Hestên Netewî û Siyaseta Kurdan di Sedsala Dawî de

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 7, 43 - 64, 01.01.2017

Necat Keskin

Abstract

Peymana Sykes-Picot ya veşartî ku Frensî û Ingilîz li ser li hev hatibûn, û dûv re Rûs

jî tevlî bûbûn bi awayekî li ser parvekirina xaka Rojhilata Navîn derketibû meydanê.

Di vir de axa ku Kurd li ser dijîn jî mijara vê parvekirinê bû.

Sedemeke ku çima Kurd ji bo mafê xwe şer nekirin zeîfbûna hestên netewî bû,

ligel ku ya din jî tunebûna lihevkirinekê di nav rêberên wan de (emîr û paşa) bû,

ku piştî şerê cîhanê yê yekemîn jî dewam kir û bû sedema lidervemayîna Kurdan

di peymanên navnetewî de. Di encamê de, di nav çar “netewe-dewlet”an de çar

civakên Kurdan peyda bûn.

Netewebûn, berî her tiştî bi fikra ‘ax’ê ve girêdayî ye û kesên li ser vê axê dijîn her

çiqasî hevdu nasnekin jî bi heman hestan nêzîkî hev dibin ku Benedict Anderson ji

vê yekê re dibêje “cemaatên xeyalkirî”.

Di vê gotarê de rewşa siyaseta Kurdan û “netewperwerî” ya wan, ligel berawerdkirina

bi rewşa ku peymana Sykes-Picot derketiye, bi mînakên dawî wek “paşxistina

kongreya netewî”, “azadkirina Şengalê”, û “şerê Kobanê” dê were niqaşkirin.

Keywords

Sykes-Picot, Kurd, netewe, Kurdistan, Rojhilata Navîn

Nationalistic Senses and Kurdish Politics in the Last Century

Abstract

The Sykes-Picot Agreement, agreed privately by France and Britain and subsequently

extended to include Russia, was eventually revealed or publicized as

drawing boundaries in the Middle-East for the 20th century. The land in which

Kurds were living was object of this division.

One of the reason why the Kurds did not fight for their own interests was the

weakness of nationalistic feelings among them, while

the other was lack of concensus among their leaders

(emirs and pashas), which continued even after World

War I and leading to the Kurds’ exclusion from international

agreements. Consequently, four distinct Kurdish

societies emerged in four different “nation-states”.

Nationalism is bound to the idea of a ‘land’ at first,

and the people living in the same land are emotionally

close to each other even though they do not know each

other, which is determined as ‘imagined community’

by Benedict Anderson.

In this article the current situation of the Kurdish politics

and their “nationalism” are going to be discussed

by comparing them to the situation in which Sykes-

Picot agreement occurred with the recent happenings

such as “postponing national congreess”, “liberating

Shingal”, and “Kobane” fighting.

Keywords

Sykes-Picot, Kurds, nationalism, Kurdistan, Middle East

References

• Ali, H. (2014). Yes, the Peshmerga broken Sykes-Picot, http://ekurd.net/mismas/articles/ misc2014/11/state8632.htm last seen:14.10.2016
• Anter, M. (1999). Hatıralarım. İstanbul: Avesta
• Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (Revised Edition), London &New York: VERSO
• Bedirxan, E. (1899). Îtizar, Rojnameya Kurdistan, hj. 16. rp.1-3.
• Bedirxan, E. (1901). Ji Kurdan re, Rojnameya Kurdistan, hj. 27, rp.2-3.
• Belçim Galip, Ö. (2015). Imagining Kurdistan: Identity, Culture, and Society, London& New York: I. B. Tauris
• Bilgin, M. S. (1992). Barzani, İstanbul: Fırat yayınları.
• Bozarslan, H. (2013). Önsöz: Türkiye’de Kürt Sol Hareketi, In. Kürdistan Sosyalist Hareketi: 60’lardan 2000’lere Seçme Metinler (ed. by. E. A. Türkmen & A. Özmen), Ankara: Dipnot, pp. 9-69.
• Bozarslan, M. E. (1991). Pêşkêşî, Kurdistan, Kovara Kurdî ya pêşîn, Uppsala: Deng
• Bruinessen, M. V. (1992). Agha, Shaikh and State: The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan, London & New Jersey: Zed Books Ltd.
• Celîl, C. (1998). Serhildana Şêx Ubeydullah (wer. M.Aras),: Istanbul: Weşanên Perî
• Cemil Paşa, E. (1991). Muhtasar Hayatım, Brüksel: Brüksel Kürt Enstitüsü yayınları Coles, I. (2014). Kurds’ battle for Syria’s Kobani unites a people divided by borders, http:// www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-kurds-idUSKBN0IK0DN20141031 last seen:15.10.2016
• Çiviroglu, M. (2016). The Constitution of Rojava Cantons, http://civiroglu.net/the-constitution- of-the-rojava-cantons/ 09.02.2016
• Hakan, S. (2007). Osmanlı Arşiv Belgelerinde Kürtler ve Kürt Direnişleri (1817-1867), Ankara: Doz
• (2013). Türkiye Kurulurken Kürtler (1916-1920), Istanbul: Iletişim
• Hobsbawm, E. J. (2010). Milletler ve Milliyetçilik: Program, Mit, Gerçeklik (4.bsk), İstanbul: Ayrıntı
• International Crisis Group (2013). Syria’s Kurds: A Struggle Within a Struggle. http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/ Iraq%20Syria%20Lebanon/Syria/136-syrias-Kurds-a-struggle-within-a-struggle.pdf 09.02.2016
• Jîn (Kurdish Journal-1918) I-II-III-IV-V (1985) (Transliteration: M.Emin Bozarslan), Uppsala: Deng
• Jwaideh, W. (2004). Kürt Milliyetçiliğinin Tarihi (Trs. İ.Çeken-A.Duran), 3. bsk., İstanbul: İletişim
• Kaya, H. (2012). Doğu’nun Elçisi’nden Yüce Divan’a Şerafettin Elçi, İstanbul: Fanos yayınları.
• Keskin, N. (2014). A Starting point towards ‘unification’ between Kurds: Peshmerga to Kobani, http://ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2014/10/syriakurd1628.htm last seen: 15.10.2016.
• (2015). Will Kurds Make it This Time?, http://ekurd.net/will-kurds-make-it-this-time- 2015-08-19, last seen: 15.10.2016
• Kûrdistan I-II (1991). (Transliteration: M. E. Bozarslan), Uppsala: Deng
• Noel, E.W. C. (2010). Kürdistan 1919, (trans. B. Birer), Istanbul: Avesta
• Öcalan, A. (2011). Democratic Confederalism, London: Transmedia Publishing Ltd.http://www.freeocalan.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Ocalan-Democratic-Confederalism.pdf 10.02.2016.
• (2012). Kürdistan Devrim Manifestosu, Kürt Sorunu ve Demokratik Ulus Çözümü (Kültürel Soykırım Kıskacında Kürtleri Savunmak), Istanbul: Ararat
• Özkırımlı, U. (2009). Milliyetçilik Kuramları: Eleştirel bir Bakış (3.bsk), Istanbul: Doğu-Batı Yayınları
• Özoglu, H. (2004). Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries, New York: State University of New York Press
• Rehmî, E. (1918). Halê me yê hazir, Jîn, hj. 6, rp.17-18.
• Rogg, I. & Rimscha, H. (2007). The Kurds as parties to and victims of conflicts in Iraq, International Review of Red Cross, v. 89, n.868, pp.823-842.
• Romano, D. (2010). Kürt Dirilişi (Olanak, Mobilizasyon, ve Kimlik), (çev. M. Topal & E. Gedik), İstanbul: Vate yayınevi
• Rózsa, E. N. (2012). The Arab Spring Its Impact on the Region and on the Middle East Conference, Policy Brief, Nos. 9/10. http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/09609.pdf
• Schmidinger, T. (2014). Suriye Kürdistanı’nda Savaş ve Devrim (Trs. S. Altınkılıç), Istanbul: Yordam
• Silopî, Z. (Ekrem Cemil Paşa) (1969). Doza Kürdüstan, Beyrut: Stewr basım-evi
• Temo, M. (2012). Rûpelên Zemina Welatekî bê Welat, In: Geşepêdanên Rojhelatanavîn, Sûrye û Kurdistana Rojava (ed. Seîd Weroj), Istanbul: Doz, rp.31-87.
• The Road of the Revolution of Kurdistan (Kürdistan Devriminin Yolu-Manifesto). In: Kürdistan Sosyalist Hareketi: 60’lardan 2000’lere Seçme Metinler (ed. by. E. A. Türkmen & A. Özmen), Ankara: Dipnot, pp. 445-528.
• Türkmen, E. A. & Özmen, A. (ed). (2013). Kürdistan Sosyalist Solu Kitabı (60’lardan 2000’ler Seçme Metinler), Ankara: Dipnot
• Weiler, G. (1994). What Is the Philosophy of Nationalism?, Studies in East European Thought, Vol. 46, No. 1/2, Nationalism and Social Science (Jun., 1994), pp. 119-128.
• White, P. J. (2012). İlkel İsyancılar mı? Devrimci Modernleştiriciler mi? (Türkiye’de Kürt Ulusal Hareketi), (çev. M. Topal), İstanbul: Vate Yayınevi
• Web: - http://www.pukmedia.com/EN/KK_Direje.aspx?Jimare=1728315.10.2016
• - http://www.britannica.com/event/Sykes-Picot-Agreement 30.01.2016
• - http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/sykes_pico.html 30.01.2016.
• - http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/sykes-picot-agreement-180957217/?no-ist 30.01.2016
• Nationalistic Senses and Kurdish Politics in the Last