Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Poet and the "Other": Muslims and al-Andalus in Ermoldus Nigellus' In honorem Hludowici

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 664 - 688, 26.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1354537

Abstract

Ermoldus Nigellus, about whose life we do not have much information, is one of the important poets of the Carolingian period. In his work In honorem Hludowicus, probably written around 826-828, which describes the life of Louis I, the son of the Frankish emperor Charlemagne, he provides extremely important information about the Muslims of al-Andalus. In the first book of this work, the poet describes with vivid descriptions how the Franks led by Louis captured the city of Barcinona/Barshalūna (Barcelona) in 801. Throughout the narrative, he refers to the Muslims in general with the term Mauri, which is generally used to denote Berbers in the sources of the period, and in this respect he differs from other Frankish sources. In order to emphasise the seriousness of the threat posed by the Muslims of al-Andalus to the Franks, the author tries to illustrate the problems that this otherised population caused to the Frankish society. He thus stresses the necessity and legitimacy of the military operations against al-Andalus. He also tries to show the reader the superior virtues of the Franks and Louis by presenting them from a Muslim point of view. Consequently, the poet clearly reflects the perception of Muslims in the European world in the ninth century. This shows that the work of the "exiled" poet Ermoldus Nigellus is extremely important both for understanding the social and political impact of the Muslims of al-Andalus north of the Pyrenees and for assessing the place of Muslims in early medieval European literature.

References

  • Ana Kaynaklar
  • Agobardus, De Iudaeorum superstitionibus atque erroribus, ed. E. Dümmler, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolae Karolini aevi, III (Berolini: Apud Weidmannos, 1899), 185-199.
  • Ahbâr Mecmûa, ed. ve çev. Emilio Lafuente y Alcántara, Coleccion de obras arábigas de historia y geografía, I (Madrid: M. Rivadeneyra, 1867).
  • Alcuinus, Epistolae, ed. E. Dümmler, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolae Karolini aevi, II (Berolini: apud Weidmannos, 1895), 1-481.
  • Annales Alamannici, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Sriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Avlici Hahniani, 1826), 22-60.
  • Annales Fuldenses, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1826), 337-415.
  • Annales Laubacenses, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Sriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Avlici Hahniani, 1826), 6-55.
  • Annales Laureshamenses, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Sriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Avlici Hahniani, 1826), 22-39.
  • Annales Mettenses Priores, ed. B. von Simson, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi, X (Hannoverae et Lipsiae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1905).
  • Annales Nazariani, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Sriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Avlici Hahniani, 1826), 23-44.
  • Annales Petaviani, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Sriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Avlici Hahniani, 1826), 7-18.
  • Annales Regni Francorum ve R-Annales Regni Francorum, ed. F. Kurze, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi, VI (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1895).
  • Astronomus, Vita Hludowici imperatoris, ed. ve çev. Ernst Tremp, Astronomus: Das Leben Kaiser Ludwigs, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi, LXIV (Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1995).
  • Augustinus, De haeresibus, ed. R. Vander Plaetse ve C. Beukers, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 46 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1969), 286-345.
  • Bede, Expositio actuum apostolorum, ed. M. L. W. Laistner, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 121 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1983).
  • Biblia Sacra: iuxta Vulgatam versionem, ed. R. Weber ve R. Gryson (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1994).
  • Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Conques en Rouergue, ed. Gustave Desjardins (Paris: Alphonse Picard, 1879).
  • Chronica Byzantia-Arabica¸ ed. I. Gil, Corpus Scriptorum Muzarabicorum, I (Madrid: Instituto Antonio de Nebrija, 1973), 7-14.
  • Chronica Muzarabica, ed. I. Gil, Corpus Scriptorum Muzarabicorum, I (Madrid: Instituto Antonio de Nebrija, 1973), 15-54.
  • Chronicon Moissiacense, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Avlici Hahniani, 1826), 280-313.
  • Continuationes Fredegarii, ed. B. Krusch, Chronicarum Quae Dicuntur Fredegarii Scholastici Libri IV cum Continuationibus, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum, II (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1888), 168-193.
  • Diplomata Pippini I Aquitaniae Regis, ed. M. Bouquet, Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France, VI (Paris: Victor Palmé, 1870), 663-680.
  • Einhardus, Vita Karoli Magni, ed. O. Holder-Egger, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi, XXV (Hannoverae et Lipsiae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1911).
  • Einharti Epistolae, ed. K. Hampe, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolae Karolini aevi, III (Berolini: Apud Weidmannos, 1899), 105-145.
  • Ermoldus Nigellus, Carmen in honorem Hludowici, ed. E. Dümmler, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Poetae Latini aevi Carolini, II (Berolini: apud Weidmannos, 1881), 4-79.
  • Fredegarius, ed. B. Krusch, Chronicarum Quae Dicuntur Fredegarii Scholastici Libri IV cum Continuationibus, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum, II (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1888), 1-168.
  • Hieronymus, Commentarii in Hiezechielem libri XIV, ed. F. Galorie, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 75 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1964).
  • Hieronymus, Commentarii in prophetas minores, ed. M. Adriaen, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 76 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1969).
  • Hludowici Pii capitularia, ed. A. Boretius, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Capitularia regum Francorum, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1888), 261-315.
  • Ioannes Damaskenos, Peri aiereseon, çev. Peter Schadler, John of Damascus and Islam (Leiden: Brill, 2018), 218-233.
  • Isidorus Hispalensis, Isidori Hispalensis episcopi Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX, ed. W. M. Lindsay, I-II (Oxonii: E Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1911).
  • İbn Abdülhakem, Fütûhu Mısr, nşr. Charles C. Torrey, Yale Oriental Series, Researches, III (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1922).
  • İbn Hayyân, el-Muḳtebes min enbâʾi ehli’l-Endelüs, ed. ve çev. J. Vallvé ve F. R. Girela, La primera década del reinado de Al-Ḥakam I, según el Muqtabis II, 1 de Ben Hayyān de Córdoba (m. 469 h./1076 J.C.) (Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia, 2003).
  • İbn İzârî, el-Beyânü’l-muġrib, nşr. Reinhart P. A. Dozy, II (Leiden: Brill, 1849-1851).
  • İbnü’l-Esir, el-Kâmil fi’t-târîh, çev. Yunus Apaydın – Abdullah Köşe, İslâm Tarihi: El-Kâmil Fi’t-Târih, V-VI (İstanbul: Bahar Yayınları, 1985-1991).
  • Karoli Magni capitularia, ed. A. Boretius, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Capitularia regum Francorum, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1888), 44-186.
  • La Chanson de Roland, ed. ve çev. Ian Short (Paris: Livre de Poche, 1990).
  • Lex Salica, ed. Karl A. Eckhardt, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Leges nationum Germanicarum, IV/2 (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1969).
  • Libanios, Orationes, ed. R. Foerster, Libanii Opera, IV, Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana (Lipsiae: In Aedibus B. G. Teubneri, 1908); Dodgeon, Michael H. (çev.). “Libanius, Oriatio LIX (Royal Discourse upon Constantius and Contans)”, From Constantine to Julian: Pagan and Byzantine Views: A Source History, ed. Samuel N. C. Lieu ve Dominic Montserrat (London: Routledge, 1996), 164-209.
  • Liber Historiae Francorum (Frankların Tarihi), çev. Erdinç Ofli (İstanbul: Selenge Yayınları, 2023).
  • Liber Pontificalis, ed. L. Duchesne, Le Liber Pontificalis: Texte, Introduction et Commentaire, I (Paris: Ernest Torin, 1886).
  • Makkarî, Nefhu’t-tîb min ğusni’l-Endelüsi’r-ratîb, çev. Pacual de Gayangos, The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain, I-II (London: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland, 1840-1843).
  • Notker Balbulus, Gesta Karoli Magni imperatoris, ed. H. F. Haefele, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, Nova series, XII, (Berlin: Weidmannsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1959).
  • Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum, ed. G. Waitz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi, XLVIII (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1878).
  • Theodulfus, Ad Carolum Regem, ed. E. Dümmler, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Poetae Latini aevi Carolini, 1, (Berolini: apus Weidmannos, 1881), 483-489.
  • Vita Alcuini, ed. W. Arndt, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores¸ XV/1 (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1887), 182-197.
  • Vita Eucherii, ed. W. Levison, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum, VII (Hannoverae et Lipsiae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1920), 41-53.
  • Vita Pardulfi, ed. W. Levison, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum, VII (Hannoverae et Lipsiae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1920), 24- 40.
  • Modern Literatür
  • Aillet, Cyrille. “the Chronicle of 741”, Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, I, ed. David Thomas ve Barbara Roggema (Leiden ve Boston: Brill, 2009), 284-289.
  • Atçeken, İsmail H. “Puvatya (Balâtü’ş-şühedâ) Savaşı ve Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Selçuk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 8, S. 8 (1998), 243-263.
  • Auzias, Léonce. “Les sièges de Barcelone, de Tortose et d’Huesca (801- 811): Essai chronologique”, Annales du Midi 68, no. 189 (1936), 5-28.
  • Beckett, Katharine S. Anglo-Saxon Perceptions of the Islamic World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
  • Bobrycki, Shane. “Nigellus, Ausulus: self-promotion, self-suppression and Carolingian ideology in the poetry of Ermold”, Ego Trouble Authors and Their Identities in the Early Middle Ages, ed. R. Corradini, M. Gillis, R. McKitterick ve I. Van Renswoude (Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2010), 163-173.
  • Chandler, Cullen J. “Carolingian Catalonia: The Spanish March and the Franks, c.750 – c.1050”, History Compass 11, no. 9 (2013), 739-750.
  • Collins, Roger. “Pippin I and the Kingdom of Aquitaine”, Charlemagne's Heir: New Perspectives on the Reign of Louis the Pious (814-840), ed. Peter Godman ve Roger Collins (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), 363-389.
  • D’Abadal, Ramon. “La domination carolingienne en Catalogne”, Revue Historique 225, no. 2 (1961), 319-340. Dales, Douglas. Alcuin: His Life and Legacy (Cambridge: James Clarke & Co, 2012).
  • Di Casare, Michelina. The Pseudo-Historical Image of the Prophet Muhammad in Medieval Latin Literature: A Repertory (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2012).
  • Erdinç Ofli, Karolenj Dönemi Tarihyazımında Müslümanların Temsili (VIII. ve IX. Yüzyıllar), Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi (İstanbul: Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, 2022).
  • Ewig, Eugen. “Trojamythos und fränkische Frühgeschichte”, Die Franken Und Die Alemannen Bis Zur “Schlacht Bei Zülpich” (496/97), ed. Dieter Geuenich (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1998), 1-30.
  • Faral, Edmond (ed. ve çev.). Ermold le Noir: Poème sur Louis le Pieux et Épitres au Roi Pépin (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1964).
  • Fayda, Mustafa. “Yermük Savaşı”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi, C. 43 (İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2013), 485-486.
  • Godman, Peter. “Louis 'the Pious' and his poets”, Frühmittelalterliche Studien 19, no. 1 (1985), 239-289.
  • Godman, Peter. Poetry of the Carolingian Renaissance (London: Duckworth, 1985).
  • Guichard, Pierre. “Les débuts de la piraterie andalouse en Méditerranée occidentale (798-813)”, Revue de l’Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 35 (1983), 55-76.
  • Guichard, Pierre. Al-Andalus (711-1492): Une histoire de l’Espagne musulmane (Paris: Hachette littératures, 2000).
  • Kaegi, Walter E. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
  • Kreutz, Barbara M. Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth & Tenth Centuries (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996).
  • Lombard, Maurice. L’Islam dans sa première granduer (VIIIe-XIe siècles) (Paris: Flammarion, 2014).
  • Mantran, Robert. L’expansion Musulmane (VIIe-XIe siècles) (Paris: Presses Universitaire de France, 1969).
  • McKitterick, Rosamond. History and Memory in the Carolingian World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
  • McKitterick, Rosamond. The Carolingians and the Written World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
  • McKitterick, Rosamond. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751- 987 (London & New York: Longman 1983).
  • Micheau, François ve Sénac, Philippe. “La bataille Poitiers, de la realite au mythe”, Histoire de l’Islam et des musulmans en France du Moyen Age à nos jours, ed. Mohammed Arkoun (Paris: Albin Michel, 2006), 7-15.
  • Niermeyer, Jan F. (ed.), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus: Lexique latin Médiéval – Français/Anglais - A Medieval Latin – French/English Dictionary (Leiden: Brill, 1976).
  • Noble, Thomas F. X. (ed. ve çev.). Charlemagne and Louis the Pious: The Lives by Einhard, Notker, Ermoldus, Thegan, and the Astronomer (Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press 2009).
  • Ottewill-Soulsby, Samuel, “’Those same cursed Saracens’: Charlemagne’s campaigns in the Iberian Peninsula as religious warfare”, Journal of Medieval History 42, no. 4 (2016), 402-428.
  • Özdemir, Mehmet. “Berşelûne”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi, C. 5, (İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1992), 521-522.
  • Özdemir, Mehmet. Endülüs Müslümanları: Siyasî Tarih (Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, 2019).
  • Riché, Pierre. Les Carolingiens: une famille qui fit l’Europe (Paris: Hachette 1983).
  • Rotter, Ekkehart. Abendland und Sarazenen: Das okzidentale Araberbild und seine Entstehung im Frühmittelalter (Berlin ve New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1983).
  • Sénac, Philippe. “Les Carolingiens et le califat abbasside (VIIIe-IXe siècles)”, Studia Islamica 95 (2002), 37-56.
  • Sénac, Philippe. Charlemagne et Mahomet: en Espagne (VIIIe-IXe siècles) (Paris: Galliamard, 2015).
  • Sénac, Philippe. Al-Andalus: Une histoire politique VIIIe-IXe s. (Paris: Armand Colin, 2020).
  • Shahîd, Irfan. “Saracens”, Encyclopedia of Islam, C. IX (Leiden: Brill, 1997), 27-28.
  • Sot, Michel. “La première renaissance carolingienne: échanges d'hommes, d'ouvrages et de savoirs”, Actes des congrès de la Société des historiens médiévistes de l'enseignement supérieur public 31 (Paris 2001), 23-40.
  • Stone, Rachel. Morality and Masculinity in the Carolingian Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).
  • Ṭāha, Abdulwāhid Dḥanūn. The Muslim Conquest and Settlement of North Africa and Spain (London ve New York: Routledge, 1989).
  • Thomas, Rebecca. “The Vita Alcuini, Asser and Scholarly Service at the Court of Alfred the Great”, The English Historical Review 134, no. 566 (2019), 1-24.
  • Tolan, John V. Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002).
  • Trompf, Garry W. “The Concept of the Carolingian Renaissance”, Journal of the History of Ideas 34, No. 1 (1973), 3-26.
  • Wolf, Kenneth B. “The Chronicle of 754”, Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, I, ed. David Thomas ve Barbara Roggema (Leiden ve Boston: Brill, 2009), 302-304.
  • Wood, Ian N. The Merovingian Kingdoms 450–751 (London: Longman, 1994).
  • Yıldız, Hakkı Dursun. “Abdurrahman II”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi, C. 1 (İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1988), 150-152.

Şair ve “Öteki”: Ermoldus Nigellus’un In honorem Hludowici Adlı Eserinde Müslümanlar ve Endülüs

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 664 - 688, 26.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1354537

Abstract

Hayatı hakkında pek fazla bilgiye sahip olmadığımız Ermoldus Nigellus, Karolenj döneminin önemli şairlerinden bir tanesidir. Kendisi 826-828 yılları arasında kaleme alındığı düşünülen ve Frank İmparator Karolus Magnus’un oğlu I. Hludovicus’un hayatını anlattığı eseri In honorem Hludowicus’ta Endülüs Müslümanlarına dair son derece önemli bilgiler sunar. Şairimiz, bu eserinin birinci kitabında I. Hludovicus önderliğindeki Frankların 801 yılında Barcinona/Berşelûne (Barcelona) şehrini nasıl ele geçirdiklerini son derece canlı tasvirlerle anlatır. Bu anlatı sürecinde Müslümanlara dönem kaynaklarında genellikle yalnızca Berberîleri anmak için kullanılan Mauri terimi ile hitap eder ve bu hususta diğer Frank kaynaklarından ayrıldığı görülür. Yazar, Endülüs Müslümanlarının Franklar için oluşturduğu tehdidin ciddiyetini vurgulamak için ise anlatı boyunca bu ötekileştirilmiş nüfusun Frank toplumunda yol açtığı sorunları örneklendirmeye çalışır. Buna bağlı olarak da Endülüs üzerine yapılan askerî harekâtların zaruriyetini ve meşruiyetini ön plana çıkarır. Müslümanların perspektifinden sunduğu betimlemelerle de Frankların ve eserini adadığı İmparator I. Hludovicus’un üstün vasıflarını okuyucuya iletmeye çalışır. Sonuç olarak şair, In honorem Hludowici adlı eserinde IX. yüzyıl Avrupa dünyasındaki Müslüman algısını oldukça net bir şekilde yansıtır. Bu da gösteriyor ki “sürgün” şair Ermoldus Nigellus’un eseri, hem Endülüs Müslümanlarının Pirenelerin kuzeyinde yarattığı sosyal ve siyasî etkinin anlaşılması hem de Müslümanların erken dönem Orta Çağ Avrupa yazınındaki yerinin genel bir çerçevede değerlendirilebilmesi için son derece önemlidir.

References

  • Ana Kaynaklar
  • Agobardus, De Iudaeorum superstitionibus atque erroribus, ed. E. Dümmler, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolae Karolini aevi, III (Berolini: Apud Weidmannos, 1899), 185-199.
  • Ahbâr Mecmûa, ed. ve çev. Emilio Lafuente y Alcántara, Coleccion de obras arábigas de historia y geografía, I (Madrid: M. Rivadeneyra, 1867).
  • Alcuinus, Epistolae, ed. E. Dümmler, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolae Karolini aevi, II (Berolini: apud Weidmannos, 1895), 1-481.
  • Annales Alamannici, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Sriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Avlici Hahniani, 1826), 22-60.
  • Annales Fuldenses, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1826), 337-415.
  • Annales Laubacenses, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Sriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Avlici Hahniani, 1826), 6-55.
  • Annales Laureshamenses, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Sriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Avlici Hahniani, 1826), 22-39.
  • Annales Mettenses Priores, ed. B. von Simson, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi, X (Hannoverae et Lipsiae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1905).
  • Annales Nazariani, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Sriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Avlici Hahniani, 1826), 23-44.
  • Annales Petaviani, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Sriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Avlici Hahniani, 1826), 7-18.
  • Annales Regni Francorum ve R-Annales Regni Francorum, ed. F. Kurze, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi, VI (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1895).
  • Astronomus, Vita Hludowici imperatoris, ed. ve çev. Ernst Tremp, Astronomus: Das Leben Kaiser Ludwigs, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi, LXIV (Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1995).
  • Augustinus, De haeresibus, ed. R. Vander Plaetse ve C. Beukers, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 46 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1969), 286-345.
  • Bede, Expositio actuum apostolorum, ed. M. L. W. Laistner, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 121 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1983).
  • Biblia Sacra: iuxta Vulgatam versionem, ed. R. Weber ve R. Gryson (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1994).
  • Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Conques en Rouergue, ed. Gustave Desjardins (Paris: Alphonse Picard, 1879).
  • Chronica Byzantia-Arabica¸ ed. I. Gil, Corpus Scriptorum Muzarabicorum, I (Madrid: Instituto Antonio de Nebrija, 1973), 7-14.
  • Chronica Muzarabica, ed. I. Gil, Corpus Scriptorum Muzarabicorum, I (Madrid: Instituto Antonio de Nebrija, 1973), 15-54.
  • Chronicon Moissiacense, ed. G. H. Pertz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Avlici Hahniani, 1826), 280-313.
  • Continuationes Fredegarii, ed. B. Krusch, Chronicarum Quae Dicuntur Fredegarii Scholastici Libri IV cum Continuationibus, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum, II (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1888), 168-193.
  • Diplomata Pippini I Aquitaniae Regis, ed. M. Bouquet, Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France, VI (Paris: Victor Palmé, 1870), 663-680.
  • Einhardus, Vita Karoli Magni, ed. O. Holder-Egger, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi, XXV (Hannoverae et Lipsiae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1911).
  • Einharti Epistolae, ed. K. Hampe, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolae Karolini aevi, III (Berolini: Apud Weidmannos, 1899), 105-145.
  • Ermoldus Nigellus, Carmen in honorem Hludowici, ed. E. Dümmler, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Poetae Latini aevi Carolini, II (Berolini: apud Weidmannos, 1881), 4-79.
  • Fredegarius, ed. B. Krusch, Chronicarum Quae Dicuntur Fredegarii Scholastici Libri IV cum Continuationibus, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum, II (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1888), 1-168.
  • Hieronymus, Commentarii in Hiezechielem libri XIV, ed. F. Galorie, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 75 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1964).
  • Hieronymus, Commentarii in prophetas minores, ed. M. Adriaen, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 76 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1969).
  • Hludowici Pii capitularia, ed. A. Boretius, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Capitularia regum Francorum, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1888), 261-315.
  • Ioannes Damaskenos, Peri aiereseon, çev. Peter Schadler, John of Damascus and Islam (Leiden: Brill, 2018), 218-233.
  • Isidorus Hispalensis, Isidori Hispalensis episcopi Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX, ed. W. M. Lindsay, I-II (Oxonii: E Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1911).
  • İbn Abdülhakem, Fütûhu Mısr, nşr. Charles C. Torrey, Yale Oriental Series, Researches, III (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1922).
  • İbn Hayyân, el-Muḳtebes min enbâʾi ehli’l-Endelüs, ed. ve çev. J. Vallvé ve F. R. Girela, La primera década del reinado de Al-Ḥakam I, según el Muqtabis II, 1 de Ben Hayyān de Córdoba (m. 469 h./1076 J.C.) (Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia, 2003).
  • İbn İzârî, el-Beyânü’l-muġrib, nşr. Reinhart P. A. Dozy, II (Leiden: Brill, 1849-1851).
  • İbnü’l-Esir, el-Kâmil fi’t-târîh, çev. Yunus Apaydın – Abdullah Köşe, İslâm Tarihi: El-Kâmil Fi’t-Târih, V-VI (İstanbul: Bahar Yayınları, 1985-1991).
  • Karoli Magni capitularia, ed. A. Boretius, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Capitularia regum Francorum, I (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1888), 44-186.
  • La Chanson de Roland, ed. ve çev. Ian Short (Paris: Livre de Poche, 1990).
  • Lex Salica, ed. Karl A. Eckhardt, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Leges nationum Germanicarum, IV/2 (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1969).
  • Libanios, Orationes, ed. R. Foerster, Libanii Opera, IV, Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana (Lipsiae: In Aedibus B. G. Teubneri, 1908); Dodgeon, Michael H. (çev.). “Libanius, Oriatio LIX (Royal Discourse upon Constantius and Contans)”, From Constantine to Julian: Pagan and Byzantine Views: A Source History, ed. Samuel N. C. Lieu ve Dominic Montserrat (London: Routledge, 1996), 164-209.
  • Liber Historiae Francorum (Frankların Tarihi), çev. Erdinç Ofli (İstanbul: Selenge Yayınları, 2023).
  • Liber Pontificalis, ed. L. Duchesne, Le Liber Pontificalis: Texte, Introduction et Commentaire, I (Paris: Ernest Torin, 1886).
  • Makkarî, Nefhu’t-tîb min ğusni’l-Endelüsi’r-ratîb, çev. Pacual de Gayangos, The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain, I-II (London: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland, 1840-1843).
  • Notker Balbulus, Gesta Karoli Magni imperatoris, ed. H. F. Haefele, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, Nova series, XII, (Berlin: Weidmannsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1959).
  • Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum, ed. G. Waitz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi, XLVIII (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1878).
  • Theodulfus, Ad Carolum Regem, ed. E. Dümmler, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Poetae Latini aevi Carolini, 1, (Berolini: apus Weidmannos, 1881), 483-489.
  • Vita Alcuini, ed. W. Arndt, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores¸ XV/1 (Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1887), 182-197.
  • Vita Eucherii, ed. W. Levison, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum, VII (Hannoverae et Lipsiae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1920), 41-53.
  • Vita Pardulfi, ed. W. Levison, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum, VII (Hannoverae et Lipsiae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1920), 24- 40.
  • Modern Literatür
  • Aillet, Cyrille. “the Chronicle of 741”, Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, I, ed. David Thomas ve Barbara Roggema (Leiden ve Boston: Brill, 2009), 284-289.
  • Atçeken, İsmail H. “Puvatya (Balâtü’ş-şühedâ) Savaşı ve Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Selçuk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 8, S. 8 (1998), 243-263.
  • Auzias, Léonce. “Les sièges de Barcelone, de Tortose et d’Huesca (801- 811): Essai chronologique”, Annales du Midi 68, no. 189 (1936), 5-28.
  • Beckett, Katharine S. Anglo-Saxon Perceptions of the Islamic World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
  • Bobrycki, Shane. “Nigellus, Ausulus: self-promotion, self-suppression and Carolingian ideology in the poetry of Ermold”, Ego Trouble Authors and Their Identities in the Early Middle Ages, ed. R. Corradini, M. Gillis, R. McKitterick ve I. Van Renswoude (Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2010), 163-173.
  • Chandler, Cullen J. “Carolingian Catalonia: The Spanish March and the Franks, c.750 – c.1050”, History Compass 11, no. 9 (2013), 739-750.
  • Collins, Roger. “Pippin I and the Kingdom of Aquitaine”, Charlemagne's Heir: New Perspectives on the Reign of Louis the Pious (814-840), ed. Peter Godman ve Roger Collins (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), 363-389.
  • D’Abadal, Ramon. “La domination carolingienne en Catalogne”, Revue Historique 225, no. 2 (1961), 319-340. Dales, Douglas. Alcuin: His Life and Legacy (Cambridge: James Clarke & Co, 2012).
  • Di Casare, Michelina. The Pseudo-Historical Image of the Prophet Muhammad in Medieval Latin Literature: A Repertory (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2012).
  • Erdinç Ofli, Karolenj Dönemi Tarihyazımında Müslümanların Temsili (VIII. ve IX. Yüzyıllar), Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi (İstanbul: Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, 2022).
  • Ewig, Eugen. “Trojamythos und fränkische Frühgeschichte”, Die Franken Und Die Alemannen Bis Zur “Schlacht Bei Zülpich” (496/97), ed. Dieter Geuenich (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1998), 1-30.
  • Faral, Edmond (ed. ve çev.). Ermold le Noir: Poème sur Louis le Pieux et Épitres au Roi Pépin (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1964).
  • Fayda, Mustafa. “Yermük Savaşı”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi, C. 43 (İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2013), 485-486.
  • Godman, Peter. “Louis 'the Pious' and his poets”, Frühmittelalterliche Studien 19, no. 1 (1985), 239-289.
  • Godman, Peter. Poetry of the Carolingian Renaissance (London: Duckworth, 1985).
  • Guichard, Pierre. “Les débuts de la piraterie andalouse en Méditerranée occidentale (798-813)”, Revue de l’Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 35 (1983), 55-76.
  • Guichard, Pierre. Al-Andalus (711-1492): Une histoire de l’Espagne musulmane (Paris: Hachette littératures, 2000).
  • Kaegi, Walter E. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
  • Kreutz, Barbara M. Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth & Tenth Centuries (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996).
  • Lombard, Maurice. L’Islam dans sa première granduer (VIIIe-XIe siècles) (Paris: Flammarion, 2014).
  • Mantran, Robert. L’expansion Musulmane (VIIe-XIe siècles) (Paris: Presses Universitaire de France, 1969).
  • McKitterick, Rosamond. History and Memory in the Carolingian World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
  • McKitterick, Rosamond. The Carolingians and the Written World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
  • McKitterick, Rosamond. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751- 987 (London & New York: Longman 1983).
  • Micheau, François ve Sénac, Philippe. “La bataille Poitiers, de la realite au mythe”, Histoire de l’Islam et des musulmans en France du Moyen Age à nos jours, ed. Mohammed Arkoun (Paris: Albin Michel, 2006), 7-15.
  • Niermeyer, Jan F. (ed.), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus: Lexique latin Médiéval – Français/Anglais - A Medieval Latin – French/English Dictionary (Leiden: Brill, 1976).
  • Noble, Thomas F. X. (ed. ve çev.). Charlemagne and Louis the Pious: The Lives by Einhard, Notker, Ermoldus, Thegan, and the Astronomer (Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press 2009).
  • Ottewill-Soulsby, Samuel, “’Those same cursed Saracens’: Charlemagne’s campaigns in the Iberian Peninsula as religious warfare”, Journal of Medieval History 42, no. 4 (2016), 402-428.
  • Özdemir, Mehmet. “Berşelûne”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi, C. 5, (İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1992), 521-522.
  • Özdemir, Mehmet. Endülüs Müslümanları: Siyasî Tarih (Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, 2019).
  • Riché, Pierre. Les Carolingiens: une famille qui fit l’Europe (Paris: Hachette 1983).
  • Rotter, Ekkehart. Abendland und Sarazenen: Das okzidentale Araberbild und seine Entstehung im Frühmittelalter (Berlin ve New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1983).
  • Sénac, Philippe. “Les Carolingiens et le califat abbasside (VIIIe-IXe siècles)”, Studia Islamica 95 (2002), 37-56.
  • Sénac, Philippe. Charlemagne et Mahomet: en Espagne (VIIIe-IXe siècles) (Paris: Galliamard, 2015).
  • Sénac, Philippe. Al-Andalus: Une histoire politique VIIIe-IXe s. (Paris: Armand Colin, 2020).
  • Shahîd, Irfan. “Saracens”, Encyclopedia of Islam, C. IX (Leiden: Brill, 1997), 27-28.
  • Sot, Michel. “La première renaissance carolingienne: échanges d'hommes, d'ouvrages et de savoirs”, Actes des congrès de la Société des historiens médiévistes de l'enseignement supérieur public 31 (Paris 2001), 23-40.
  • Stone, Rachel. Morality and Masculinity in the Carolingian Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).
  • Ṭāha, Abdulwāhid Dḥanūn. The Muslim Conquest and Settlement of North Africa and Spain (London ve New York: Routledge, 1989).
  • Thomas, Rebecca. “The Vita Alcuini, Asser and Scholarly Service at the Court of Alfred the Great”, The English Historical Review 134, no. 566 (2019), 1-24.
  • Tolan, John V. Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002).
  • Trompf, Garry W. “The Concept of the Carolingian Renaissance”, Journal of the History of Ideas 34, No. 1 (1973), 3-26.
  • Wolf, Kenneth B. “The Chronicle of 754”, Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, I, ed. David Thomas ve Barbara Roggema (Leiden ve Boston: Brill, 2009), 302-304.
  • Wood, Ian N. The Merovingian Kingdoms 450–751 (London: Longman, 1994).
  • Yıldız, Hakkı Dursun. “Abdurrahman II”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi, C. 1 (İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1988), 150-152.
There are 94 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Medieval Literature, Medieval European History
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erdinç Ofli 0000-0002-6892-5152

Publication Date December 26, 2023
Submission Date September 9, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ofli, E. (2023). Şair ve “Öteki”: Ermoldus Nigellus’un In honorem Hludowici Adlı Eserinde Müslümanlar ve Endülüs. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 664-688. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1354537
AMA Ofli E. Şair ve “Öteki”: Ermoldus Nigellus’un In honorem Hludowici Adlı Eserinde Müslümanlar ve Endülüs. OAD. December 2023;6(2):664-688. doi:10.48120/oad.1354537
Chicago Ofli, Erdinç. “Şair Ve ‘Öteki’: Ermoldus Nigellus’un In Honorem Hludowici Adlı Eserinde Müslümanlar Ve Endülüs”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 6, no. 2 (December 2023): 664-88. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1354537.
EndNote Ofli E (December 1, 2023) Şair ve “Öteki”: Ermoldus Nigellus’un In honorem Hludowici Adlı Eserinde Müslümanlar ve Endülüs. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 6 2 664–688.
IEEE E. Ofli, “Şair ve ‘Öteki’: Ermoldus Nigellus’un In honorem Hludowici Adlı Eserinde Müslümanlar ve Endülüs”, OAD, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 664–688, 2023, doi: 10.48120/oad.1354537.
ISNAD Ofli, Erdinç. “Şair Ve ‘Öteki’: Ermoldus Nigellus’un In Honorem Hludowici Adlı Eserinde Müslümanlar Ve Endülüs”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 6/2 (December 2023), 664-688. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1354537.
JAMA Ofli E. Şair ve “Öteki”: Ermoldus Nigellus’un In honorem Hludowici Adlı Eserinde Müslümanlar ve Endülüs. OAD. 2023;6:664–688.
MLA Ofli, Erdinç. “Şair Ve ‘Öteki’: Ermoldus Nigellus’un In Honorem Hludowici Adlı Eserinde Müslümanlar Ve Endülüs”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 2, 2023, pp. 664-88, doi:10.48120/oad.1354537.
Vancouver Ofli E. Şair ve “Öteki”: Ermoldus Nigellus’un In honorem Hludowici Adlı Eserinde Müslümanlar ve Endülüs. OAD. 2023;6(2):664-88.

16263  open-access-logo.png   COPE.jpg  akademik_logo.png


Articles published in Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi provides immediate open-access to its content, reflecting its conviction in advancing global knowledge exchange. The opinions presented in the articles are the sole responsibility of their respective authors and do not present the view or opinions of Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi. Terms of Use & Privacy Policy