Case Report

Premalignant and Early Invasive Lesions of the Endometrium: Case Presentations in the Light of Current Classifications

Volume: 12 Number: 3 December 31, 2025
TR EN

Premalignant and Early Invasive Lesions of the Endometrium: Case Presentations in the Light of Current Classifications

Abstract

Accurate classification of premalignant and early invasive lesions of the endometrium is of critical importance for the prevention of endometrial carcinoma and for the development of effective treatment strategies. The 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) classification offers an up-to-date framework for the terminology and diagnostic criteria of these lesions. In this context, we evaluated the diagnostic processes and differential criteria of three distinct endometrial lesion cases based on their morphological and immunohistochemical features. Three cases diagnosed in our pathology clinic were retrospectively analyzed. These included non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN), and FIGO Grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma. All cases were histologically examined on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections, and immunohistochemical markers (PAX2, p53, p16, ER, PR, vimentin) were used to support the differential diagnosis. In the first case, benign morphology, preserved gland-to-stroma ratio, and absence of cytologic atypia were observed, supporting a diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. The second case exhibited focal glandular crowding, cytologic atypia, and loss of PAX2 expression, consistent with EIN. In the third case, pronounced nuclear atypia, cribriform glandular architecture, and increased proliferative activity supported a diagnosis of FIGO Grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The findings suggest that the combined use of morphological assessment and immunohistochemical analysis enhances diagnostic accuracy in evaluating endometrial lesions. The WHO 2020 classification reinforces this multifaceted approach, enabling the early recognition of precancerous lesions and guiding appropriate therapeutic strategies.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This study did not receive any financial support from any institution or organization.

Ethical Statement

This study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of archived data. Since no human intervention was performed and no personal data were used, ethics committee approval was not required.

Thanks

We would like to thank our colleagues who contributed during the study process and the editors who will evaluate our manuscript.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pathology

Journal Section

Case Report

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

September 19, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 26, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 12 Number: 3

APA
Turk Alkan, M., Erdem, H., & Canak, O. (2025). Premalignant and Early Invasive Lesions of the Endometrium: Case Presentations in the Light of Current Classifications. ODÜ Tıp Dergisi, 12(3), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.56941/odutip.1787102
AMA
1.Turk Alkan M, Erdem H, Canak O. Premalignant and Early Invasive Lesions of the Endometrium: Case Presentations in the Light of Current Classifications. ODU Med J. 2025;12(3):130-137. doi:10.56941/odutip.1787102
Chicago
Turk Alkan, Meltem, Havva Erdem, and Orhan Canak. 2025. “Premalignant and Early Invasive Lesions of the Endometrium: Case Presentations in the Light of Current Classifications”. ODÜ Tıp Dergisi 12 (3): 130-37. https://doi.org/10.56941/odutip.1787102.
EndNote
Turk Alkan M, Erdem H, Canak O (December 1, 2025) Premalignant and Early Invasive Lesions of the Endometrium: Case Presentations in the Light of Current Classifications. ODÜ Tıp Dergisi 12 3 130–137.
IEEE
[1]M. Turk Alkan, H. Erdem, and O. Canak, “Premalignant and Early Invasive Lesions of the Endometrium: Case Presentations in the Light of Current Classifications”, ODU Med J, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 130–137, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.56941/odutip.1787102.
ISNAD
Turk Alkan, Meltem - Erdem, Havva - Canak, Orhan. “Premalignant and Early Invasive Lesions of the Endometrium: Case Presentations in the Light of Current Classifications”. ODÜ Tıp Dergisi 12/3 (December 1, 2025): 130-137. https://doi.org/10.56941/odutip.1787102.
JAMA
1.Turk Alkan M, Erdem H, Canak O. Premalignant and Early Invasive Lesions of the Endometrium: Case Presentations in the Light of Current Classifications. ODU Med J. 2025;12:130–137.
MLA
Turk Alkan, Meltem, et al. “Premalignant and Early Invasive Lesions of the Endometrium: Case Presentations in the Light of Current Classifications”. ODÜ Tıp Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, Dec. 2025, pp. 130-7, doi:10.56941/odutip.1787102.
Vancouver
1.Meltem Turk Alkan, Havva Erdem, Orhan Canak. Premalignant and Early Invasive Lesions of the Endometrium: Case Presentations in the Light of Current Classifications. ODU Med J. 2025 Dec. 1;12(3):130-7. doi:10.56941/odutip.1787102

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