CLIMATE CHANGE (CC) IMPACTS ON FIELD CROPS: A GENERAL APPROACH

Year 2018, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 163 - 170, 14.10.2018

Hakan Ulukan

Abstract

The field crops, like all other cultivated plants, are very
sensitive to the CC with its inseparable components as known
greenhouse gases (GHGs’) emissions which were composed of CO2, CH4,
N2O, Water Vapor, CFCs, etc.. For instance, rice (Oryza sativa) crop
plant takes the biggest share of 94% from the GHGs emissions as CH4. As
a strong member of the Green House Gases (GHGs) emission, the CH4 has
300 times higher efficiency than the CO2 and 20 times strong in this
respect than the water vapour (or H2O) in the atmosphere. As known, the
most dangerous of GHGs is the CO2 for the all living organisms and nonliving things. The GHGs emission has positive –up to one degree- (the
CO2 fertilization, etc.) and/or negative (acid rains, fog, floods,
hail, etc.) impacts on flora. According to scientific research
findings, the world’s mean temperature (1.4-5.8oC) will rise by the end
of the year of 2100 and affect the many plants, ecologies, ecosystems
and climatological parameters as locally or regionally or
continentally. Particularly, climate change will increase of the field
crops’ growth and development stages, water use efficiency (WUE)
balance(s), accelerates the ripening, reduces the yield (dry matter)
and nutrient input/taken, etc. with another morphologic, phenologic,
metabolic and biochemical traits.

Keywords

Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), Global Warming Field crops, Flora, Water Use Efficiency (WUE)

CLIMATE CHANGE (CC) IMPACTS ON FIELD CROPS: A GENERAL APPROACH

Abstract

The field crops, like
all other cultivated plants, are very sensitive to the CC with its inseparable components
as known greenhouse gases (GHGs’) emissions which were composed of CO₂,
CH₄, N₂O, Water Vapor, CFCs, etc.. For instance, rice
(Oryza sativa) crop plant takes the biggest share of 94% from the GHGs
emissions as CH₄. As a strong member of the Green House Gases (GHGs)
emission, the CH₄ has 300 times higher efficiency than the CO₂
and 20 times strong in this respect than the water vapour (or H₂O) in the atmosphere. As
known, the most dangerous of GHGs is the CO₂ for the all living organisms and non-living things. The GHGs emission has
positive –up to one degree- (the CO₂ fertilization, etc.) and/or
negative (acid rains, fog, floods, hail, etc.) impacts on flora. According to scientific
research findings, the world’s mean temperature (1.4-5.8^oC) will
rise by the end of the year of 2100 and affect
the many plants, ecologies, ecosystems and climatological parameters as locally
or regionally or continentally. Particularly, climate change will increase of the field crops’ growth and development
stages, water use efficiency (WUE) balance(s),
accelerates the ripening, reduces the yield (dry matter) and nutrient input/taken,
etc. with another morphologic, phenologic,
metabolic and biochemical traits. 

Keywords

Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), Flora, Global Warming Field crops, Water Use Efficiency (WUE)

References

• • Anonymous, (2018a). FAO Statistical Database. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC [Access date May, 14 2018].
• • Anonymous, (2018b). Plant Response to Rising Carbon Dioxide. http://articles.extension.org/pages/58381/plant-response-to- rising-carbon-dioxide [Access date May, 20 2018].
• • Anonymous, (2018c). Aletho News, Climate Policy: Who is at risk In Denial?. https://alethonews.wordpress.com/2014/12/22/climate-policy Access date May, 20 2018].
• • Cutforth, H.W., McGinn, S.M., McPhee, E., and Miller, P.R., (2007). Adaptation of Pulse Crops to the Changing Climate of the Northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal, 99, 1684-1699.
• • Çakır, E., Aykas, E., Yalçın, H., and Dereli, İ., (2009). The Benefit of Conservation Tillage and its Applications in the World and Turkey, 1st Int. Congress on Global Climate Change and Agriculture May 28-30 Tekirdağ, Türkiye, pp:124-134.
• • Dhakhawa, G.B. and Campbell, C.L., (1998). Potential Effects of Differential Day-Night Warming in Global Climate Change on Crop Production. Climate Change, 40, 647-667.
• • Di Norcia, V., (2008). Global Warming is Man-made: Key Points in the International Panel on Climate Change 2007 Report, Hard Like Water–Ethics In Business, Oxford University Press, UK, pp:1-4.
• • Fuhrer, J., (2003). Agroecosystem Responses to the Combination of Elevated CO2, ozone, and Global Climate Change. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 97, pg:20.
• • Fuhrer, J., (2009). Climate Change–risks and Opportunities for Agriculture, 1st Int. Congress on Global Climate Change and Agriculture May 28-30 Tekirdağ, Türkiye, pp:81-87.
• • IPCC, (2007). New Assessment Methods and the Characterization of Future Conditions. In: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. The Contribution of Working Group II to the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. pp:976.
• • IPCC, (2014). Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report. The Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the 5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climatechange (IPCC) [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer eds.)]. Geneva, Switzerland, pg:151.
• • Krupa, S.V., (1997). Global Climate Change: Processes and Products-An Overview. Environmental Monitoring and Assesment, 46, 73-88.
• • Lenart, M., Jones, C., and Kimball, B., (2006). Rising Carbon Dioxide Levels and Forest Management. Climate Change and Variability in the Southwest Ecosystem Series, The University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Arizona Cooperative Extension, AZ1395, pg:4.
• • Mei, H., Chengjun, J.I., Wenyun, Z., and Jinsheng, H.E., (2007). Interactive Effects of Elevated CO2 and Temperature on the Anatomical Characteristics of Leaves in Eleven Species. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26, 326–333.
• • Mengü, G.P., Şensoy, S., and Akkuzu, E., (2008). Effects of Global Climate Change in Agriculture and Water Resources, Balwois–Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia 27-31 May 2008, pg:10.
• • Nemecek T., Richthofen, V., Dubois, J.S., Casta, G., Charles, P.R., and Pahl, H., (2008). Environmental Impacts of Introducing Grain Legumes into European Crop Rotations. European Journal of Agronomy, 28, 380–393.
• • Prasad, P.K., (2009). Effects of Agriculture on Climate Change: A Cross-country Study of Factors Affecting Carbon Emissions. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 10, 72-88.
• • Rogers, H.H., Runion, G.B. and Krupa, S.V., (1994). Environmental Pollution. 83, 155-189.
• • Romanova, A.K., (2005). Physiological and Biochemical Aspects and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation to the Elevated Concentration of Atmospheric CO2. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 52, 112–126.
• • Rosenzweigh, C. and Hillel, D., (1995). Potential Impact of Climate Change in Agriculture and Food Supply. Consequences, 1, 24-32.
• • Rötter, R. and Van De Geijn, S.J., (1999). Climate Change Effects on Plant Growth, Crop Yield and Livestock. Climatic Change, 43, 651-681.
• • Smith, S.D., Huxman, T.E., Zitzer, S.F., Charlet, T.N., Housman, D.C., Coleman, J.C., Fenstermaker, L.K., Seemann, J.R., and Nowak, R.S., (2000). Elevated CO2 Increases Productivity and Invasive Species Success in an Arid Ecosystem. Nature, 408, 6808, 79-82.
• • Tubiello, F.N. and Ewert, F., (2002). Simulating the Effects of Elevated CO2 on Crops: Approaches and Applications for Climate Change. European Journal of Agronomy, 18, 57-74.
• • Ulukan, H., (2008). Agronomic Adaptation of some Field Crops: A General Approach. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194, 169–179.
• • Ulukan, H., (2009a). The Evolution of Cultivated Plantspecies: Classical Plant Breeding Versus Genetic Engineering. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 280, 133-142.
• • Ulukan, H., (2009b). The Evolution of Cultivated Plantspecies: Classical Plant Breeding Versus Genetic Engineering. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 280, 133-142.
• • Uzmen, R., (2007). Global Warming and Climate Changing, Is it a Catastrophe for the Humanity?, Knowledge and Culture Publ., No 221, Ankara, Turkey, pg:176, [in Turkish].
• • Zavarzin, A.G., (2001). The Role of Biota in Global Climate Change. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 48, 2, 265–272.
• • Ziska, L.H., Bunce, J.A., and Caulfield, F.A., (2001). Rising Atmospheric CO2 and Seed Yield of Soybean Genotypes. Crop Science, 41, 385-391.
• • Zhai, F. and Zhuang, J., (2009). Agricultural Impact of Climate Change: A General Equilibrium Analysis with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. ADBI working paper 131. Tokyo:Asian Development Bank Institute. Pg:21.