Agamben’in Homo Sacer’i ve Çocuk Haklarının Biyopolitikası

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 6, 24 - 50, 30.06.2025

Soner Akın

Öz

Giorgio Agamben’in Homo Sacer kavramı ışığında, modern toplumlarda hukukun koruma sınırları ile dışlanmışlık
arasında kalan varlıkların durumu ele alınmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, çocukların hem korunmaya muhtaç bireyler olarak
görülmeleri hem de hukuki ve siyasal bir istisna rejimi içinde varlıklarını sürdürdükleri gerçeğine işaret eder. Mülteci
çocukların vatandaşlık haklarından mahrum bırakılması, çocuk işçiliğinin kapitalist biyopolitika düzeni içindeki
nesneleştirici rolü ve eğitim kurumlarının, çocuk bedenleri ile zihinleri üzerinde iktidarın ince ayar mekanizması
olarak işlemesi, analiz edilen temel unsurlar arasındadır. İçerikte, Michel Foucault’nun disiplin ve gözetim üzerinden
ortaya koyduğu biyopolitika kavramı, çocukların nasıl sürekli kontrol ve düzenleme altında tutulduğunu
göstermekte; Hannah Arendt ise bu düzenin kamusal alandan dışlama boyutunu vurgulamaktadır. Judith Butler’ın
yaklaşımıyla, kırılgan bedenler ve istisna halleri üzerinden, çocukların siyasal görünmezliği ele alınıp, onların
potansiyel politik öznellikleri ön plana çıkarılmaktadır. Bu kuramsal çerçeve, çocukların yalnızca korunması gereken
mağdur varlıklar değil, aynı zamanda direniş ve özgürleşme yoluyla aktif siyasal özneler olarak yeniden
tanımlanmaları gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, çocuk hakları meselesinin biyopolitik
tartışmaların merkezine taşınmasını sağlamak üzere, mevcut söylemlerin ötesinde yeni bir siyasi öznellik perspektifi
sunmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyopolitika , İstisna Hâli , Homo Sacer , Gözetim ve Disiplin , Çocuk Hakları.

Kaynakça

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