Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Alternative Furniture Design Recommendations for Non-Structural Hazards in School Buildings Against Earthquake

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 1907 - 1928, 24.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1182522

Abstract

The fact that Turkey is located on fault lines and the earthquakes experienced so far show that it is faced with the reality of an earthquake at any moment. Due to the unpredictability of when, where and how severe earthquakes will occur, the earthquake strength of the structure and the present condition of the non-structural components used in the building are very important at the point of reducing damage. For this reason, Turkey, which is part of the earthquake belt, should prioritize unstructured measures as well as structural measures. In this context, the intensive presence of students in the school buildings during the training hours shows that the structure should be as important to non-structural measures as the earthquake strength. Non-structural hazards pose a great risk to teachers, staff, visitors and especially students in schools during the earthquake. Although there is a legal and administrative structure in Turkey regarding the functioning of structural measures, there are deficiencies in non-structural measures. Therefore, the study focused on the necessity of choosing design furniture with earthquake-instantaneous recovery function instead of the non-structural materials that are actively used in schools. In the study, design at the time of the earthquake aims to highlight the idea of replacing existing materials in schools based on theoretical analysis of products as alternative solution recommendations in the reduction of losses. For this purpose, document analysis is preferred. Study is a qualitative study. The results included in the project designs were developed by scanning the local and foreign literature.

References

  • ADRC, (Asian Disaster Reduction Centre). (2005). Total Disaster Risk Management. Kobe; ADRC. http://www.adrc.asia/publications/TDRM2005/TDRM_Good_Practices/GP2005_e.html, (Son Erişim: 11.03.2021)
  • Akbaba‐Altun, S. (2005). Turkish school principals’ earthquake experiences and reactions. International Journal of Educational Management, 19(4), 307–317, 2005.
  • Alexander, D. E. (2010). The L'Aquila earthquake of 6 April 2009 and Italian Government policy on disaster response. Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research, 2(4), 325-342. doi.org/10.1080/19390459.2010.511450.
  • Bangay, C. (2013). Natural hazards in India: Forewarned is forearmed. Educafion and Natural Disasters. London and New York: Bloomsbury, 62-85.
  • Bayraktar, H., Sahtiyancı, E., & Kuru, A. (2019). Risk değerlendirme matris yöntemi kullanarak okullarda deprem kaynaklı yapısal olmayan risklerin olası etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 2(2), 128-152. DOI: 10.35341/afet.624745
  • Büyükkaragöz, A., Kopraman, Y., & Can, Ö. (2015). Deprem güvenliği ve yapısal olmayan elemanlar, 58-61.
  • Can, H., & Özmen, B. (2010). Türkiye’nin deprem gerçeği paneli. Gazi Üniversitesi Deprem Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Yayını, Ankara.
  • Çanakkale Yerel Gündem 21, (2003). Afetlere karşı hazırlıklı olalım küçük çabalar basit önlemler afetlerin felakete dönüşmesini önler!. Afetlere Hazırlanma Broşürü.
  • Demirarslan, D. (2016). Türkiye ve Japonya’da konutların yapısal olmayan deprem tehlikeleri açısından incelenmesi. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, 2(2), 121-129.
  • Dhakal, R. P. (2010). Damage to non-structural components and contents in 2010 Darfield earthquake. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 43(4), 404-411. 2010. doi:10.5459/bnzsee.43.4.404-411.
  • Durukal, E., Erdik, M., Sungay, B., Türkmen, Z., & Harmandar, E. (2008). Yapısal olmayan deprem risklerinin azaltılması afet zararlarını azaltmanın temel ilkeleri. JICA Türkiye Ofisi, Yayın No:2, S:157-174, 2008. ISBN: 978-975-98140-1-4.
  • Dyregrov, A., Salloum, A., Kristensen, P., & Dyregrov, K. (2015). Grief and traumatic grief in children in the context of mass trauma. Current psychiatry reports, 17(6), 1-8. DOI:10.1007/s11920-015-0577-x.
  • FEMA, (2011). Reducing the risks of nonstructural earthquake damage. A practical guide Federal Emergency Management Agency. Washington DC. Fraze, J. (2013). Earthquake-proof table combines functionality and safety. 2013. https://www.fromthegrapevine.com/innovation/Earthquake-proof-table-combines-functionality-safety (Son Erişim: 02.03.2021).
  • Glaser, B. G. (1965). The constant comparative method of qualitative analysis. Social Problems. 12(4), 436–445. DOI: 10.2307/798843
  • Hugenbusch, D., & Neumann, T. (2016). Cost-benefit analysis of disaster risk reduction. Aktion Deutschland Hilft eV Germany.
  • Ibrion, M., & Paltrinieri, N. (2018). The earthquake disaster risk in Japan and Iran and the necessity of dynamic learning from large earthquake disasters over time. Earthquakes-Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction, IntechOpen, Rijeka, Croatia, 11-29. doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76014
  • İpek, C. (2015). Deprem etkisi altındaki yapısal olmayan sistemlerin incelenmesi. 5. Uluslararası Deprem Sempozyumu, 187-199.
  • İpek, C., Kuzucuoğlu, A. H., & Kıstır, M. R. (2015, May 7-9). Yapısal olmayan sistemlerin deprem etkileri açısından değerlendirilmesi. International Burdur Earthquake & Environment Symposium (IBEES2015), Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur-Türkiye.
  • Kadıoğlu, M., Gürkaynak, İ., & Boydak, A. (2013). Kızılay ile güvenli yaşamı öğreniyorum 4. sınıf ve üzeri için öğretmen kitabı. Türk Kızılay. ISBN- 975-00444-0-1.
  • Keating, A., Mechler, R., Mochizuki, J., Kunreuther, H., Bayer, J., Hanger, S., ... & Egan, C. (2014). Operationalizing resilience against natural disaster risk: opportunities, barriers, and a way forward. zurich flood resilience alliance. IIASA.
  • LifeGuardStructures. (2020). Life-saving structures multi-hazard protection in a familiar form. ww.lifeguardstructures.com. Li, G., Zhao, J., Murray, V., Song, C., & Zhang, L. (2019). Gap analysis on open data interconnectivity for disaster risk research. Geo-Spatial Information Science, 22(1), 45-58. doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2018.1560056
  • Mutch, C. (2015). The role of schools in disaster settings: Learning from the 2010–2011 New Zealand earthquakes. International Journal of Educational Development, 41, 283-291. DOI:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.06.008.
  • Gül, O. K. (2011). 27 Aralık 1939 erzincan depremi’nin sivas ve ilçelerine etkileri. ZeitsohriftfürdieWelt der Türken Journal of World of Turks, (3), 135-145. 2011.
  • Özdikmen, T. (2019). Afet ve acil durum yönetimi saha uygulamalı afet yönetimi ve acil durum metodojileri. Seçkin Yayıncılık. ISBN: 978-975-02-5191-7.
  • Özmen, B., (2018). Afet Yönetimi ve Temel Kavramlar. Afet Yönetimi I Kitabı. Bölüm I. Anadolu Üniversitesi. Eskişehir 2018. E-ISBN: 978-975-06-2779-8.
  • Özmen, B., Gerdan, S., & Ergünay, O. (2015). Okullar için afet ve acil durum yönetimi planları. Elektronik Mesleki Gelişim ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 37-52. 2015.
  • Paci-Green, R., & Pandey, B. (2015). Towards safer school construction: a community-based approach. Global Alliance for Disaster Risk Reducation and Resilience in the Education Sector (GADRRRES). URL: http://saferschoolconstruction.com (Son Erişim: 01.10.2021).
  • Pambudi, D. I., & Ashari, A. (2019). Enhancing role of elementary school in developing sustainable disaster preparedness: a review with some examples from disaster-prone areas of merapi. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 271, 012016. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/271/1/012016
  • Petal, M., ve Sanduvaç, Z. M. (2010). Okullarda afet ve acil durum yönetimi el kitabı. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
  • Perrone, D., Calvi, P. M., Nascimbene, R., Fischer, E. C., & Magliulo, G. (2019). Seismic performance of non-structural elements during the 2016 Central Italy earthquake. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 17(10), 5655-5677.
  • Rogers, S. (2016). Designing for disaster: 15 ıdeas for preparedness & response. https://weburbanist.com/2016/03/09/designing-for-disaster-15-ideas-for-preparedness-response/ (Son Erişim: 01.03.2021).
  • Quarantelli, E. L. (2000). Disaster planning, emergency management and civil protection: The Historical Development of Organized Efforts to Plan for and to Respond to Disasters.
  • Tucker, R. (2017). The kids are all right: designing an earthquake-resilient classroom table. Vıctorıa Unıversıty Of Wellıngton 2017, A Thesis Submitted To The Victoria University Of Wellington İn Fulfilment Of The Requirements For The Degree Of Master Of Design Innovation.
  • Schencking, J. C. (2013). The great Kantō earthquake and the chimera of national reconstruction in Japan. In The Great Kantō Earthquake and the Chimera of National Reconstruction in Japan. Columbia University Press.
  • Tüzün, C. (2019, 17-20 Nisan). Binaların deprem tasarımında yeni yaklaşımlar ve tesisatlar için deprem koruması yöntemleri. 14. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi, Tesisatlarda Sismik Koruma Semineri,İzmir, 987-995.
  • UN, (United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs) (1992). Internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to disaster management, (DNA/93/36) United Nations: Geneva.
  • UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund), (2009). Sichuan earthquake one year report.
  • UNISDR (The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction), (2014). Comprehensive school safety. ın: reduction unofdr, editor 2014, this document describes the three pillars of comprehensive school safety as a means of reducing children’s risks from hazards.
  • UN, ISDR, (2004). Living with risk: a global review of disaster reduction ınitiatives. Geneva: United Nations Inter-Agency Secretariat. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction.
  • UN, ISDR, (2009). UNISDR terminology on disaster risk reduction. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Genewa, Switzerland. Yamori, K. (2013). A historical overview of social representation of earthquake risk in japan: fatalism, social reform, scientific control and collaborative risk management. In Cities at Risk (Pp. 73-91). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Yildiz, A., Teeuw, R., Dickinson, J., & Roberts, J. (2020). Children's earthquake preparedness and risk perception: a comparative study of two cities in turkey, using a modified prısm approach. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 49, 101666.
  • Yüzügüllü, Ö. (1991). Depreme karşı hazırlık, İstanbul ve Deprem Sempozyumu, Kongre Sempozyum Bildiriler Kitabı, 154-165, 1991. https://www.imo.org.tr/resimler/ekutuphane/pdf/12150.pdf
  • Wisner, B. (2006). Let our children teach us! a review of the role of education and knowledge in disaster risk reduction. On Behalf Of The Isdr System Thematic Cluster/Platform On Knowledge And Education, Books for Change 139.
  • İNTERNET KAYNAKLARI URL-1: https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/deprem-tehlike-haritasi (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-2: http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/aheb/yota.asp (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-3: https://www.afad.gov.tr/van-depremi-hakkinda (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-4: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-41337467 (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-5: https://www.yankodesign.com/2008/12/31/triangle-of-life/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-6: https://weburbanist.com/2016/03/09/designing-for-disaster-15-ideas-for-preparedness-response/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-7: https://www.yankodesign.com/2012/03/13/the-quick-shelter-door/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-8: https://hometone.com/quick-shelter-door-emergency-door-earthquake-sung-young-um.html (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-9: https://www.dezeen.com/2012/04/11/earthquake-proof-table-by-arthur-brutterand-ido-bruno/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-10: https://www.gizmodo.cz/?tag=life-triangle-desk (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-11: https://www.artfido.com/architect-designs-an-earthquake-and-bomb-proof-climbable-library/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-12: https://www.arkitera.com/haber/depremde-hayat-kurtaran-mobilyalar-tasarim-yarismasi-finalistleri-selanikte/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-13: https://haber.yasar.edu.tr/genel/yasarli-idilin-deprem-kuresi-projesi-hayat-kurtaracak.html (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-14: http://blog.lightingvanguard.com/2011/11/glowing-ledoor-handle.html (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-15: https://www.yankodesign.com/2019/12/03/this-doorknob-ambiently-glows-at-night-so-youre-never-fumbling-in-the-dark/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).

Depreme Karşı Okul Binalarında Yapısal Olmayan Tehlikelere Alternatif Mobilya Tasarım Önerileri

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 1907 - 1928, 24.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1182522

Abstract

Türkiye’nin fay hatları üzerinde yer alması ve bugüne kadar yaşanan depremler her an bir deprem gerçeği ile karşı karşıya olduğunu gösterir niteliktedir. Depremlerin ne zaman, nerede ve hangi şiddette meydana geleceği öngörülemediğinden dolayı yapının deprem dayanımı ve binada kullanılan yapısal olmayan elemanların mevcut durumu, zararların azaltılması noktasında oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle deprem kuşağında yer alan Türkiye’nin yapısal önlemler kadar yapısal olmayan önlemlere de öncelik vermesi gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda eğitim öğretim saatleri içerisinde öğrencilerin okul binalarında yoğun olarak bulunması, yapının deprem dayanımı kadar yapısal olmayan önlemlere de önem verilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Yapısal olmayan tehlikeler deprem esnasında okullardaki öğretmenler, personeller, ziyaretçiler ve özellikle öğrenciler için büyük risk oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye’de yapısal önlemlerin işleyişine dair yasal ve yönetsel bir yapı mevcut olmasına rağmen yapısal olmayan önlemler konusunda eksiklikler bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada, okullarda aktif olarak kullanılan yapısal olmayan malzemelerin yerine deprem anında kurtarma işlevli tasarım mobilyaların tercih edilmesi gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur. Araştırmada, deprem anında tasarım ürünlerin teorik temelli analizine dayalı olarak okullarda mevcut malzemelerin yerine düşünülmesinin, zararların azaltılması aşamasında alternatif çözüm önerileri olarak değerlendirilmesini ön plana çıkarmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda doküman analizi tercih edilmiştir. Çalışma nitel bir araştırmadır. Yerli ve yabancı literatür taraması yapılarak proje tasarımlarına yer verilmiş sonuç kısmında ise öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

References

  • ADRC, (Asian Disaster Reduction Centre). (2005). Total Disaster Risk Management. Kobe; ADRC. http://www.adrc.asia/publications/TDRM2005/TDRM_Good_Practices/GP2005_e.html, (Son Erişim: 11.03.2021)
  • Akbaba‐Altun, S. (2005). Turkish school principals’ earthquake experiences and reactions. International Journal of Educational Management, 19(4), 307–317, 2005.
  • Alexander, D. E. (2010). The L'Aquila earthquake of 6 April 2009 and Italian Government policy on disaster response. Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research, 2(4), 325-342. doi.org/10.1080/19390459.2010.511450.
  • Bangay, C. (2013). Natural hazards in India: Forewarned is forearmed. Educafion and Natural Disasters. London and New York: Bloomsbury, 62-85.
  • Bayraktar, H., Sahtiyancı, E., & Kuru, A. (2019). Risk değerlendirme matris yöntemi kullanarak okullarda deprem kaynaklı yapısal olmayan risklerin olası etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 2(2), 128-152. DOI: 10.35341/afet.624745
  • Büyükkaragöz, A., Kopraman, Y., & Can, Ö. (2015). Deprem güvenliği ve yapısal olmayan elemanlar, 58-61.
  • Can, H., & Özmen, B. (2010). Türkiye’nin deprem gerçeği paneli. Gazi Üniversitesi Deprem Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Yayını, Ankara.
  • Çanakkale Yerel Gündem 21, (2003). Afetlere karşı hazırlıklı olalım küçük çabalar basit önlemler afetlerin felakete dönüşmesini önler!. Afetlere Hazırlanma Broşürü.
  • Demirarslan, D. (2016). Türkiye ve Japonya’da konutların yapısal olmayan deprem tehlikeleri açısından incelenmesi. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, 2(2), 121-129.
  • Dhakal, R. P. (2010). Damage to non-structural components and contents in 2010 Darfield earthquake. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 43(4), 404-411. 2010. doi:10.5459/bnzsee.43.4.404-411.
  • Durukal, E., Erdik, M., Sungay, B., Türkmen, Z., & Harmandar, E. (2008). Yapısal olmayan deprem risklerinin azaltılması afet zararlarını azaltmanın temel ilkeleri. JICA Türkiye Ofisi, Yayın No:2, S:157-174, 2008. ISBN: 978-975-98140-1-4.
  • Dyregrov, A., Salloum, A., Kristensen, P., & Dyregrov, K. (2015). Grief and traumatic grief in children in the context of mass trauma. Current psychiatry reports, 17(6), 1-8. DOI:10.1007/s11920-015-0577-x.
  • FEMA, (2011). Reducing the risks of nonstructural earthquake damage. A practical guide Federal Emergency Management Agency. Washington DC. Fraze, J. (2013). Earthquake-proof table combines functionality and safety. 2013. https://www.fromthegrapevine.com/innovation/Earthquake-proof-table-combines-functionality-safety (Son Erişim: 02.03.2021).
  • Glaser, B. G. (1965). The constant comparative method of qualitative analysis. Social Problems. 12(4), 436–445. DOI: 10.2307/798843
  • Hugenbusch, D., & Neumann, T. (2016). Cost-benefit analysis of disaster risk reduction. Aktion Deutschland Hilft eV Germany.
  • Ibrion, M., & Paltrinieri, N. (2018). The earthquake disaster risk in Japan and Iran and the necessity of dynamic learning from large earthquake disasters over time. Earthquakes-Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction, IntechOpen, Rijeka, Croatia, 11-29. doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76014
  • İpek, C. (2015). Deprem etkisi altındaki yapısal olmayan sistemlerin incelenmesi. 5. Uluslararası Deprem Sempozyumu, 187-199.
  • İpek, C., Kuzucuoğlu, A. H., & Kıstır, M. R. (2015, May 7-9). Yapısal olmayan sistemlerin deprem etkileri açısından değerlendirilmesi. International Burdur Earthquake & Environment Symposium (IBEES2015), Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur-Türkiye.
  • Kadıoğlu, M., Gürkaynak, İ., & Boydak, A. (2013). Kızılay ile güvenli yaşamı öğreniyorum 4. sınıf ve üzeri için öğretmen kitabı. Türk Kızılay. ISBN- 975-00444-0-1.
  • Keating, A., Mechler, R., Mochizuki, J., Kunreuther, H., Bayer, J., Hanger, S., ... & Egan, C. (2014). Operationalizing resilience against natural disaster risk: opportunities, barriers, and a way forward. zurich flood resilience alliance. IIASA.
  • LifeGuardStructures. (2020). Life-saving structures multi-hazard protection in a familiar form. ww.lifeguardstructures.com. Li, G., Zhao, J., Murray, V., Song, C., & Zhang, L. (2019). Gap analysis on open data interconnectivity for disaster risk research. Geo-Spatial Information Science, 22(1), 45-58. doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2018.1560056
  • Mutch, C. (2015). The role of schools in disaster settings: Learning from the 2010–2011 New Zealand earthquakes. International Journal of Educational Development, 41, 283-291. DOI:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.06.008.
  • Gül, O. K. (2011). 27 Aralık 1939 erzincan depremi’nin sivas ve ilçelerine etkileri. ZeitsohriftfürdieWelt der Türken Journal of World of Turks, (3), 135-145. 2011.
  • Özdikmen, T. (2019). Afet ve acil durum yönetimi saha uygulamalı afet yönetimi ve acil durum metodojileri. Seçkin Yayıncılık. ISBN: 978-975-02-5191-7.
  • Özmen, B., (2018). Afet Yönetimi ve Temel Kavramlar. Afet Yönetimi I Kitabı. Bölüm I. Anadolu Üniversitesi. Eskişehir 2018. E-ISBN: 978-975-06-2779-8.
  • Özmen, B., Gerdan, S., & Ergünay, O. (2015). Okullar için afet ve acil durum yönetimi planları. Elektronik Mesleki Gelişim ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 37-52. 2015.
  • Paci-Green, R., & Pandey, B. (2015). Towards safer school construction: a community-based approach. Global Alliance for Disaster Risk Reducation and Resilience in the Education Sector (GADRRRES). URL: http://saferschoolconstruction.com (Son Erişim: 01.10.2021).
  • Pambudi, D. I., & Ashari, A. (2019). Enhancing role of elementary school in developing sustainable disaster preparedness: a review with some examples from disaster-prone areas of merapi. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 271, 012016. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/271/1/012016
  • Petal, M., ve Sanduvaç, Z. M. (2010). Okullarda afet ve acil durum yönetimi el kitabı. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
  • Perrone, D., Calvi, P. M., Nascimbene, R., Fischer, E. C., & Magliulo, G. (2019). Seismic performance of non-structural elements during the 2016 Central Italy earthquake. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 17(10), 5655-5677.
  • Rogers, S. (2016). Designing for disaster: 15 ıdeas for preparedness & response. https://weburbanist.com/2016/03/09/designing-for-disaster-15-ideas-for-preparedness-response/ (Son Erişim: 01.03.2021).
  • Quarantelli, E. L. (2000). Disaster planning, emergency management and civil protection: The Historical Development of Organized Efforts to Plan for and to Respond to Disasters.
  • Tucker, R. (2017). The kids are all right: designing an earthquake-resilient classroom table. Vıctorıa Unıversıty Of Wellıngton 2017, A Thesis Submitted To The Victoria University Of Wellington İn Fulfilment Of The Requirements For The Degree Of Master Of Design Innovation.
  • Schencking, J. C. (2013). The great Kantō earthquake and the chimera of national reconstruction in Japan. In The Great Kantō Earthquake and the Chimera of National Reconstruction in Japan. Columbia University Press.
  • Tüzün, C. (2019, 17-20 Nisan). Binaların deprem tasarımında yeni yaklaşımlar ve tesisatlar için deprem koruması yöntemleri. 14. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi, Tesisatlarda Sismik Koruma Semineri,İzmir, 987-995.
  • UN, (United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs) (1992). Internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to disaster management, (DNA/93/36) United Nations: Geneva.
  • UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund), (2009). Sichuan earthquake one year report.
  • UNISDR (The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction), (2014). Comprehensive school safety. ın: reduction unofdr, editor 2014, this document describes the three pillars of comprehensive school safety as a means of reducing children’s risks from hazards.
  • UN, ISDR, (2004). Living with risk: a global review of disaster reduction ınitiatives. Geneva: United Nations Inter-Agency Secretariat. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction.
  • UN, ISDR, (2009). UNISDR terminology on disaster risk reduction. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Genewa, Switzerland. Yamori, K. (2013). A historical overview of social representation of earthquake risk in japan: fatalism, social reform, scientific control and collaborative risk management. In Cities at Risk (Pp. 73-91). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Yildiz, A., Teeuw, R., Dickinson, J., & Roberts, J. (2020). Children's earthquake preparedness and risk perception: a comparative study of two cities in turkey, using a modified prısm approach. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 49, 101666.
  • Yüzügüllü, Ö. (1991). Depreme karşı hazırlık, İstanbul ve Deprem Sempozyumu, Kongre Sempozyum Bildiriler Kitabı, 154-165, 1991. https://www.imo.org.tr/resimler/ekutuphane/pdf/12150.pdf
  • Wisner, B. (2006). Let our children teach us! a review of the role of education and knowledge in disaster risk reduction. On Behalf Of The Isdr System Thematic Cluster/Platform On Knowledge And Education, Books for Change 139.
  • İNTERNET KAYNAKLARI URL-1: https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/deprem-tehlike-haritasi (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-2: http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/aheb/yota.asp (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-3: https://www.afad.gov.tr/van-depremi-hakkinda (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-4: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-41337467 (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-5: https://www.yankodesign.com/2008/12/31/triangle-of-life/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-6: https://weburbanist.com/2016/03/09/designing-for-disaster-15-ideas-for-preparedness-response/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-7: https://www.yankodesign.com/2012/03/13/the-quick-shelter-door/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-8: https://hometone.com/quick-shelter-door-emergency-door-earthquake-sung-young-um.html (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-9: https://www.dezeen.com/2012/04/11/earthquake-proof-table-by-arthur-brutterand-ido-bruno/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-10: https://www.gizmodo.cz/?tag=life-triangle-desk (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-11: https://www.artfido.com/architect-designs-an-earthquake-and-bomb-proof-climbable-library/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-12: https://www.arkitera.com/haber/depremde-hayat-kurtaran-mobilyalar-tasarim-yarismasi-finalistleri-selanikte/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-13: https://haber.yasar.edu.tr/genel/yasarli-idilin-deprem-kuresi-projesi-hayat-kurtaracak.html (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-14: http://blog.lightingvanguard.com/2011/11/glowing-ledoor-handle.html (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
  • URL-15: https://www.yankodesign.com/2019/12/03/this-doorknob-ambiently-glows-at-night-so-youre-never-fumbling-in-the-dark/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2021).
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Regional Analysis and Development
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

İsmail Kaya 0000-0001-5948-0043

Can Şahan 0000-0002-9086-9062

Publication Date July 24, 2023
Submission Date September 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kaya, İ., & Şahan, C. (2023). Depreme Karşı Okul Binalarında Yapısal Olmayan Tehlikelere Alternatif Mobilya Tasarım Önerileri. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(2), 1907-1928. https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1182522

Hope to be enlightened in the light of knowledge ....

ODÜSOBİAD