A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They
act to connect the people, objects, time and locations of a sentence. Preposition
does not have a meaning on its own, in sentence comes before or after noun or
words like noun; establishes various meaning relations between words and verbs,
gerundial, nouns and grammatical independent clauses that add different
meanings to the sentence. Prepositions are usually short words, and they
are normally placed directly in front of nouns. A nice way to think about
prepositions is as the words that help glue a sentence together. They do this
by expressing position and movement, possession, time and how an action is
completed.
Indeed, several of the most frequently used
words in Persian, such as به، با، در، بر، تا، تا،
جز، چون، برای از، (az-from, ba-to, dar-in,
ber-on, upon, ta-up to, coz-other than, jon-for, baray-for) are prepositions.
Explaining prepositions can seem complicated, but they are a common part of
language and most of us use them naturally without even thinking about it.
Prepositions are the smallest group of auxiliary parts of sentence, helps use
of words, phrases, and sentence. While prepositions establish interest among
words, creates phrases. Sometimes these phrases are complete verb such as
adverbial in terms of reason, time, place, direction, purpose, quality,
quantity, contrast, question, similarity, means, sometimes such as indirect
object in terms of heading, availability, leaving.
In fact, it’s interesting to note that
prepositions are regarded as a ‘closed class’ of words,This means, unlike verbs
and nouns, no new words are added to this group over time. In a way, it
reflects their role as the functional workhorse of the sentence. They are
unassuming and subtle, yet vitally important to the meaning of language.
Prepositions in Persian three types are
examined: simple preposition, compound preposition, defined preposition. Simple
preposition are those which are not compounded with any other word. The Simple
Prepositions generally assist in determining the place or position of a person
or thing. For example: به، با، در، را، بر، تا، الا،
باز، تا، جز، چو، چون، فرو، که، فرا، برای از، (az, ba, dar, ra,
ber, ta, ella, baz, coz, jo, jon, foro, ke, fera, baray). Compound preposition are
those prepositions which are formed by prefixing the preposition to a noun, an
adjective or an adverb. For example: به جز، جز از، مگر
از، جز که، چون که، مگر که، همچو، از بهر، به خاطر، به غیر از
( ba, coz, coz az, magar az, coz ke, jon ke, magar
ke, hamjo, az bahr, ba hatar, ba gayr az). Defined preposition come in three varieties: At the end of the words, the
summoning ا (a), the beginning of the call ای (ay) the
exclamation exclamation and the را
(ra).
In Persian especially in the classical works
type of poetry and prose it is seen that prepositions have more than one
meaning. Preposition به (ba) has a lot of meanings such as the, on, at, to, for, from,
with, upon, over, towards, on account of, despite, although, spite of, like,
while, under, acording to, about, near, next to, when, by. At the same time
this preposition binds two words of the same kind, sometimes makes the
adjective or the adverb, it was seen that this preposition was used at the
beginning of the verbs, gerundial in classical Persian. While setting the
sentence in the present, preposition به (ba) was used at the beginning of verb in
the imperatives and subjunctive mood of verbs. Sometimes the tanven at the
end of the envelope is thrown and the preposition به (ba) is added thus
makes the task adverbial in the sentence, used to meaning of starting in
sentences, used to consolidate the meaning of the word, connects two words of
the same type, before these prepositions بر
(bar) on, در (dar) at, جز
(coz) other than accepted more and for the sentence meaning of this preposion
unnecessary.
In the study, the various uses of preposition به (ba)
and its different meanings were examined with examples. Thirty-nine
different uses and meanings of preposition به
(ba) were determined and explained with
examples. These example are mostly selected from poems of poets of Persian
literature such as Firdevsi, Enveri, Hakani, Attar, Mevlana, Iraki, Sadi,
Evhadi, Hafız.
Structured Abstract
A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They act to connect the
people, objects, time and locations of a sentence. Preposition does not
have a meaning on its own, in sentence comes before or after noun or words like
noun; establishes various meaning relations between words and verbs, gerundial,
nouns and grammatical independent clauses that add different meanings to the
sentence. Prepositions are usually short words, and they are normally
placed directly in front of nouns. A nice way to think about prepositions is as
the words that help glue a sentence together. They do this by expressing
position and movement, possession, time and how an action is completed.
Indeed, several of the most frequently used
words in Persian, such as به، با، در، بر، تا، تا،
جز، چون، برای از، (az-from, ba-to,
dar-in, ber-on, upon, ta-up to, coz-other than, jon-for, baray-for) are
prepositions. Explaining prepositions can seem complicated, but they are a
common part of language and most of us use them naturally without even thinking
about it. Prepositions are the smallest group of auxiliary parts of sentence,
helps use of words, phrases, and sentence. While prepositions establish
interest among words, creates phrases. Sometimes these phrases are complete
verb such as adverbial in terms of reason, time, place, direction, purpose,
quality, quantity, contrast, question, similarity, means, sometimes such as
indirect object in terms of heading, availability, leaving.
In fact, it’s interesting to note that
prepositions are regarded as a ‘closed class’ of words,This means, unlike verbs
and nouns, no new words are added to this group over time. In a way, it
reflects their role as the functional workhorse of the sentence. They are
unassuming and subtle, yet vitally important to the meaning of language.
Prepositions in Persian three types are
examined: simple preposition, compound preposition, defined preposition. Simple
preposition are those which are not compounded with any other word. The Simple
Prepositions generally assist in determining the place or position of a person
or thing. For example: به، با، در، را، بر، تا، الا،
باز، تا، جز، چو، چون، فرو، که، فرا، برای از، (az, ba, dar, ra,
ber, ta, ella, baz, coz, jo, jon, foro, ke, fera, baray). Compound preposition
are those prepositions which are formed by prefixing the preposition to a noun,
an adjective or an adverb. For example: به جز، جز از، مگر
از، جز که، چون که، مگر که، همچو، از بهر، به خاطر، به غیر از
( ba, coz, coz az, magar az, coz ke, jon ke, magar
ke, hamjo, az bahr, ba hatar, ba gayr az). Defined preposition come in three varieties: At the end of the words, the
summoning ا (a), the beginning of the call ای (ay) the exclamation exclamation and the را (ra).
In Persian especially in the classical works
type of poetry and prose it is seen that prepositions have more than one
meaning. Preposition به (ba) has a lot of meanings such as the, on, at, to, for, from,
with, upon, over, towards, on account of, despite, although, spite of, like,
while, under, acording to, about, near, next to, when, by. At the same time
this preposition binds two words of the same kind, sometimes makes the
adjective or the adverb, it was seen that this preposition was used at the beginning
of the verbs, gerundial in classical Persian. While setting the sentence in the
present, preposition به (ba) was used at the beginning of verb in the imperatives and
subjunctive mood of verbs. Sometimes the tanven at the end of the envelope
is thrown and the preposition به (ba) is added thus makes the task
adverbial in the sentence, used to meaning of starting in sentences, used to
consolidate the meaning of the word, connects two words of the same type,
before these prepositions بر (bar) on, در (dar) at, جز
(coz) other than accepted more and for the sentence meaning of this preposion
unnecessary.
In the study, the various uses of preposition به (ba)
and its different meanings were examined with examples. Thirty-nine
different uses and meanings of preposition به
(ba) were determined and explained with
examples. These example are mostly selected from poems of poets of Persian
literature such as Firdevsi, Enveri, Hakani, Attar, Mevlana, Iraki, Sadi,
Evhadi, Hafız.
