloğu ölçü ve miktarlar. İkinci Baskı,editör. Ankara: Ata Ofset Matbaacılık; 2009.
  • Akkurt Ş, Köse G, Dönmez A. Adaptation Of The FoodCraving Questionnaire-Trait Into Turkish. Journal ofCognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapies and Research.2019;(0):1.
  • Öztürk MO, Uluşahin A. Ruh sağlığı ve bozuklukları.Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2015. NNYU Journal of Health Research, Aralık 2025, 1, 2 133
  • Lopresti AL, Drummond PD. Obesity andpsychiatric disorders: commonalities indysregulated biological pathways and theirimplications for treatment. Progress in Neuro-Psychopmarcalogy and Biological Psychiatry.2013;45:92-9.
  • Fulya, T. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde BesinAlımı ile Haz Duygusuna Bağlı Açlık Arasındakiİlişkiye Yönelik Bir Çalışma (Master's thesis,Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)-DoğuAkdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ).
  • Akkuş, Ö. Ö., & Mermer, M. (2022). Vardiyalıçalışan bireylerde hedonik açlık, yeme arzusu veobezite riski: Kesitsel bir çalışma. MersinÜniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 370-381.
  • Rahe C, Unrath M, Berger K. Dietary patterns andthe risk of depression in adults: a systematicreview of observational studies. European Journalof Nutrition. 2014;53(4):997-1013.
  • Pizzagalli DA. Depression, stress, and anhedonia:toward a synthesis and integrated model. AnnualReview of Clinical Phychology. 2014;10:393-423.
  • Deusdará, R., De Moura Souza, A., & Szklo, M.(2022). Obesity, overweight, elevated waistcircumference and insulin differ in theirassociations with insulin resistance markers- theERICA study. Metabolism, 128, 155103.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2021.155103
  • Wang, Q., Geok, S. K., Danaee, M., Gan, W. Y.,Zhu, W. L., Mai, Y. Q., & Luo, S. Y. (2025).Relationships between nutritional intake, appetiteregulation, and mental health with bodycomposition among female college students withoverweight and obesity. Frontiers in Psychology,16.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1465784
  • Özkan, N., & Bilici, S. (2020). Are anthropometricmeasurements an indicator of intuitive andmindful eating? Eating and Weight Disorders -Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 26(2),639-648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-00904-9
  • Ayyıldız, F., Akbulut, G., Karaçil Ermumcu, M. Ş.,& Acar Tek, N. (2023). Emotional and intuitiveeating: An emerging approach to eating behavioursrelated to obesity. Journal of Nutritional Science,12.https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2023.11.
  • Zare H, Rahimi H, Omidi A, Nematolahi F, SharifiN.Relationship between emotional eating andnutritional intake in adult women with overweightand obesity: a cross-sectional study. NutritionJournal. 2024;23(1):129.
  • Wang Q, Geok SK, Danaee M, Gan WY, Zhu WL, MaiYQ, vd. Relationships between nutritional intake,appetite regulation, and mental health with bodycomposition among female college students withoverweight and obesity. Frontiers in Psychology.2025;16,1465784.
  • Köseoğlu SZA, Smail A. Duygusal İştahın Beden Kütleİndeksi ve Basit Karbonhidrat Tüketimi Üzerine Etkisi.Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2023;(46):202-8.
  • Paddon-Jones D, Westman E, Mattes RD, Wolfe RR,Astrup A, Westerterp-Plantenga M. Protein, weightmanagement, and satiety. The American Journal ofClinical Nutrition. 2008;87(Supp 5):1558S-1561S.
  • Razmpoosh E, Abdollahi S, Sikaroudi MK, SangsefidiZS, Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Torabinasab K, vd. Theeffect of low-fat diets on appetite: a systematic reviewof randomized clinical trials. BMC Public Health.2025;25(1):2264.
  • Konttinen H. Emotional eating and obesity in adults:the role of depression, sleep and genes. Proceeding ofthe Nutrition Society. 2020;79(3):283-9.
  • Masheb RM, Grilo CM. Emotional overeating and itsassociations with eating disorder psychopathologyamong overweight patients with binge eatingdisorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders.2006;39(2):141-6.
  • Adan A, Archer SN, Hidalgo MP, Di Milia L, Natale V,Randler C. Circadian typology: a comprehensivereview. Chronobiology International. 2012;29(9):1153-75.
  • Şen G, Kabaran S. Beslenme Durumunun DuygusalYeme, Gece Yeme ve Uyku Kalitesi ÜzerindekiEtkileri. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim Dergisi.2021;7(3):284-95.
  • Taetzsch A, Roberts SB, Gilhooly CH, LichtensteinAH, Krauss AJ, Bukhari A, vd. Food cravings:Associations with dietary intake and metabolic health.Appetite. 2020;152:104711.
  • Erem S, Eren D. Relationship Between Food Addiction,Night Eating Syndrome and Depression Level inUniversity Students and Affecting Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Türkiye. Food Science andNutrition. 2025;13(2):e4654.

Duygudurum Bozukluğu Olan Bireylerde Yeme Arzusunun ve Beslenme Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 124 - 133

Abstract

Duygudurum bozuklukları, bireylerin yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkileyen ve sıklıkla yeme davranışlarında değişikliklere yol açan psikiyatrik hastalıklardır. Bu bağlamda, yeme arzusu ve beslenme durumunun değerlendirilmesi, hastalık yönetiminde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu araştırma, duygudurum bozukluğu olan bireylerde yeme arzusu, gece yeme alışkanlığı, beslenme durumu ve antropometrik özellikler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılardan sosyodemografik özellikler, antropometrik veriler, beslenme alışkanlıkları, besin tüketim kayıtları ve Yeme Arzusu Ölçeği (FCQ-T 39) verileri, anket formu aracılığıyla yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya Kayseri’de özel bir kliniğe başvuran 75 birey (57,3% kadın, 42,7% erkek) dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 40,3±13,2 yıl olduğu saptanmıştır. Bireylerin %42,6’sında gece yemek yeme alışkanlığı olduğu belirlenmiş ve gece yemek yeme alışkanlığı olanların Yeme Arzusu Ölçeği puanı (128,06±32,45), gece yemek yeme alışkanlığı olmayandan (105,05±30,70) anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,002). Yeme Arzusu Ölçek puanı ile vücut ağırlığı (r=0,262, p=0,023), lif (r=0,236, p=0,042), karbonhidrat (r=0,239, p=0,039) ve enerji alımı (r=0,254, p=0,028) arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Ortalama enerji alımı kadınlarda 1150,6±477,4 kcal, erkeklerde 1181,4±528,0 kcal olup aralarında anlamlı fark yoktur. Mikro besin ögeleri açısından yalnızca A vitamini alımı kadınlarda daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Bulgular, duygudurum bozukluğu olan bireylerde artmış yeme arzusunun özellikle gece yeme davranışı ile ilişkili olduğunu ve bu durumun enerji dengesi, kilo kontrolü ve metabolik sağlık üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, duygudurum bozukluğu olan bireylerde beslenme durumu ve yeme arzusu değerlendirilmeli ve bütüncül bir yaklaşımın parçası olarak kabul edilmelidir.

Ethical Statement

Çalışma için Etik Kurul Onayı, Nuh Naci Yazgan Üniversitesi Etik Kurulundan 2022/6544 karar numarası ile alınmıştır. Araştırma başlamadan önce katılımcılara bilgilendirilmiş onam formu okutulmuş ve onayları alınmıştır. Bu çalışma, Helsinki Bildirgesi’nde belirtilen etik standartlara uygun olarak yürütülmüştür.

Thanks

Çalışmamızda veri toplama sürecinde verdikleri katıkılardan dolayı Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Eda BAŞMISIRLI’ya ve Nuh Naci Yazgan Üniversitesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü 2021-2022 Eğitim Öğretim dönemi 4.sınıf öğrencilerine teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders. F. Edition,editör. Washington, DC: American PsychiatricAssociation; 1980. 205 s.
  • Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R,Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalenceand age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disordersin the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.Archives of General Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593-602.
  • Öztürk MO, Uluşahin A. Ruh sağlığı vebozuklukları. 14. Baskı, editör. Ankara: Nobel TıpKitabevleri; 2016. 242 s.
  • Isik E, Isik U, Isik Taner Y. Çocuk, Ergen, Erişkinve Yaşlılarda Depresif ve Bipolar Bozukluklar.Ankara: Rotatip Kitabevi; 2013.
  • World Health Organization. Depression and othercommon mental disorders: Global health estimates.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.
  • Baysal A. Beslenme. 18. Baskı, editör. Ankara:Hatiboğlu Basım ve Yayınevi; 2007.
  • Konttinen H. Dietary habits and obesity: The roleof emotional and cognitive factors. University ofHelsinki, Faculty of Social Sciences, DoctoralDissertation, Helsinki, Finland, 2012.
  • Jacka FN, O’Neil A, Opie R, Itsiopoulos C, CottonS, Mohebbi M, vd. A randomised controlled trial ofdietary improvement for adults with majordepression (the ‘SMILES’ trial). BMC Medicine.2017;15(1):23.
  • Rusch, J. A., Layden, B. T., & Dugas, L. R. (2023).Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota andhypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Frontiers inendocrinology, 14, 1130689.
  • Sarris J, Logan AC, Akbaraly TN, Amminger GP,Balanzá-Martínez V, Freeman MP, vd. Nutritionalmedicine as mainstream in psychiatry. The LancetPsychiatry. 2015;2(3):271-4.
  • Marx W, Moseley G, Berk M, Jacka F. Nutritionalpsychiatry: the present state of the evidence.Proceedings of Nutrition Society. 2017;76(4):427-36.
  • Marx W, Lane M, Hockey M, Aslam H, Berk M,Walder K, vd. Diet and depression: exploring thebiological mechanisms of action. Moleculer Psychiatry.2021;26(1):134-50.
  • Luppino FS, de Wit LM, Bouvy PF, Stijnen T, CuijpersP, Penninx BWJH, vd. Overweight, obesity, anddepression: a systematic review and meta-analysis oflongitudinal studies. Archives of General Psychiatry.2010;67(3):220-9.
  • Cepeda-Benito A, Gleaves DH, Williams TL, Erath SA.The development and validation of the state and traitfood-cravings questionnaires. Behavior Therapy.2000;31(1):151-73.
  • Paans NPG, Bot M, Brouwer IA, Visser M, Roca M,Kohls E, vd. The association between depression andeating styles in four European countries: TheMooDFOOD prevention study. Journal ofPsychosomatic Research. 2018;108:85-92.
  • Hyldelund, N. B., Frederiksen, C., Byrne, D. V., &Andersen, B. V. (2022). Is stress taking the pleasure outof food?—A characterization of the food pleasureprofiles, appetite, and eating behaviors of people withchronic stress. Foods, 11(13), 1980.
  • Seven H. Yetişkinlerde duygusal yeme davranışınınbeslenme durumuna etkisi. Haliç Üniversitesi SağlıkBilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul,Türkiye, 2013.
  • World Health Organisation. Nutrition LandscapeInformation System [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 10].Available from:https://apps.who.int/nutrition/landscape/help.aspx?menu=0&helpid=392&lang=EN
  • Rakıcıoğlu N, Tek NA, Ayaz A, Pekcan G. Yemek vebesin fotoğraf kataloğu ölçü ve miktarlar. İkinci Baskı,editör. Ankara: Ata Ofset Matbaacılık; 2009.
  • Akkurt Ş, Köse G, Dönmez A. Adaptation Of The FoodCraving Questionnaire-Trait Into Turkish. Journal ofCognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapies and Research.2019;(0):1.
  • Öztürk MO, Uluşahin A. Ruh sağlığı ve bozuklukları.Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2015. NNYU Journal of Health Research, Aralık 2025, 1, 2 133
  • Lopresti AL, Drummond PD. Obesity andpsychiatric disorders: commonalities indysregulated biological pathways and theirimplications for treatment. Progress in Neuro-Psychopmarcalogy and Biological Psychiatry.2013;45:92-9.
  • Fulya, T. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde BesinAlımı ile Haz Duygusuna Bağlı Açlık Arasındakiİlişkiye Yönelik Bir Çalışma (Master's thesis,Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)-DoğuAkdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ).
  • Akkuş, Ö. Ö., & Mermer, M. (2022). Vardiyalıçalışan bireylerde hedonik açlık, yeme arzusu veobezite riski: Kesitsel bir çalışma. MersinÜniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 370-381.
  • Rahe C, Unrath M, Berger K. Dietary patterns andthe risk of depression in adults: a systematicreview of observational studies. European Journalof Nutrition. 2014;53(4):997-1013.
  • Pizzagalli DA. Depression, stress, and anhedonia:toward a synthesis and integrated model. AnnualReview of Clinical Phychology. 2014;10:393-423.
  • Deusdará, R., De Moura Souza, A., & Szklo, M.(2022). Obesity, overweight, elevated waistcircumference and insulin differ in theirassociations with insulin resistance markers- theERICA study. Metabolism, 128, 155103.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2021.155103
  • Wang, Q., Geok, S. K., Danaee, M., Gan, W. Y.,Zhu, W. L., Mai, Y. Q., & Luo, S. Y. (2025).Relationships between nutritional intake, appetiteregulation, and mental health with bodycomposition among female college students withoverweight and obesity. Frontiers in Psychology,16.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1465784
  • Özkan, N., & Bilici, S. (2020). Are anthropometricmeasurements an indicator of intuitive andmindful eating? Eating and Weight Disorders -Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 26(2),639-648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-00904-9
  • Ayyıldız, F., Akbulut, G., Karaçil Ermumcu, M. Ş.,& Acar Tek, N. (2023). Emotional and intuitiveeating: An emerging approach to eating behavioursrelated to obesity. Journal of Nutritional Science,12.https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2023.11.
  • Zare H, Rahimi H, Omidi A, Nematolahi F, SharifiN.Relationship between emotional eating andnutritional intake in adult women with overweightand obesity: a cross-sectional study. NutritionJournal. 2024;23(1):129.
  • Wang Q, Geok SK, Danaee M, Gan WY, Zhu WL, MaiYQ, vd. Relationships between nutritional intake,appetite regulation, and mental health with bodycomposition among female college students withoverweight and obesity. Frontiers in Psychology.2025;16,1465784.
  • Köseoğlu SZA, Smail A. Duygusal İştahın Beden Kütleİndeksi ve Basit Karbonhidrat Tüketimi Üzerine Etkisi.Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2023;(46):202-8.
  • Paddon-Jones D, Westman E, Mattes RD, Wolfe RR,Astrup A, Westerterp-Plantenga M. Protein, weightmanagement, and satiety. The American Journal ofClinical Nutrition. 2008;87(Supp 5):1558S-1561S.
  • Razmpoosh E, Abdollahi S, Sikaroudi MK, SangsefidiZS, Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Torabinasab K, vd. Theeffect of low-fat diets on appetite: a systematic reviewof randomized clinical trials. BMC Public Health.2025;25(1):2264.
  • Konttinen H. Emotional eating and obesity in adults:the role of depression, sleep and genes. Proceeding ofthe Nutrition Society. 2020;79(3):283-9.
  • Masheb RM, Grilo CM. Emotional overeating and itsassociations with eating disorder psychopathologyamong overweight patients with binge eatingdisorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders.2006;39(2):141-6.
  • Adan A, Archer SN, Hidalgo MP, Di Milia L, Natale V,Randler C. Circadian typology: a comprehensivereview. Chronobiology International. 2012;29(9):1153-75.
  • Şen G, Kabaran S. Beslenme Durumunun DuygusalYeme, Gece Yeme ve Uyku Kalitesi ÜzerindekiEtkileri. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim Dergisi.2021;7(3):284-95.
  • Taetzsch A, Roberts SB, Gilhooly CH, LichtensteinAH, Krauss AJ, Bukhari A, vd. Food cravings:Associations with dietary intake and metabolic health.Appetite. 2020;152:104711.
  • Erem S, Eren D. Relationship Between Food Addiction,Night Eating Syndrome and Depression Level inUniversity Students and Affecting Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Türkiye. Food Science andNutrition. 2025;13(2):e4654.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Eating Behaviours
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gülfem Döngel 0009-0007-5290-895X

Nezihe Argun 0009-0002-7640-2113

Merve Kip 0000-0001-9524-5796

Early Pub Date November 27, 2025
Publication Date November 28, 2025
Submission Date October 5, 2025
Acceptance Date October 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Döngel G, Argun N, Kip M. Duygudurum Bozukluğu Olan Bireylerde Yeme Arzusunun ve Beslenme Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Health Research. 2025;1(2):124-33.