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Ağaç malzeme yüzeylerine uygulanan poliüretan verniklerin parlaklığına ısıl işlem yöntemi ve işlem sıcaklığının etkisi

Year 2022, , 238 - 246, 17.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1090092

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, farklı yöntemlerle ve farklı sıcaklık seviyelerinde ısıl işlemli ağaç malzeme yüzeylerine uygulanan poliüretan verniklerin parlaklık özellikleri incelenmiştir. Kayın (Fagus sylvatica L.) ve sarıçam (Pinus silvestris L.) odunu örnekleri üç farklı yöntem (ThermoWood, yağlı işlem ve sıcak hava) ve üç farklı sıcaklık (170 °C, 190 °C ve 210 °C) uygulanarak ısıl işleme tabi tutulmuştur. Daha sonra örnek yüzeyleri endüstriyel uygulamalara göre poliüretan vernik ile kaplanmıştır. Parlaklık ölçümleri TS EN ISO 2813 esaslarına uyularak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verniksiz örnekler için, yağlı işlem yöntemi ile ısıl işlem görmüş örneklerde daha düşük parlaklık değerleri belirlenmiştir. ThermoWood ve sıcak hava yöntemleri ile muamele edilmiş örneklerde parlaklık değerleri benzer bulunmuş ve bu örneklerde, düşük sıcaklıktaki (170 °C) ısıl işlem sonrası parlaklıklar kontrol örneklere göre artmıştır. Vernikli örneklerde ise ısıl işlem yönteminin etkisi parlaklık üzerinde önemsiz bulunmuştur. Diğer taraftan, hem verniksiz hem de vernik uygulanmış örneklerde ısıl işlem sıcaklığı artışına bağlı olarak yüzey parlaklık değerleri azalmıştır.

Supporting Institution

DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ REKTÖRLÜĞÜ BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ KOORDİNATÖRLÜĞÜ

Project Number

Kabul Edildi henüz atanmadı

Thanks

Bu çalışma IV. Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi’nde "KAROK2021" sözlü olarak sunulmuştur.

References

  • Aksoy, A., Deveci, M., Baysal, E., Toker, H. 2011. Colour and gloss changes of Scots pine after heat modification. Wood Research, 56(3), 329-336.
  • ASTM D3023-98, 2011. Standard Practice for Determination of Resistance of Factory-Applied Coatings on Wood Products to Stains and Reagents. American Society for Testing and Materials, USA.
  • Ayadi, N., Lejeune, F., Charrier, F., Charrier, B., Merlin, A. 2003. Color stability of heat-treated wood during artificial weathering. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 61(3),221-226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-003-0389-2
  • Aydemir, D., Gündüz, G. 2009. Ahşabın Fiziksel, Kimyasal, Mekaniksel ve Biyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Isıyla Muamelenin Etkisi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(15), 61-70.
  • Aydemir, D., Gündüz, G., Altuntaş, E., Ertas, M., Şahin, H. T., Alma, M. H. 2011. “Investigating changes in the chemical constituents and dimensional stability of heattreated hornbeam and Uludağ fir wood,” BioResources 6(2), 1308-1321. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.2.1308-1321
  • Báder, M., Bak, M., Nemeth, R., Rousek, R., Horní ´ ček, S., Dömeny, J., Klímek, P., Rademacher, P., Kudela, J., Sandberg, D., ve ark. 2018. Wood densification processing for newly engineered materials. In: 5th International conference on processing technologies for the forest and bio-based products industries (PTF BPI 2018), Freising/Münich, Germany, pp. 255–263.
  • Bekhta, P., Niemz, P. 2003. “Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood,” Holzforschung, 57(5), 539-546. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2003.080
  • Boonstra, M. J., 2008. A Two-Stage Thermal Modification of Wood, Ph.D. Thesis, Co-supervised by Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, and Université Henry Poincaré, Nancy, France. https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/468990
  • Boonstra, M. J. 2016. “Dimensional stabilization of wood and wood composites,” in: Lignocellulosic Fibers and Wood Handbook: Renewable Materials for Today's Environment, N. Belgacem, and A. Pizzi (eds.), Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA, pp. 629-655. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118773727.ch26
  • Boonstra, M. J., Van Acker, J., Tjeerdsma, B. F., Kegel, E. V. 2007. “Strength properties of thermally modified softwoods and its relation to polymeric structural wood constituents,” Ann. For. Sci. 64(7), 679-690. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1051/forest:2007048
  • Bozkurt A.Y. ve Erdin N. 2011. Ağaç Teknolojisi Ders Kitabı, 2. Basım, Yayın No: 5029, İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Çakıcıer, N., Korkut, S., Güler, F.D. 2011a. Effects of heating treatment on some of the physical properties of varnish layers applied on various wood species. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(9), 1578-1585. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.1341
  • Çakıcıer, N., Korkut, S., Korkut, D.S. 2011b. Varnish layer hardness, scratch resistance, and glossiness of various wood species as affected by heat treatment. BioResources, 6(2), 1648-1658.
  • Esteves, B. M., Pereira, H. M. 2009. “Wood modification by heat treatment: A review,” BioResources 4(1), 370-404. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.4.1.370-404
  • Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B., Ayata, Ü., Gürleyen, T., Çınar, H. 2018. The effects of heat treatment on colour and glossiness of some commercial woods in Turkey. Drewno. 61(201). https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.227.03
  • Kamdem, D.P., Pizzi, A., Jermannaud, A., 2002. Durability of heat treated wood. Holz als Roh -und Werkstoff 60(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-001-0261-1
  • Karamanoğlu, M., Akyıldız, M. H. 2013. Colour, gloss and hardness properties of heat treated wood exposed to accelerated weathering. Pro Ligno, 9(4), 729-738.
  • Kaygın, B., Gündüz, G., Aydemir, D. 2009. “Some physical properties of heattreated paulownia (Paulownia elongata) wood,” Dry. Technol. 27(1), 89-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373930802565921
  • Kocaefe, D., Huang, X., Kocaefe, Y. 2015. “Dimensional stabilization of wood,” Curr. For. Rep. 1(3), 151-161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-015-0017-5
  • Korkut, S., Kocaefe, D. 2009. “Isıl işlemin odun özellikleri üzerine etkisi”, Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 5(2), 11–34.
  • Korkut, D. S., Guller, B. 2008. The effects of heat treatment on physical properties and surface roughness of red-bud maple (Acer trautvetteri Medw.) wood. Bioresource Technology, 99(8), 2846-2851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.043
  • Korkut, D. S., Hiziroglu, S., Aytin, A. 2013. Effect of heat treatment on surface characteristics of wild cherry wood. BioResources, 8(2), 1582-1590. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.8.2.1582-1590
  • Korkut, S., Kök, M. S., Korkut, D. S., Gürleyen, T. 2008. “The effects of heat treatment on technological properties in red-bud maple (Acer trautvetteri Medw.) wood,” Bioresource Technology, 99(6), 1538-1543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.021
  • Kurtoğlu, A., 2000. “Ağaç Malzeme Yüzey İşlemleri I. Cilt Genel Bilgiler Ders Kitabı”, Yayın No: 463, İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi, İstanbul.
  • Mayes, D. and Oksanen, O., 2002. Thermowood Handbook. Finnforest, Finland.
  • Pelit, H. 2017. The effect of different wood varnishes on surface color properties of heat treated wood materials. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 67(2), 262-274. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.300010
  • Pelit H. 2014. Yoğunlaştırma ve ısıl işlemin doğu kayını ve sarıçamın bazı teknolojik özellikleriyle üstyüzey işlemlerine etkisi, Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Pelit, H., Sönmez, A., Budakçı, M. 2014. “Effects of ThermoWood® process combined with thermo-mechanical densification on some physical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.),” BioResources 9(3), 4552-4567. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.9.3.4552-4567
  • Pelit, H., Budakçı, M., Sönmez, A., Burdurlu, E. 2015. Surface roughness and brightness of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) applied with water-based varnish after densification and heat treatment. Journal of Wood Science, 61(6), 586-594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-015-1506-7
  • Rowell RM (ed) 2012 Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites. CRC Press, Boca Raton https://doi.org/10.1201/b12487
  • Sandberg, D., Kutnar, A., Mantanis, G. 2017. Wood modification technologies-a review. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 10(6), 895-908. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor2380-010
  • Sönmez A. 1989. Ağaçtan Yapılmış Mobilya Üst Yüzeylerinde Kullanılan Verniklerin Önemli Mekanik, Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Etkilere Karşı Dayanıklılıkları, Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Sönmez, A., 2005. Preparation and coloring, finishing on woodworking I, Gazi University, Technical Education Faculty, Cem Web Ofset, Ankara.
  • Sönmez, A., Budakçı, M., 2004. Protective layers and paint/varnish systems, finishing on woodworking II., Gazi University, Technical Education Faculty, Sevgi Ofset, Ankara.
  • Syrjänen, T. Kangas, E., 2000. Heat treated timber in Finland, International Research Group on Wood Preservation, 14-19 May, Doc. No. IRG/WP 00–40158, Hawaii, USA.
  • Şahin, H. İ., Güler, C. 2018. “Effect of heat treatment on the dimensional stability of ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood,” Forestist 68(1), 42-52. https://doi.org/10.5152/forestist.2018.005
  • TS 2470, 1976. “Odunda Fiziksel ve Mekaniksel Deneyler İçin Numune Alma Metotları ve Genel Özellikler, T.S.E. Standardı, Ankara.
  • TS 2471, 1976. “Odunda, fiziksel ve mekaniksel deneyler için rutubet miktarı tayini”, T.S.E. Standardı, Ankara, 1-8.
  • TS 4318 EN ISO 2813., 2002. “ Boyalar ve Vernikler - Metalik Olmayan Boya Filmlerinin 20˚, 60˚ ve 85˚ Açılarda Parlaklık Tayini’’, T.S.E. Standardı, Ankara.
  • Örs, Y. ve Keskin, H. 2008. Ağaç Malzeme Teknolojisi, Öz Baran Ofset Matbaacılık, Ankara.
  • Özalp, M., Gezer, I., Korkut, S. 2009. The investigation of heat treatment with water-based varnish double components in varnish applications of wood material. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(8), 1689-1694.
  • Ulay G. 2018. Yat ve tekne mobilyalarında kullanılan bazı ağaç türlerine uygulanan termal modifikasyon ve UV yaşlandırma işlemlerinin vernik katman performansları üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Düzce Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Düzce.
  • Yalçın, M., Şahin, H. İ. 2015. “Changes in the chemical structure and decay resistance of heat-treated narrow-leaved ash wood,” Maderas- Cienc. Tecnol. 17(2), 435-446. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2015005000040
  • Yıldız, S., Gezer, E. D., Yıdız, Ü. C. 2006. “Mechanical and chemical behavior of spruce wood modified by heat,” Build. Environ. 41(12), 1762-1766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.017

The effect of heat treatment method and process temperature on the glossiness of polyurethane varnishes applied to wood material surfaces

Year 2022, , 238 - 246, 17.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1090092

Abstract

In this study, the glossiness properties of polyurethane varnishes applied to the surfaces of heat-treated wood materials with different methods and different temperature levels were investigated. Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) wood samples were heat treated by applying three different methods (ThermoWood, oil treatment and hot air) and three different temperatures (170 °C, 190 °C and 210 °C). Then, the sample surfaces were covered with polyurethane varnish according to industrial applications. Gloss measurements were carried out in accordance with TS EN ISO 2813 principles. For the unvarnished samples, lower gloss values were determined for the samples that were heat-treated with the oil treatment method. The gloss values were found to be similar in the samples treated with ThermoWood and hot air methods, and in these samples, the glosses increased after the heat treatment at low temperature (170 °C) compared to the control samples. For the varnished samples, the effect of the heat treatment method was found to be insignificant on the gloss. On the other hand, surface gloss values decreased due to the increase in heat treatment temperature in both unvarnished and varnished samples.

Project Number

Kabul Edildi henüz atanmadı

References

  • Aksoy, A., Deveci, M., Baysal, E., Toker, H. 2011. Colour and gloss changes of Scots pine after heat modification. Wood Research, 56(3), 329-336.
  • ASTM D3023-98, 2011. Standard Practice for Determination of Resistance of Factory-Applied Coatings on Wood Products to Stains and Reagents. American Society for Testing and Materials, USA.
  • Ayadi, N., Lejeune, F., Charrier, F., Charrier, B., Merlin, A. 2003. Color stability of heat-treated wood during artificial weathering. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 61(3),221-226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-003-0389-2
  • Aydemir, D., Gündüz, G. 2009. Ahşabın Fiziksel, Kimyasal, Mekaniksel ve Biyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Isıyla Muamelenin Etkisi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(15), 61-70.
  • Aydemir, D., Gündüz, G., Altuntaş, E., Ertas, M., Şahin, H. T., Alma, M. H. 2011. “Investigating changes in the chemical constituents and dimensional stability of heattreated hornbeam and Uludağ fir wood,” BioResources 6(2), 1308-1321. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.2.1308-1321
  • Báder, M., Bak, M., Nemeth, R., Rousek, R., Horní ´ ček, S., Dömeny, J., Klímek, P., Rademacher, P., Kudela, J., Sandberg, D., ve ark. 2018. Wood densification processing for newly engineered materials. In: 5th International conference on processing technologies for the forest and bio-based products industries (PTF BPI 2018), Freising/Münich, Germany, pp. 255–263.
  • Bekhta, P., Niemz, P. 2003. “Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood,” Holzforschung, 57(5), 539-546. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2003.080
  • Boonstra, M. J., 2008. A Two-Stage Thermal Modification of Wood, Ph.D. Thesis, Co-supervised by Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, and Université Henry Poincaré, Nancy, France. https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/468990
  • Boonstra, M. J. 2016. “Dimensional stabilization of wood and wood composites,” in: Lignocellulosic Fibers and Wood Handbook: Renewable Materials for Today's Environment, N. Belgacem, and A. Pizzi (eds.), Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA, pp. 629-655. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118773727.ch26
  • Boonstra, M. J., Van Acker, J., Tjeerdsma, B. F., Kegel, E. V. 2007. “Strength properties of thermally modified softwoods and its relation to polymeric structural wood constituents,” Ann. For. Sci. 64(7), 679-690. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1051/forest:2007048
  • Bozkurt A.Y. ve Erdin N. 2011. Ağaç Teknolojisi Ders Kitabı, 2. Basım, Yayın No: 5029, İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Çakıcıer, N., Korkut, S., Güler, F.D. 2011a. Effects of heating treatment on some of the physical properties of varnish layers applied on various wood species. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(9), 1578-1585. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.1341
  • Çakıcıer, N., Korkut, S., Korkut, D.S. 2011b. Varnish layer hardness, scratch resistance, and glossiness of various wood species as affected by heat treatment. BioResources, 6(2), 1648-1658.
  • Esteves, B. M., Pereira, H. M. 2009. “Wood modification by heat treatment: A review,” BioResources 4(1), 370-404. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.4.1.370-404
  • Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B., Ayata, Ü., Gürleyen, T., Çınar, H. 2018. The effects of heat treatment on colour and glossiness of some commercial woods in Turkey. Drewno. 61(201). https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.227.03
  • Kamdem, D.P., Pizzi, A., Jermannaud, A., 2002. Durability of heat treated wood. Holz als Roh -und Werkstoff 60(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-001-0261-1
  • Karamanoğlu, M., Akyıldız, M. H. 2013. Colour, gloss and hardness properties of heat treated wood exposed to accelerated weathering. Pro Ligno, 9(4), 729-738.
  • Kaygın, B., Gündüz, G., Aydemir, D. 2009. “Some physical properties of heattreated paulownia (Paulownia elongata) wood,” Dry. Technol. 27(1), 89-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373930802565921
  • Kocaefe, D., Huang, X., Kocaefe, Y. 2015. “Dimensional stabilization of wood,” Curr. For. Rep. 1(3), 151-161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-015-0017-5
  • Korkut, S., Kocaefe, D. 2009. “Isıl işlemin odun özellikleri üzerine etkisi”, Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 5(2), 11–34.
  • Korkut, D. S., Guller, B. 2008. The effects of heat treatment on physical properties and surface roughness of red-bud maple (Acer trautvetteri Medw.) wood. Bioresource Technology, 99(8), 2846-2851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.043
  • Korkut, D. S., Hiziroglu, S., Aytin, A. 2013. Effect of heat treatment on surface characteristics of wild cherry wood. BioResources, 8(2), 1582-1590. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.8.2.1582-1590
  • Korkut, S., Kök, M. S., Korkut, D. S., Gürleyen, T. 2008. “The effects of heat treatment on technological properties in red-bud maple (Acer trautvetteri Medw.) wood,” Bioresource Technology, 99(6), 1538-1543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.021
  • Kurtoğlu, A., 2000. “Ağaç Malzeme Yüzey İşlemleri I. Cilt Genel Bilgiler Ders Kitabı”, Yayın No: 463, İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi, İstanbul.
  • Mayes, D. and Oksanen, O., 2002. Thermowood Handbook. Finnforest, Finland.
  • Pelit, H. 2017. The effect of different wood varnishes on surface color properties of heat treated wood materials. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 67(2), 262-274. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.300010
  • Pelit H. 2014. Yoğunlaştırma ve ısıl işlemin doğu kayını ve sarıçamın bazı teknolojik özellikleriyle üstyüzey işlemlerine etkisi, Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Pelit, H., Sönmez, A., Budakçı, M. 2014. “Effects of ThermoWood® process combined with thermo-mechanical densification on some physical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.),” BioResources 9(3), 4552-4567. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.9.3.4552-4567
  • Pelit, H., Budakçı, M., Sönmez, A., Burdurlu, E. 2015. Surface roughness and brightness of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) applied with water-based varnish after densification and heat treatment. Journal of Wood Science, 61(6), 586-594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-015-1506-7
  • Rowell RM (ed) 2012 Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites. CRC Press, Boca Raton https://doi.org/10.1201/b12487
  • Sandberg, D., Kutnar, A., Mantanis, G. 2017. Wood modification technologies-a review. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 10(6), 895-908. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor2380-010
  • Sönmez A. 1989. Ağaçtan Yapılmış Mobilya Üst Yüzeylerinde Kullanılan Verniklerin Önemli Mekanik, Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Etkilere Karşı Dayanıklılıkları, Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Sönmez, A., 2005. Preparation and coloring, finishing on woodworking I, Gazi University, Technical Education Faculty, Cem Web Ofset, Ankara.
  • Sönmez, A., Budakçı, M., 2004. Protective layers and paint/varnish systems, finishing on woodworking II., Gazi University, Technical Education Faculty, Sevgi Ofset, Ankara.
  • Syrjänen, T. Kangas, E., 2000. Heat treated timber in Finland, International Research Group on Wood Preservation, 14-19 May, Doc. No. IRG/WP 00–40158, Hawaii, USA.
  • Şahin, H. İ., Güler, C. 2018. “Effect of heat treatment on the dimensional stability of ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood,” Forestist 68(1), 42-52. https://doi.org/10.5152/forestist.2018.005
  • TS 2470, 1976. “Odunda Fiziksel ve Mekaniksel Deneyler İçin Numune Alma Metotları ve Genel Özellikler, T.S.E. Standardı, Ankara.
  • TS 2471, 1976. “Odunda, fiziksel ve mekaniksel deneyler için rutubet miktarı tayini”, T.S.E. Standardı, Ankara, 1-8.
  • TS 4318 EN ISO 2813., 2002. “ Boyalar ve Vernikler - Metalik Olmayan Boya Filmlerinin 20˚, 60˚ ve 85˚ Açılarda Parlaklık Tayini’’, T.S.E. Standardı, Ankara.
  • Örs, Y. ve Keskin, H. 2008. Ağaç Malzeme Teknolojisi, Öz Baran Ofset Matbaacılık, Ankara.
  • Özalp, M., Gezer, I., Korkut, S. 2009. The investigation of heat treatment with water-based varnish double components in varnish applications of wood material. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(8), 1689-1694.
  • Ulay G. 2018. Yat ve tekne mobilyalarında kullanılan bazı ağaç türlerine uygulanan termal modifikasyon ve UV yaşlandırma işlemlerinin vernik katman performansları üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Düzce Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Düzce.
  • Yalçın, M., Şahin, H. İ. 2015. “Changes in the chemical structure and decay resistance of heat-treated narrow-leaved ash wood,” Maderas- Cienc. Tecnol. 17(2), 435-446. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2015005000040
  • Yıldız, S., Gezer, E. D., Yıdız, Ü. C. 2006. “Mechanical and chemical behavior of spruce wood modified by heat,” Build. Environ. 41(12), 1762-1766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.017
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Forest Industry Engineering
Journal Section Forest Products
Authors

Erol Koç 0000-0003-0286-9140

Hüseyin Pelit 0000-0002-5706-473X

Project Number Kabul Edildi henüz atanmadı
Publication Date September 17, 2022
Submission Date March 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Koç, E., & Pelit, H. (2022). Ağaç malzeme yüzeylerine uygulanan poliüretan verniklerin parlaklığına ısıl işlem yöntemi ve işlem sıcaklığının etkisi. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 9(Özel Sayı), 238-246. https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1090092