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THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND FOREIGN PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT: AN APPLICATION ON TURKEY

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 244 - 254, 28.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.56574/nohusosbil.1560316

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of financial development on foreign direct investments and foreign portfolio investments in Turkey during the period from 1990 to 2020. In this context, the impacts of financial development indicators, namely M3 money supply, private sector loans, market capitalization, and stock market turnover, on foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment were analyzed using the ARDL bounds testing method. The analysis results indicate the existence of a long-term cointegration among the variables. In the long run, M3 money supply and stock market turnover have a negative effect on foreign direct investments, while market capitalization and private sector loans have a positive effect. However, only the coefficients of M3 money supply and market capitalization were found to be statistically significant. The results of the short-term error correction model reveal that only the coefficient related to market capitalization is positive and statistically significant. For foreign portfolio investments in the long term, both market capitalization and M3 money supply exhibit a negative effect, while private sector loans and stock market turnover have a positive impact. Nonetheless, among these variables, only the market capitalization coefficient is statistically significant. In the short term, it was found that private sector loans have a negative and statistically significant effect on foreign portfolio investments.

References

  • Abidin, Irwan S. Z. (2015). Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Development, International Trade and Energy Consumption: Panel Data Evidence from Selected ASEAN Countries, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 5(3): 841-850.
  • Aslan, A., Altınöz, B. Ve Esmeray, M. (2019). Finansal Gelişmenin Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 15(3), 649-659.
  • Asteriou, D. ve Argiro M. (2014). FDI, Finance and Growth: Further Empirical Evidence from a Panel of 73 Countries, Applied Economics and Finance, 1(2): 48-57.
  • Bahri, E. N. A. (2018). The Role of Financial Development on Foreign Direct Investments in ASEAN-5 Countries: Panel Cointegration with Cross-Sectional Dependency Analysis, Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 14(1): 1-23.
  • Baltagi BH., Demetriades PO., Law SH. (2009). Financial development and openness: Evidence from panel data, J Dev Econ 89: 285–296.
  • Bayar, Y. ve Gavriletea, M. D. (2018). Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and Financial Development in Central and Eastern European Union Countries: A Panel Cointegration and Causality, International Journal o f Financial Studies, 6(55), 1-13.
  • Bluedorn MJC., Duttagupta R., Guajardo J. (2013) Capital Flows are Fickle: Anytime, Anywhere, International Monetary Fund, 13–183.
  • Boboye, A.L., Oluwakemi, A. ve Alamu, O.A. (2017). Impact of Foreign Private Investment on the Development of Nigerian Capital Market, International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 1(2), 120-132.
  • Chinn, MD., Ito, H. (2006). What Matters for Financial Development? Capital Controls, İnstitutions, And İnteractions, J Dev Econ, 81, 163–192.
  • Choong, C. K., Yusop, Z. ve Law, S. H. (2010). Private Capital Flows to Developing Countries: The Role of The Domestic Financial Sector, Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 15(4), 509-529.
  • Çelik, İ. (2019). Finansal Gelişmişlik Seviyesinin Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar Üzerindeki Rolü: Kırılgan Beşli Ülkeleri Açısından Bir Değerlendirme, Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 41(1), 65-82.
  • De Santis, R. A., ve Ehling, P. (2007). Do International Portfolio Investors Follow Firms’ Foreign Investment Decisions?, ECB, Working Paper, 815, 4-43.
  • Desbordes, R. ve Shang-Jin W. (2017). The Effects of Financial Development on Foreign Direct Investment, NBER Working Paper Series, 23309: 1-43.
  • Duasa, J. ve Kassim, S. H. (2009). Foreign Portfolio İnvestment and Economic Growth in Malaysia, The Pakistan Development Review, 109-123.
  • Dunning, J.H. (1981). Explaining the International Direct Investment Position of Countries: Towards a Dynamic or Developmental Approach, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 117: 30-64.
  • Esfendiyari, M. (2015). The Role of Financial Markets Development in the Foreign Direct Investment Effect on Economic Growth (The Case of D8 with Emphasizing on Iran), International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 5(10): 240-248.
  • Fratzscher M., Lo Duca M., Straub R. (2012). Quantitative Easing, Portfolio Choice and International Capital Flows, Draft Eur Cent Bank Frankf, 22:1–54.
  • Gülmez, A. (2015). Türkiye’de Dış Finansman Kaynakları Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(2), 139-152.
  • Huang, Y. (2006). Private Investment and Financial Development in a Globalized World, Discussion Paper 06/589, Department of Economics, University of Bristol.
  • Karhan, G. (2019). Portföy Yatırımları İçin Finansal Gelişme Mi Yoksa Finansal İstikrar Mı?, AVRASYA Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(16), 399-413.
  • Kinda, T. (2012). On the Drivers of FDI and Portfolio Investment: A Simultaneous Equations Approach, International Economic Journal, 26(1), 1-22.
  • Kumar B., Mohanty B. (2011). Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Develoment in SAARC Countries with Special Reference to India, Vilakshan: XIMB J Manag 8: 13–22.
  • Makoni, P. L. (2016). The Role of Financial Market Development in Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment in Selected African Economies, University of Wıtwatersrand (Doktora Tezi), Johannesburg.
  • Pamuk, M. ve Bektaş, H. (2014). Türkiye’de Eğitim Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı, Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 77-90.
  • Paseran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Longrun Relationship, https://api.repository.cam.ac.uk/server/api/core/bitstreams/3dc112dc-f831-44ae-a3e6-7afaf66c3dbf/content adresinden 29 Eylül 2024 tarihinde edinilmiştir.
  • Qamruzzaman, M. Ve We, J. (2019). Do Financial İnclusion, Stock Market Development Attract Foreign Capital Flows in Developing Economy: A Panel Data İnvestigation, Quantitative Finance and Economics, 3(1), 88-108.
  • Reinhart, C. and Rogoff, K. (2009). This Time It’s Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, MPRA Paper No. 17452.
  • Sahin, S. (2018). Foreign Direct Investment, International Trade and Financial Development in BRICS-T Countries: A Bootstrap Panel Casuality Analysis, Business and Economics Research Journal, 9(2): 301-316.
  • Shabbir, M. S. ve Muhammad, I. (2019). The Dynamic İmpact of Foreign Portfolio İnvestment on Stock Prices in Pakistan, Transnational Corporations Review, 11(2), 166-178.
  • Shah, M. H. (2017). Financial Development and Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of Middle East and North African (MENA) Developing Nations, MPRA Paper Series, 82013.
  • Tekin, B. (2022). Yabancı Portföy Yatırımları ve Finansal Gelişmişlik Arasındaki İlişkilerin Analizi, Beykent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(1), 29-44.
  • Turgut, E., Uçan, O. Ve Başaran, N. (2021). Turizm Sektörünün Türkiye Ekonomisine Etkisi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı, Selçuk Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 45, 144-159.
  • UNCTAD (2009). UNCTAD Training Manual on Statistics for FDI and the Operations of TNCs – FDI Flows and Stocks. Retrieved 18 Agust 2024 from https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/diaeia20092_en.pdf.
  • Unnikrishnan, R., Jagannathan L. (2015). Unearthing Global Financial Inclusion Levels and Analysis of Financial Inclusion as a Mediating Factor in Global Human Development, Serbian J Management 10: 19–32.
  • Ustaoğlu, E. (2021). Gelişmiş Ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Yabancı Portföy Yatırımlarının Belirleyicileri, MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(3), 1715-1724.
  • Volz, U. (2012). Financial Stability in Emerging Markets–Dealing with Global Liquidity, Bonn: DIE, 2012.

FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN DOĞRUDAN YABANCI YATIRIM VE YABANCI PORTFÖY YATIRIMI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 244 - 254, 28.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.56574/nohusosbil.1560316

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de 1990-2022 döneminde finansal gelişmenin doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve yabancı portföy yatırımları üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Bu kapsamda, finansal gelişme göstergeleri olarak M3 para büyüklüğü, özel sektör kredileri, piyasa kapitalizasyonu ve borsa işlem hacminin doğrudan yabancı yatırım ve yabancı portföy yatırımları üzerindeki etkileri ARDL sınır testi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, uzun dönemde değişkenler arasında bir eşbütünleşmenin mevcut olduğunu göstermektedir. Uzun vadede, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar üzerinde M3 para büyüklüğü ve borsa işlem hacminin negatif; piyasa kapitalizasyonu ve özel sektör kredilerinin ise pozitif etkisi bulunmaktadır. Ancak, sadece M3 para büyüklüğü ve piyasa kapitalizasyonu katsayıları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Kısa dönem hata düzeltme modeli sonuçları ise piyasa kapitalizasyonuna ilişkin katsayının pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Uzun dönemde yabancı portföy yatırımları üzerinde de piyasa kapitalizasyonu ve M3 para büyüklüğünün negatif, özel sektör kredileri ve borsa işlem hacminin ise pozitif etkisi gözlemlenmiştir. Fakat bu değişkenler arasında sadece piyasa kapitalizasyonu katsayısı istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Kısa dönemde ise, yabancı portföy yatırımları üzerinde özel sektör kredilerinin negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Abidin, Irwan S. Z. (2015). Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Development, International Trade and Energy Consumption: Panel Data Evidence from Selected ASEAN Countries, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 5(3): 841-850.
  • Aslan, A., Altınöz, B. Ve Esmeray, M. (2019). Finansal Gelişmenin Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 15(3), 649-659.
  • Asteriou, D. ve Argiro M. (2014). FDI, Finance and Growth: Further Empirical Evidence from a Panel of 73 Countries, Applied Economics and Finance, 1(2): 48-57.
  • Bahri, E. N. A. (2018). The Role of Financial Development on Foreign Direct Investments in ASEAN-5 Countries: Panel Cointegration with Cross-Sectional Dependency Analysis, Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 14(1): 1-23.
  • Baltagi BH., Demetriades PO., Law SH. (2009). Financial development and openness: Evidence from panel data, J Dev Econ 89: 285–296.
  • Bayar, Y. ve Gavriletea, M. D. (2018). Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and Financial Development in Central and Eastern European Union Countries: A Panel Cointegration and Causality, International Journal o f Financial Studies, 6(55), 1-13.
  • Bluedorn MJC., Duttagupta R., Guajardo J. (2013) Capital Flows are Fickle: Anytime, Anywhere, International Monetary Fund, 13–183.
  • Boboye, A.L., Oluwakemi, A. ve Alamu, O.A. (2017). Impact of Foreign Private Investment on the Development of Nigerian Capital Market, International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 1(2), 120-132.
  • Chinn, MD., Ito, H. (2006). What Matters for Financial Development? Capital Controls, İnstitutions, And İnteractions, J Dev Econ, 81, 163–192.
  • Choong, C. K., Yusop, Z. ve Law, S. H. (2010). Private Capital Flows to Developing Countries: The Role of The Domestic Financial Sector, Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 15(4), 509-529.
  • Çelik, İ. (2019). Finansal Gelişmişlik Seviyesinin Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar Üzerindeki Rolü: Kırılgan Beşli Ülkeleri Açısından Bir Değerlendirme, Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 41(1), 65-82.
  • De Santis, R. A., ve Ehling, P. (2007). Do International Portfolio Investors Follow Firms’ Foreign Investment Decisions?, ECB, Working Paper, 815, 4-43.
  • Desbordes, R. ve Shang-Jin W. (2017). The Effects of Financial Development on Foreign Direct Investment, NBER Working Paper Series, 23309: 1-43.
  • Duasa, J. ve Kassim, S. H. (2009). Foreign Portfolio İnvestment and Economic Growth in Malaysia, The Pakistan Development Review, 109-123.
  • Dunning, J.H. (1981). Explaining the International Direct Investment Position of Countries: Towards a Dynamic or Developmental Approach, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 117: 30-64.
  • Esfendiyari, M. (2015). The Role of Financial Markets Development in the Foreign Direct Investment Effect on Economic Growth (The Case of D8 with Emphasizing on Iran), International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 5(10): 240-248.
  • Fratzscher M., Lo Duca M., Straub R. (2012). Quantitative Easing, Portfolio Choice and International Capital Flows, Draft Eur Cent Bank Frankf, 22:1–54.
  • Gülmez, A. (2015). Türkiye’de Dış Finansman Kaynakları Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(2), 139-152.
  • Huang, Y. (2006). Private Investment and Financial Development in a Globalized World, Discussion Paper 06/589, Department of Economics, University of Bristol.
  • Karhan, G. (2019). Portföy Yatırımları İçin Finansal Gelişme Mi Yoksa Finansal İstikrar Mı?, AVRASYA Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(16), 399-413.
  • Kinda, T. (2012). On the Drivers of FDI and Portfolio Investment: A Simultaneous Equations Approach, International Economic Journal, 26(1), 1-22.
  • Kumar B., Mohanty B. (2011). Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Develoment in SAARC Countries with Special Reference to India, Vilakshan: XIMB J Manag 8: 13–22.
  • Makoni, P. L. (2016). The Role of Financial Market Development in Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment in Selected African Economies, University of Wıtwatersrand (Doktora Tezi), Johannesburg.
  • Pamuk, M. ve Bektaş, H. (2014). Türkiye’de Eğitim Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı, Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 77-90.
  • Paseran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Longrun Relationship, https://api.repository.cam.ac.uk/server/api/core/bitstreams/3dc112dc-f831-44ae-a3e6-7afaf66c3dbf/content adresinden 29 Eylül 2024 tarihinde edinilmiştir.
  • Qamruzzaman, M. Ve We, J. (2019). Do Financial İnclusion, Stock Market Development Attract Foreign Capital Flows in Developing Economy: A Panel Data İnvestigation, Quantitative Finance and Economics, 3(1), 88-108.
  • Reinhart, C. and Rogoff, K. (2009). This Time It’s Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, MPRA Paper No. 17452.
  • Sahin, S. (2018). Foreign Direct Investment, International Trade and Financial Development in BRICS-T Countries: A Bootstrap Panel Casuality Analysis, Business and Economics Research Journal, 9(2): 301-316.
  • Shabbir, M. S. ve Muhammad, I. (2019). The Dynamic İmpact of Foreign Portfolio İnvestment on Stock Prices in Pakistan, Transnational Corporations Review, 11(2), 166-178.
  • Shah, M. H. (2017). Financial Development and Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of Middle East and North African (MENA) Developing Nations, MPRA Paper Series, 82013.
  • Tekin, B. (2022). Yabancı Portföy Yatırımları ve Finansal Gelişmişlik Arasındaki İlişkilerin Analizi, Beykent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(1), 29-44.
  • Turgut, E., Uçan, O. Ve Başaran, N. (2021). Turizm Sektörünün Türkiye Ekonomisine Etkisi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı, Selçuk Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 45, 144-159.
  • UNCTAD (2009). UNCTAD Training Manual on Statistics for FDI and the Operations of TNCs – FDI Flows and Stocks. Retrieved 18 Agust 2024 from https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/diaeia20092_en.pdf.
  • Unnikrishnan, R., Jagannathan L. (2015). Unearthing Global Financial Inclusion Levels and Analysis of Financial Inclusion as a Mediating Factor in Global Human Development, Serbian J Management 10: 19–32.
  • Ustaoğlu, E. (2021). Gelişmiş Ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Yabancı Portföy Yatırımlarının Belirleyicileri, MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(3), 1715-1724.
  • Volz, U. (2012). Financial Stability in Emerging Markets–Dealing with Global Liquidity, Bonn: DIE, 2012.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Time-Series Analysis, Financial Economy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Asuman Balat 0000-0003-1756-258X

Levent Çıtak 0000-0002-0854-4454

Publication Date December 28, 2024
Submission Date October 2, 2024
Acceptance Date October 31, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Balat, A., & Çıtak, L. (2024). FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN DOĞRUDAN YABANCI YATIRIM VE YABANCI PORTFÖY YATIRIMI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2), 244-254. https://doi.org/10.56574/nohusosbil.1560316
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